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PUBLICATIONS

OF THE

SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY

VOLUME XIII

CLERK OF PENICUIK'S MEMOIRS

AZ 1

December 1892

MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE OF

SIR JOHN CLERK

OF PENICUIK, BARONET
BARON OF THE EXCHEQUER
EXTRACTED BY HIMSELF FROM
HIS OWN JOURNALS
1676-1755

Edited from the Manuscript in Penicuik House
with an Introduction and Notes, by
JOHN M. GRAY

F.S.A. SCOT.

EDINBURGH

Printed at the University Press by T. and A. Constable
for the Scottish History Society
1892 ,

THE GETTY CENTER
UBRARY

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction, ...... ix-xxxi

MEMOIRS OF MY LIFE, .... 1-231

Appendix — Improvements at Penicuik, Loanhead, Mavis-
bank, and Cammo, ..... 232-234

Additional Notes, ..... 235-260

Index, . . .... 261-278

ILLUSTRATIONS

i. Baron Sir John Clerk., second Baronet of Penicuik;,
by William Aikman {Frontispiece).

ii. John Clerk, grandfather of Baron Sir John Clerk, at page 4

in. Mary Gray, grandmother of Baron Sir John Clerk, 4

iv. Ol» Penicuik House, from a drawing by John Clerk

ofEldin, ... . „ 6

v. Baron Sir John Clerk, cetatis 19, from a drawing

done in Leyden by William Mieris, . . ,,10

vi. Lady Margaret Stuart, first wife of Baron Sir

John Clerk, by William Aikman, 38

vii . John Clerk, eldest son of Baron Sir John Clerk, by

William Aikman. . . . . ,,42

vni. Janet Inglis, second wife of Baron Sir John Clerk,

by William Aikman, . . . . ,,74

ix. Mavisbank House, from a drawing by Thomas Ross,

F.S.A. Scot., ..... ,,114

x. Armorial Book-Plates of the Clerks of Penicuik, . 234

Nos. i., vi., vii,, and vm. are from oil-paintings, Nos. n. and m. from
miniatures, No. v. from a pencil-drawing, and No. x. from a
copper-plate, preserved in Penicuik House.

ER RATA

Page S, second line of Note 2 , for mascuiise read masculis e

22, fourth line of notes, for vol. i. p. 1059-60 read vol. ii. pp._H59-6o

29, fourth line of Note 4 , for Boudoin read Bowdoin

45, fourth last line, for who been bred read who had been bred

90, fourth last line, delete and

117, fifteenth line of Note 1 ,for Stuckeley read Stukeley
131, last line of Note 2 , for Woodrow read Wodrow
139, fourth line of Note l ,for Lympandoun read Tympandoun
150, sixth line of Note 1 ,for vol. iii. read No. II. part iii.
165, second line of Note for Bibiotheca read Bibliotheca

third line, for part i. read part iii.

second line of Note s , for part i. read part iii.
16S, tenth line of Note ~,for French read English
173, Note \ for Charles Emmanuel II. read Charles Emmanuel I.
206, fifth line from top,yfrr Queensferry read Queensberry

INTRODUCTION

The manuscript which, through the kind permission of Sir
George Clerk of Penicuik, is now printed for the use of the
members of the Scottish History Society, contains an Autobio-
graphy of his ancestor Sir John Clerk, second baronet of Peni-
cuik, the great-grandson of William Drummond of Hawthorn-
den, the poet. Sir John was one of the commissioners for the
Union, and a Baron of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland ;
and his account of his life, extending from 1676 to 1755, em-
braces a particularly significant portion of our national history.
The manuscript contains not only a full record and a carefully
weighed estimate of current political events, both at home and
abroad, but also much curious information bearing on the
material and social condition of Scotland during the period
indicated, along with such an account of the Baron's own
private tastes, pursuits, and employments, as presents us with
a vivid and reliable picture of the daily life of a cultured
Scottish gentleman of the first half of the eighteenth century.

The manuscript is contained in a stout quarto volume of
251 pages, in Clerk's own handwriting, preserved in the charter-
room of Penicuik House ; its battered vellum binding warped
and time-stained, and its margins mouldering away with damp,
which accounts for the defective condition of many of its
writer's marginal notes. I have reprinted it as it stands, add-
ing only some slight and necessary punctuation.

As the author states, the Autobiography is founded upon a
journal which he ' was always in use to keep.' The most im-
portant portion of this ' journal , that is still accessible consists

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

of two folio manuscript volumes, preserved at Penicuik House,
embracing an account of his travels on the Continent from
1694 to 1699 ; and these have furnished some illustrative foot-
notes ; while the ' Memoirs of a Goat Whey Campaign at
Lauers in 1749,"' a separate manuscript, printed as Additional
Note S., affords further insight into the Baron's method of
using his contemporary journal in the production of his more
weighed and final ' Account of my Life." 1 It would have been
interesting if the various other portions of his journal to which
he refers had been preserved and accessible — such portions as
the 'Particular Journal of a little Trip to England 1 in 1724,
in company with Alexander Gordon, to view the Roman Wall,
mentioned at folio 141 ; the 'Diary of all I saw or met with in
England 1 in 1727, when he visited the chief virtuosos in London,
and made an excursion to Stonehenge and Wilton, mentioned
at folio 148 ; the ' Journal of what I saw 1 in a ' trip 1 to Hough-
ton Hall, Norfolk, and to London in 1733, mentioned at folio
158 ; and the ' Particular Account 1 of his visit to the coal-pits
at Whitehaven in 1739, referred to in folio 181. We have
proof that some of these manuscripts were preserved at Peni-
cuik lon£r after the Baron's death, in an entrv in a ' Scroll
Inventory of the Contents of the Charter-room, 1 dated 29th
March 1783, which includes the following entry, ' No. 24,
Baron Clerk's Travels at home or in England, 1724 and 1733,
3 vols. : 1 but these have now disappeared ; and, after a some-
what careful search among the very voluminous, unclassified
contents of the charter-room, I have been obliged to abandon
the hope of discovering them.

The manuscript now printed for the first time begins with a
brief reference to the writers ancestry : and he opens the
account of his own life by recording that he was born on the
8th of February 1676 ; a statement, confirmed by the Baptism
Register of the City of Edinburgh, which rectifies the initial
error of all his biographers, who unanimously give the date as

INTRODUCTION

16SI. He received his earliest instruction in the parish school
of Penicuik ; and then studied in Glasgow University ; passing
in his eighteenth year to Holland to study at Leyden, where
he mainly devoted himself to law. Here he also, under
Gronovius, laid the foundations of an extensive knowledge of
Roman antiquities, the study of which formed a favourite
pursuit during all his life ; received instruction in drawing from
William Mieris, attaining more than common proficiency ; and
became a skilful musician : so that, after added practice in
Italy, he was able, on his return to Scotland, to affirm that he
' understood pictures better than became his purse, and as to
music I performed rather better than became a gentleman.' It
seems to have been chiefly his enthusiasm for music, combined
with other similarities of taste, that attracted him to Boerhaave,
of whom the manuscript contains some interesting particulars,
and who was sufficiently a Scotsman in his likings to pronounce
' oat-meal potage," 1 when eaten with cream, a 4 nirtrimentum
divbium.' The pair ' lived like Brothers together, while I staid
in Levd^!,' and they continued to be correspondents during
the life of the great physician.

Though possessed of but a slender purse, the young Scottish
student set his face steadfastly towards Italy, that holy land of
pilgrimage for all interested in the things of art and culture.
His journey was contrary to the wishes of his father, ' but the
vast desire I had to see a Country so famous for exploits about
which all my time had been hitherto spent in reading the
classicks, likewavs a country so replenished with Antiquities of
all kinds, and so much excelling all other countries in painting
and musick, I say these things created such a vast desire in
me to see it, that I am sure nothing in life had ever made me
happy if I had denied my self this great pleasure and satis-
faction."

At Vienna he was introduced at court by Lord Lexington,
and enjoyed the musical entertainments to which the Emperor

xii

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Leopold i. was so ardently attached. At Rome, again, he
moved in the best circles, studying law in a more or less formal
way, under Monsignor Caprara, of the Rota, and Monsignor
Chaprigni, and music under Pasquini and Corelli, who
figure vividly in his pages. At Florence he received especial
favours from the Grand Duke Cosmo in., by whom he was
appointed a Gentleman of the Bed-chamber. Paris pleased
him little after Italy ; and in the end of 1699 he returned to
Scotland.

The two unpublished manuscript volumes of his Travels
prove how wisely and diligently he had employed his time
while abroad, and how close and thorough had been his study
of the history, laws, and manners of the various countries in
which he had resided.

In July 1700, he was admitted a member of the Scottish
bar : and the efforts of his father to provide a fitting mate for
him form a quaint episode in the Autobiography. It may be

noticed that the 'Daughter of ' ' the P 1 of the n, 1

to whom he refers in terms the reverse of complimentary, was
doubtless Margaret, eldest daughter of Sir Hugh Dalrvmple,
of North Berwick, Baronet, President of the Court of Session
at the time indicated. She was born in 1683, and was married
to Sir John Shaw, of Greenock, Baronet, the contract being
dated 1st March 1700. The bride finally chosen by Clerk
was the Lady Margaret Stuart, eldest daughter of Alexander,
third Earl of Galloway, whose bright handsome face, painted
by William Aikman, the Baron's cousin, in his youth, fronts
us in our Illustration No. vi. Her death so soon afterwards,
on the birth of her first son, forms a pathetic page in her
husband's Autobiography.

His marriage had introduced him to James, second Duke
of Queensberry, his wife's cousin, who proved a warm friend,
and was the main cause of Clerk's advancement in life.
Through the influence of his brother-in-law, James, fifth Earl

INTRODUCTION

xiii

of Galloway, he was elected member of Parliament for the
burgh of Whithorn, which he represented in the Scottish
Parliament from 1702 till the Union, and in the first parlia-
ment of Great Britain. His account of the state of the
various political parties of the time, and the personal glimpses
that he affords of prominent individuals, will be read with
interest. The ' Union 1 Duke of Queensberry figures as ' a very
friendly affable man ; ' the Marquis of Tweeddale is a ' very good
man, but not perfectly qualified for court intrigues Fletcher
of Saltoun is ' a little untoward in his temper and much inclined
to eloquence, however a very honest man, and meant well in
everything he said and did, except in cases where his humure,
passions or prejudices were suffered to get the better of his
reason John, Duke of Argyll, the young High Commissioner
' behaved himself in a manner far above what cou'd be
expected from one of his years. 1

About this time Clerk gave utterance to his own sentiments,
and also served his political party, by the production of two
pamphlets, — one 'against diminishing the antient prerogatives
of the crown,' the other an 'Essay upon the intended Limita-
tions 1 proposed by Fletcher, of which the object 'was to
take the patronage of office out of the hands of the Crown
and exercise it in the Estates by ballot;" 1 but all my efforts
to identify these tracts, in the British Museum, the Advocates',
Signet, and Edinburgh University Libraries, in the very exten-
sive collection of contemporary pamphlets at Penicuik House,
and in other likely places, have failed.

A commission to inquire into the public accounts and
national debt having been appointed in 1703, Clerk, through
the influence of the Duke of Queensberry, was chosen a
member. Here his thorough and painstaking way of work,
of which we saw first indications in the elaborate foreign
journals of the youth of twenty, came into play ; and he was

1 Hill Burton's History, vol. viii. p. 92 (1873).

XIV

JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

the member of commission who was intrusted with drawing up
the report which was submitted to parliament in the following
year. It is to be noticed that the George Drummond, ' then
about 18 years of age, 1 who ' wrote a good hand," and acted as
Clerk's amanuensis in this work (see marginal note at page 54),
was afterwards Provost of Edinburgh, and worthily celebrated
as the founder of the Royal Infirmary, and the wise and help-
ful patron of the University. The commission was continued
by the parliament in 1704, and a second report was submitted
in 1705.

Clerk was next nominated, on the recommendation of the
Duke of Argyll, a member of the council appointed in 1705
to inquire into the trade and commerce of the Scottish nation ;
and having again proved his ability and ' thorough acquaint-
ance with all the Finances of Scotland, and the whole manage-
ment of the Lords of the Treasury, and Exchequer of this
Country, from the Revolution in 1688 down to the year 1706,"
he was ' tho' at this time very young for so great a trust ' —
indeed, barely thirty — nominated a commissioner for the Union.
He was greatly disinclined to accept the appointment ; for,
careful, keen-sighted politician though he was, he had come
to the conclusion that public feeling in Scotland was too deter-
minedly hostile to the Union, and ' doubted not but, after a
great deal of expense in attending a treaty in England, I should
be obliged to return with the uneasy reflection of having either
done nothing, or nothing to the purpose, as had been the case
of former commissioners appointed for this end/ But evidently
his value as a public servant was fully appreciated by those in
power ; the strongest pressure was applied to force his consent ;
Queensberry threatened to withdraw his patronage and friend-
ship if he persisted in declining the proffered honour: so
having said, in all sincerity, his nolo episcopari, Clerk at length
accepted his nomination, and entered upon the weighty duties
which it entailed. He was one of the four Scottish commis-

INTRODUCTION

sioners appointed to confer daily with a like number of the
English commissioners ; and he devoted himself especially to
the financial aspects of the Treaty of Union, aspects which,
as a glance at contemporary debates and the pamphlet litera-
ture on the subject amply proves, were felt by both nations to
be of paramount importance. It was at this time that he
published his two pamphlets — A Letter to a Friend, etc., and
An Essay upon the AT Article, etc.

Of the negotiations for the Union, the Autobiography fur-
nishes us with a full and well-considered account, which has
the interest and the freshness of a record by one who was
busily engaged in what he describes, and was thoroughly con-
versant with all its details ; and in the touches, here and there,
of more personal reference, we feel that it is an actor in this
stirring scene of our national drama who is here taking us by
the hand, and introducing us to his fellow-actors and their
doings. The passages, in particular, which deal with his two
interviews with Queen Anne, if they want the dignity of
formal history, have intimate touches of homelv and pathetic-
reality, that bring us close to the time and the scenes.

His opinion.- upon the Union, and his record of the negotia-
tions that were preliminary to it, have already been incor-
porated in the pages of the historian ; for several of his
manuscripts dealing with the subject were placed at the dis-
posal of the Kev. Dr. Thomas Somerville, author of The His-
tory of Great Britain during the Reign of Queen Anne, bv the
Baron's grandson, Sir John Clerk, the fifth baronet. In the
preface to his History, Dr. Somerville refers to ' some excellent
treatises* for explaining the scheme of the Union, and refuting
the objections of its ignorant and factious opposers, written by
Clerk, ' a member of the Scottish Parliament at the time of
the Union* who 'devoted himself, with assiduous application,
to the study of the momentous questions then in agitation,"
and who 'to the accomplishments of a scholar and antiquary "

xvi

JOHN CLERKS MEMOIRS

added ' an accurate knowledge of the history and constitution
of Scotland." 1 Doubtless these are the four published pamphlets
referred to at folios 48 and 78 of the Autobiography. But
the historian also expresses ' great obligations 11 for the use of
'valuable manuscripts. 1 'Those which I inspected, as parti-
cularly suitable to my purpose, are [1] short journals of the
proceedings of the Scottish Parliament while the Union was
depending; [2] observations on [George] Lockhar^s Memoirs,
and [3] a testamentary memorial for the instruction of his own
family, giving a concise and perspicuous account of the treaty ;
and, after the experience of more than thirty years, comparing
its effects with the presages and expectations, both of its abet-
tors and opposers, at the time of its formation. From these
materials, fraught with private anecdotes, and marked descrip-
tions of the conduct of parties, and the character and intrigues
of their leaders, I am able to treat of Scottish affairs with
greater precision and certainty than former historians, who, for
want of better sources of information, have implicitly relied
upon annals and memoirs, of which the authors are unknown. 1

Again, at p. 286 of My Own Life and Times, Somerville men-
tions that he had access to the valuable manuscripts 'composed
bv 1 Baron Sir John Clerk, 'an influential member of the Scottish
Parliament at the time of the Union, and much in the confidence
of the Duke of Queensberry, his [her] Majesty ""s Commissioner. 1

None of these manuscripts seem to be now at Penicuik
House. Probably the items which I have numbered [1] and
[3], are the ' Journal of the proceedings of the Scots and Eng-
lish Commissioners in the Treaty for an Union between the
two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, holden at the Cockpit
in London, A 0 1706, holograph, 3 vols., 1 and the ' Observa-
tions on the State of Scotland before the Union, and the
advantages accruing to Scotland by the union of the two
kingdoms, copied by his chaplain, 1 which figure as Nos. 26 and
69 in the Inventory of 1783, already referred to.

INTRODUCTION

XVll

The second item, as we learn from a note at page 156 of
Somerville's History, was 'a copy of Lockhart's Memoirs, with
notes in Sir John's own hand, on the margin ; upon the back
of the title-page, the following words are written in the same
hand : — "As these Memoirs are said to have been written by
Mr. Lock hart in the heat of party rage, it is no extraordinary
matter to find them erroneous in several particulars, which
the following notes will demonstrate ; yet many of the charac-
ters are just, in so far as the author was acquainted with the
persons. These notes were revised by me in the year 1738,
and again in 1747. I have carefully considered them, and do
not only adhere to them, but positively assert, that every
particular fact mentioned by me is exactly agreeable to truth ;
and to my knowledge, I have concealed nothing. — J. C.' 1 In a
note on the margin of the second page of the preface, Sir John
says : " These Memoirs were given out to be copied, and so
came abroad ; however, the persons abused took little notice
of them, and the supposed author abjured them, on many
occasions, so that I and others have liberty to animadvert on
them, if we please.*"' Thus qualified, the Memoirs become
respectable documents of historical facts. By the perusal of
this valuable Ms., I have not only been enabled to correct
many errors and misrepresentations contained in the text of
the Memoirs, but have also derived important information
with respect to collateral events and transactions, which enter
into the Scottish history at the period of this work. 1 It is
much to be regretted that this interesting annotated copy of
Lockhart cannot now be found.

The financial skill which he had already so frequently dis-
played pointed out Clerk as a fitting person to be concerned
in the management of the Equivalent of ,£-'398,085, 10s. paid
by England in consideration of the increased taxation of Scot-
land and to settle the affairs of the African or ' Darien 1 Com-
pany. He was one of the commissioners appointed to review

xviii

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

the calculations for the Equivalent, made by Professor David
Gregory of Oxford and the celebrated William Paterson ; and
he took an important part in the work of the committee, and
personally conveyed the i?100,000 of retired Bank of England
bills to London.

In the negotiations for the Union and the arrangements
which succeeded it, Clerk had faithfully served his country and
his party, and established his character as a capable and pains-
taking public servant : and when the Scottish Court of Ex-
chequer was founded, in conformity with the Nineteenth Article
of the Treatv, he received his reward, by being appointed
one of its five Barons. During the frequent" absences of the
Chief Baron he acted as president of the Court. The position
was a dignified and remunerative one; and, as it necessitated
attendance during only some three months of the year, it
afforded ample leisure for the prosecution of the Baron's
favourite studies. His appointment was followed by his
marriage to Janet, third daughter of Sir James Inglis, first
baronet of Cramond, a 'most religious, virtuous woman, and
one who, in all respects, might suit my humure and cir-
cumstances to rub through the world in a sober and privat
state of life."

From this period the Baron ceases, for the most part, to be
an actor in the political life of his time ; but his Autobio-
graphy proves that he still watched contemporary history with
a keenly observant eye, and was personally well acquainted
with many of its most prominent figures both in England and
Scotland. Lord Bolingbroke is ' a smart clever man, a good
schollar, and a great Rake;' Harley is 'the late shuffling,
impudent Treasurer; 1 Mar was ' not only my acquaint-
ance, but mv very particular friend ; ' Lord Lovat was ' a man
of a bold, nimbling kind of sense, very vain of his clan, the
Frazers, and read v to sacrifice everything to their interest* —
hardly the verdict pronounced on him by history, which, how-

INTRODUCTION

xix

ever, amply confirms the statement that he ' was all his life a
cunning, double man/

Among the more interesting pages of the Autobiography are
those which contain a detailed record of the Rebellion of 1715,
and an estimate of the causes out of which it arose. Here the
Baron was himself an actor, appearing in arms, along with the
Duke of Argyll, before the citadel of Leith, when it was occu-
pied by the Highlanders. He had intended to draw up a more
elaborate account of the events of this period, for ' Scraps of a
history of the Rebellion 1715, which I intended to have written,' 1
is item Xo. 30 in the Inventory of 1783.

From the Rebellion we pass to the Mississippi Scheme, into
which the writer enters very fully, with the freshness of a con-
temporary and personally interested authority. He was an
' Adventurer for 200 lbs. stg. of the capital stock, and lost
thereby about 400 lbs. stg. However, I reckoned it no
small happiness to my Family that I got so well off', for some
of my particular friends and Acquaintances in Scotland were
quite ruined by it. 1 He was ' particularly acquainted with I\Ir.
Law,' ' a man full of projects, and of a very fertile clear head.*

Next follow accounts of the attempted invasion from Dun-
kirk in 1744, and of the Continental wars in which Britain was
concerned ; and we reach the Rebellion of 1745, which occu-
pies some twenty very readable pages. On the approach of
the rebels to Edinburgh, the Baron, then an old man of nearly
seventy, retired, with his wife and eldest daughter, to Eng-
land ; but his second son, George, served in the royal army,
and James, his eldest son, fought bravely at Falkirk. He re-
turned in time to attend the Prince of Hess, at Holyrood; but,
in his absence, the Highlanders, '16 or 20 at a time," were
quartered in Penicuik House, and he was mulcted of 6000
stones of hay and 76 boles of oats, to the value of about
£200.

The public events with which the remaining pages of the

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Autobiography deal are chiefly those connected with the mili-
tary operations on the Continent and in America.

But the record which the Baron gives of his own personal
pursuits is not less interesting than his remarks upon contem-
porary national history. Apart from his duties in the Court
of Exchequer, his life was very equally balanced between the
things of active practical endeavour, and the placid contem-
plative pursuit of the study of literature, antiquities, and art.
He was fond of a country life, and of the employments
and relaxations proper to a landed proprietor ; a keen sports-
man, devoted to riding, fond of angling, never missing ■ the
pouting , in due season, and enjoying his game of curling in
the winter — as is witnessed by his ' stones,' still preserved at
Penicuik House. But he derived quite as keen enjoyment from
the closest application to all the practical details of the
management of his various estates, and was never weary of
adding to their acres by purchase, and of improving them by
planting and by the development of their minerals. During
by far the greater part of his life he resided in the country,
riding in, daily, the six or seven miles to Edinburgh, from
Penicuik or Mavisbank, when the Court of Exchequer was in
session. He was firmly convinced that the first dutv of an
owner of land is to reside on his estate and exercise the
closest supervision over his property and his dependants ; and
in his ' Scheme of Improvements ' referred to in Additional
Note R., he is most emphatic in his advice that the owners
of Penicuik should always reside there — 'We ought to be
Strangers at Edinr. and Mavisbank and all other places.
God grant that it may be so." 1 In his earlier years the
estate of Penicuik was little more than a bare upland waste —
the mansion-house stands more than seven hundred feet above
the sea-level ; but in 1703, at his father's instigation, he
commenced to form plantations ; no year passed, during the
rest of his life, without some progress being made, in

INTRODUCTION

xxi

this direction, there and on his other properties ; and it is
mainly to his labours that the present richly wooded and ex-
quisitely varied appearance of the Penicuik estate is due. His
minute and detailed accounts of planting, building, construct-
ing ponds, sinking coal-mines, and other improvements will
possess considerable interest for those readers who have studied
the material progress and condition of our country. In his
various expeditions in Scotland and England he travelled
always with open and observant eyes ; whether examining the
coal-pits at Whitehaven, or drinking ' the Goat Whey 1 in
the Highlands, he was continually noting the capabilities of
the country and the social and industrial condition of its in-
habitants ; and the knowledge which he acquired in this
way and in the personal management of his own property,
must have rendered him a valued member of the Board of
Manufactures, of which lie was appointed a commissioner in
1727.

But Sir John Clerk was no mere country laird, wholly
immersed in material things ; his nature was far too wide,
his mind far too cultured, for any danger of this ; his ' spirit 1
in no wise ' lacked all life behind, all stray thoughts,
fancies fugitive, all loves except what trade' — and merely
practical things — 4 can give. 1 There was a wide margin in his
life for the quite unremunerative, yet truly satisfying, things
of culture, art, and scholarship.

We have seen that he studied drawing in Leyden ; and
the numerous sketches still preserved, out of a far greater
number that he executed while abroad, prove that he used his
pencil with a facility and an accuracy rather uncommon in an
amateur at the period. The Autobiography contains no
indication that he continued the practice of graphic art in
later life ; but a few sketches preserved among the Clerk papers
such as the designs for fountains at Penicuik and DumcriefF,
indicate that the pursuit was never wholly abandoned.

xxn

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

' Music,' he tells us, ' had always great charms with me,"' and he
continued to be a performer upon the harpsichord till nearly the
age of fifty, when his slightly weakened eyesight, necessitating
the use of spectacles, warned him to desist. His pen was
never idle, as is amply witnessed by the immense number of still
existing unpublished manuscripts in his handwriting, and of
transcripts by amanuenses, dealing with the great variety of
social, political, philosophical, and antiquarian subjects, of
which the most important is his Latin history of Britain,
frequently referred to in the Autobiography. And these are
but the surviving portions of a vast mass of manuscript pro-
ductions which he destroyed during his lifetime.

Towards poetry, ' both in Latine and English,'' he ' had a
great inclination; 'but I curbed as much as I cou'd these salies
of fancy, as what I thought inconsistent with the gravity of a
judge, and a man of business. 1 That he restrained his impulses
in this direction will hardly be regretted by any one who has
perused his manuscript 'poem in Milton's way, 1 'The Country
Seat. 1 A somewhat higher level is reached in the lines ' Harmoni-
ous pipe, how I envye the bliss,' which he is said to have enclosed
in a flute which lie sent to Susanna, daughter of Sir Archibald
Kennedy, of Culzean, afterwards third wife of Alexander, Earl
of Eglintoune (see Anderson's Scottish Nation, vol. i. p. 653),
and in the lines with which he continued the initial verse of
the old son<r : —

'O merry may the maid be
That marries the miller/

which will be found in Johnson's Musical Museum, vol. ii.
p. 129. Among the pieces preserved in manuscript at Peni-
cuik House are 4 A Song on Friendship, 1 'An Epick Madrigal
on Squire Robert's Hunting Expedition, into the North
of England, in July 1749, 1 and a political 'Ballad to the
Tune of Faction no More; 1 and his muse did not disdain the

INTRODUCTION

xxiii

humblest of subjects and occasions, for among the Baron's
papers is a curious ' Prologue to Punch's Farce — For the
Bairns at Pennycuik, 1731. 1

But it was in the study of the classics that lie found his con-
stant and never-failing delight. At thirty-two he tells us that
' all my leisure houres were spent in books. 1 At thirty-eight
we find him carefully reading over ' all the Roman Classicks, 1
and making ' very large excerps, from them all, particularly
from Livy and Salust, whom I was chiefly to imitat in my
History of Great Britain in Latin. 1 At seventy-two he records
that i I may truly say that I was never so happy as when
learning something out of a book ; 1 he ' read the Greek and
Roman Classicks with great diligence, and still discovered new
beuties in them ; 1 and we have a pleasing glimpse of the good
old man, 'this day being the 19th day of jam, 1748, 1 'reading
over Horace De Arte Poetica, which lam persuaded I have read
50 times before. 1 The practical and masterful human sense of
the great Latin authors was excellently congenial to the
Baron's own temperament, and aided in knitting into double
strength his stout Scottish nature. When, in 1730, he intrusts
his sons Patrick and Henry to the Haddington schoolmaster,
lie has 'no particular thing to recommend save one, on which
all parents ought to joyn with me, that is, that my boys be
brought up in the old Greek and Roman way. . . . This
sort of Education fitted all their youth to the management of
their sacred and civil concerns.' As old age approaches, and
he feels the first touches of its frailties, he cheers himself and
takes courage as he quotes the ' Obsta 1 of Seneca ; and the
wisdom of pagan philosophers mingles with the counsels of
Christianity, as he braces himself to meet the last ills and
trials of mortal life.

Sitting so reverently as he did at the feet of the ancients, so
devoted a student of their written words, it was natural that
he should prize and study such tangible and concrete relics of

xxiv

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

the past as have been preserved to us from classic times : and
his archaeological tastes must have been greatly fostered by his
residence as a youth in Italy, whose antiquities he describes at
great length in his >rs. volumes of Travels, and by the instruc-
tion of men like Gronovius of Leyden, and Chaprigni of Rome.
He was fortunate too, in the fact that both his Midlothian and
his Dumfriesshire properties were situated in districts rich in
camps and other memorials of the Roman occupation. His
excavations at Cramond and various localities near Penicuik, as
well as at Middlebie, resulted in the discovery of many interest-
ing remains of antiquity, the majority of which are still in
Penicuik House, while some, through the generosity of one of
his successors, have gone to enrich the Scottish National
Museum of Antiquities. At folios 139-141 of the Autobio-
graphy will be found an account, only too brief, of his expedi-
tion in 1724, to the Roman Wall, in company with the
celebrated Alexander Gordon, author of the Itinerarhtm Sep-
tentrionale, of whom he was a most helpful and appreciative
patron : and he corresponded upon antiquarian subjects with
the Earl of Pembroke, Roger Gale, William Gilpin, Dr.
Stukeley, and other leading English virtuosos of the time,
through whose influence he was elected a member of the Society
of Antiquaries, and of the Royal Society. He was also a mem-
ber of the Gentlemen's Society of Spalding ; and of the Peter-
borough Society, to which he made a communication on 1st
July 1742, regarding ' the unseasonable colds of the late
years, 1 which he conjectures 'to be owing to the great spots on
the surface of the sun, many of which are much larger than
the whole globe of our earth, which must needs take off both
from its light and heat.* 1

His writings upon antiquities have still a value, though the
wider and sounder knowledge on such subjects that is now

1 Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, vol. vi. p. 139.

INTRODUCTION

XXV

possible, may lead us to question some of his conclusions, to
feel that he is far from infallible in his judgments. Indeed,
according to Lockhart, 1 the immortal episode of ' the Prae-
torium, 1 in The Antiquary, is little more than the simple record
of an incident at Dumcrieff in which the Baron played an
important part, as related to the novelist by John Clerk of
Eldin, the son of Sir John, and father of Scott's close friend,
William Clerk ; and doubtless ; many traits 1 of the Baron
were " embroidered on the character of George Constable in
the composition of Jonathan 01dbuck." > But, at least, the
Baron was a sincere and reverent lover of antiquity, a true
antiquary who did much to further the pursuit in our country ;
and those whose sympathies are rather with things Gothic
than with things classic will be grateful to him as the pre-
server — one is glad to say, not the restorer — of Roslin
Chapel. 2

The most adequate idea of the widely varied interests that
occupied the Baron may be gathered from his extensive corre-
spondence with Gale — to which I have so frequently referred
in footnotes — printed in Nichols" Bibliotlieea Topographicu,
{Reliquiae Galeancc), No. n. Parts ii. and iii. Here we find
him discoursing on antiquities of all kinds, on the flight of wild
fowls, on comets and eclipses, on coal mines, on Scottish mosses
and the ' subterranean Oakes -1 which they contain, on the
Highlanders and their language. Interesting letters, dated
22nd June and 5th August 1743, record the destruction of
4 Arthurs Oon, 1 ' demolished lately here by Sir Michael Bruce
of Stonehouse, near Falkirk," 1 and recommend that 4 the Anti-

1 Lockhart seems to have fallen into considerable confusion between the
Baron, Sir John, and his son, John Clerk of Eldin. — See Life of Scott, pp. 41
and 332 (ed. of 1S45), tne latter indexed as ' Clerk, Sir John, Antiquarian,
anecdote of,' but only Clerk of Eldin's name being mentioned in the text. See
also W ilson's Re?)iinisceitces of Old Edinburgh, vol. ii. chap, xviii. , which con-
tains an interesting sketch of the Baron in his aspects as an antiquarian.

'-' See Additional Note O.

xxvi

JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

quarian Society in London should order a fine print to be made
of, 1 ' for thus a Goth's memory may be preserved as well as
the figure of that ancient fabric. 1 ' We all curse him [Bruce]
with bell, book, and candle ; but there is no remedy except
what we have from some accurate descriptions of it given by
Dr. Stuckely and others. 1 How keen was the Baron's interest
in the structure and grief for its demolition is evinced in a
copy of an unpublished letter to Gordon, dated 12th April
1754, preserved among the Clerk papers, in which he avers, ' I
wish I could have redeemed it at the expence of 1000 guineas. 1
A restoration of ' Arthur's Oon 1 was erected by Sir James, his
son and successor, near Penicuik House.

So far as I have discovered, the above-mentioned corre-
spondence with Gale comprises all the Baron's letters that
have been published ; with the exceptions of a letter to
Maurice Johnston, dated 11th January 1741-2, containing
' observations on burning of the dead, the British language,
obelisks, circular stones, etc., 1 published in the Bibliothcca
Topographica, No. n. Part ii. p. 71 ; of two long letters on
' the Sepulchres and Funeral Rites of the Ancients in Britain, 1
addressed to Gale — the first of which was read before the
Society of Antiquaries — printed in the appendix to Gordon's
Itinerarium; of a brief letter to Gale, dated 6th November
1731, on the effect of thunder on trees, and on the discovery
of the horn of a deer in the heart of an oak, printed in the
Philosophical Transactions, vol. xli. ; and of three short undated
notes — published in the New Scots Magazine, November 1829
— to James Anderson, editor of the Diplomata Scotia?, etc.,
furnishing him with introductions to the Chief Baron and to-
Baron Scrope, and expressing the fear that he should be obliged
to decline purchasing a collection of books. ' I have a great
family to provide for ; and so I fancy I have the same reason
to forbear setting up a great library that vou have for dispos-
ing of one. 1

INTRODUCTION

xxvii

The other printed writings of Baron Clerk are : —

Two pamphlets, published in 1703, and referred to at folio
48 of the Autobiography as ' against diminishing the antient
prerogatives of the Crown,' 1 and an * essay upon the intended
Limitations." As already stated, I have been unable to dis-
cover these pamphlets, or to verify their titles.

A Letter to a Friend giving an Account of hoz^ the Treaty
of Union has been received here, and wherein are contained some
remarks upon what has been written by Mr. H. and Mr. R.,
Edinburgh, printed in the year mdccvi, 4to, referred to at
folio 78 of the Autobiography as a pamphlet, ' under the Title
of Some considerations on the Articles of the Union."' It has
been usually attributed, in error, to De Foe — see Additional
Note G, — Pamphlets attributed to Sir John Clerk.

An Essay upon the xv Article of the Treaty of Union, wherein
the Difficulties that arise upon the Equivalents arc fully Cleared
and Explained. Printed in the year mdccvi, 4to. See Auto-
biography, folio 78, and note 2 there.

Historical View of the Forms and Powers of the Court of
Exchequer in Scotland, 4to. This was written by Clerk and
Baron Scrope in 1726, but was not printed till 1S20, when it
was issued for private circulation by the Barons of Exchequer,
under the editorship of Sir Henry Jardine, W.S., the King's
Remembrancer. This work is not referred to in the Autobio-
graphy.

Dissertatio de Stylis Vetcrum ct Diversis Chartarum Gcneribus,
4to, pamphlet. This, which contains an engraving of the
writing implements of the ancients, bears no date, place of
publication, or author's name, but we learn from the Bibliotheca
Topographica, No. n. Part iii. p. 298, that it was printed in
1731. An abridgment of it, in English, was read before the
Royal Society by Roger Gale on 4th March of that year, and
printed in the Philosophiccd Transactions, vol. xxxvii. The
whole work, in Latin, with the plate re-engraved, was included

xxviii

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

in the third volume of the Supplements to the Thesauri of
Graevius and Gronovius, edited by Joannes Polenus, Venice,
1737 fol. This tract is not referred to in the Autobiography.

An Account of' the Observations of th e late Solar Eclipse made
at Edinburgh, on Feb. lHth, 1736-7, by the Honorable Sir John
Cleric, Bart., one of the Barons of h is Majesty s Exchequer there,
and F.R.S., communicated by Roger Gale, Esq., F.S.A., and
published in the Philosophical Transactions, No. 447, January
to May 1738.

Dissertatio de Monumentis quibusdam Romanis in Boreali
Magna? Britannia: parte dctectis anno mdccxxi, Edinburgh 1750,
4to, with an engraved frontispiece. Written in 1743. See
Autobiography, marginal and footnotes to folios 155-56, and
folio 193. An account, in English, by the Baron, of the statue
of Brigantia and two altars found at Middlebie, had been pub-
lished by Gordon in the ' Additions and Corrections 1 to his
Itinerarhim, in 1732.

It is to be observed that the pamphlet Money and Trade
considered . . . attributed to Clerk in the Catalogue of the
Advocates' Library, and in the Dictionary of National
Biography, was written by John Law. See Additional Note G.

The Autobiography is continued till the end of 1754, the
year preceding that of the Baron's death. In its later pages
we see its writer suffering under the pressure of domestic
calamities and of the increasing infirmities of old age ; but
striving, not without success, to bear all his ills with calmness,
and to possess his soul in patience. In 1742 his son, Patrick,
died at the siege of Carthagena. His loss was deeply felt by
his father, and it poignantly recalled the death of his eldest
son — whom his half-brother especially resembled — which had
been the great grief of the Baron in middle life, as the death of
that son's mother, Lady Margaret, had been the chief sorrow of
his earlier years. The loss of Patrick was followed by that of his
twin-brother, Henry, who died in the East Indies, of a lingering

INTRODUCTION

XXIX

disorder, in 1745. The old man himself was attacked by severe
fits of sickness ; ' they were, I thank God, but very short, but
the pins of my Earthly Tabernacle were sadly loused and
shattered with them. ... I did the best I coifd to con-
ceal these Infirmities from my friends, and especially from
strangers, who, I saw, were gaping for my office to some of
their Friends. I expect nothing but bad days and bad health,
yet I must keep up my mind and do the best I can to appear
content ; but how can this be when I feel my body a kind of
burden to me, and the pleasures I once had quite gone ? . . .
I strive to amuse myself in different ways, but the efforts I use
— for instance, to go a-fishmg or shooting — are in a manner
useless, so that I am actually dropping into the grave ; but
happy I am in this, that I resign my life to God who gave it,
and only wait patiently till my change come ; 1 and he con-
gratulates himself that he is not like some men of his age
that he had known, who 'are angry at all the world. 1 In
1752 he tells us, ' I began to feel a great languor and a kind of
medietas vita?, so that I may say, as Caesar did, emori nolle scd
dc vita, nihil euro but in 1753, at the age of seventy-eight, he
records : ' I continue to have a great relish for books, tho 1 I
seem to forget as fast as I read. Where then can I have my
best refuge but in God himself, to whom I commit all my con-
cerns ? 1 Finally, the Autobiography closes with a curious
dietetic note, which has in it a touch of the grotesque that
sometimes obtrudes itself so unexpectedly, so incongruously,
into the midst of the very gravest things of our poor human life.

No particulars of the Baron during the following year have
been preserved, till we come to the final entry in the Scots
Magazine for 1755: ' Oct r 4. At his seat of Pennycuik, Sir
John Clerk of Pennycuik, one of the Barons of the Exchequer.
He had been Baron since the union in 1707. He is succeeded
in estate, and the title of Baronet, by his eldest son, James."'

As will be obvious from even such a slight and imperfect

XXX

JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIHS

sketch of its contents as I have been able to give above, the
Autobiography contains much of value in connect on with the
history and condition of Scotland, and the nanners and
customs of its inhabitants during the first half of tie eighteenth
century. But the piece of antiquity which it presents most
clearly to our view is the Baron himself; it is his picture that
is painted in fullest details in the following Dages. The
Autobiography has all the merit and the interes; of a frank
and an intimate self-disclosure. It was intended to be read
only by his family and a restricted circle of frieids ; but Sir
George Clerk, in consideration of the historical vJue that in-
creasing years have given to the manuscript, has yielded to the
request that he should permit its publication for the use of the
members of the Scottish History Society ; a Society with whose
aims — had he lived to see its establishment — the good anti-
quarian Baron would certainly have been in most substantial
sympathy. It is to be borne in mind that the manuscript was
written without the precision and care for style vhich would
certainly have been bestowed had publication bem intended ;
and I cannot doubt that those who peruse it will come — as I
have done — to entertain very friendly and kindh feelings for
its writer, this stout old Scottish Baronet and Jutb;e.

I have to express my thanks for much assistmce received
while editing the manuscript, especially from Mj. T. Graves
Law and Mr. W. G. Scott-Moncrieff. The notes which these
gentlemen have supplied are indicated by their initials. I am
grateful to the Dowager Lady Clerk for kindly affording every
facility for search among the Baron's unclassified manuscripts
preserved at Penicuik House, and to Mr. Thomas Ross for
executing a drawing of Mavisbank House speciilly for this
volume. Among the other helpers to whom my thinks are due,
for information and aid of various kinds, I may nention the
Earl of Southesk, Mr. G. L. Ryder, C.B., the Rev. Dr. W. H.

INTRODUCTION

xxxi

GoolcL the Rev. Father Oswald Hunter Blair, Dr. Richard
Garnett, Dr. Thomas Dickson, Dr. A. Rowand, Mr. A. Wedder-
burn Maxwell, Mr. J. T. Clark, Professor Patrick Geddes, Mr.
Archibald Steuart, Mr. J. R. Menzies, Messrs. J. and F.
Anderson, Messrs. Winchester and Ferguson, Mr. Victor A.
Noel Paton, and Mr. C. Birnie.

J. M. G.

Scottish National Portrait Gallery,
7th Xovember 1892.

THE HISTORY OF MY LIFE

EXTRACTED FROM A JOURNAL I WAS ALWAYS IN
USE TO KEEP, AND INTERSPERSED WITH SHORT
ACCOUNTS OF THE MOST REMARKABLE PUBLICK
AFFAIRES THAT HAPNED IN MY TIME, ESPECIALLY
SUCH AS I HAD SOME IMMEDIATE CONCERN IN.

JOHN CLERK.

This Manuscript is never to be lent out, but to
remain with my Heirs and Successors, for even things in
it which are really trifles, may be of great use to some of
my posterity.

THE BIRTHS OF MY CHILDREN BY MY WIFE
JENNET INGLIS.

James Clerk, born December 2 th , 1709.

Henry Clerk, born November 27, 1710.

Anne Clerk, born June 4 th , 1712.

Betty Clerk was born August 10 th 1713.

George Clerk was born October 31 st 1715.

Jean Clerk was born February 5 th 1717.

Patrick and Henry Clerks was (sic) born October 5 th 1718.

Mary Clerk was born August 28 th 1720.

William Clerk was born March 19 th 1722.

Joanna Clerk was born March 10 th 1724.

Babie Clerk was born October 17 th 1725.

Jennet was born 10 Agust 1727.

John was born 10 Decemb r 1728.

Mathew, born 15 March 1732.

Adam, born May 1737. 1

N.B. — Having consulted some of the Antiquaries of Wales, for the
derivation of the word Penicuik I had an answer on the 5 of March 1745
to this effect :— That ye word Penicuik was an old British name consist-
ing of 3 words, pen y quick, which signified Head of a Grove or Wood.

This I take to be the true derivation, for, in some of the Antient writs
and charters, the word is written Penicuik.

Some of our Scots Highland Antiquares thought it signified Mojis
Cuculi, for that cuick was the Irish name for Cuculus, but then they
knew not what to make of Pen, and therefore they derived it from Ben,
a hill, as Ben Lomont ; but the old British Etymology is more proper
and certain, for Pen signifies a Head ; besides, the village of Penicuik
realy stands at the head of a Grove or Wood. So that the true English
of the word Penycuik is Woodhead. 2

1 Douglas mentions only seven sons and six daughters, omitting Mary and
William, both of whom died young, and giving only one Henry.

2 ' The name Penicuik signifies, in the British tongue, Hill of the Gowk or
Cuckoo, a circumstance which suggested to a versifier in the Scots Magazine
the subject of a clever poetical effusion styled " The Gowk and the Mavis." ' —
Chambers's Peeblesshire, p. 483, note.

MEMOIRS OF MY LIFE, extracted from
Journals I kept since I was 26 years of
^g e - John Clerk.

Kota. — This book may be read by all my friends in the
House of Pennicuik, but is never to be lent or carried out of
the House.

As these Memoirs can be of no other use but to satisfy they**
curiosity of my Relations and dependants I shall write them
with the same negligence of style that so many trifeling occur-
rences may deserve, and, with a view to a ll this, I absolutely
prohibite and discharge any of my Posterity from lending them i
or dispersing them abroad. They are to remain in the House
of Pennicuik, or such other place as they can best be keept.

Having nothing to boast of as to 'the Antiquity of my
Family, 2 which, by-the-bye, I have always laugh t at in others,
I shall trace my mean Progenitors no farther back than about

1 So marked in the MS.

- Douglas traces the Clerks of Penicuik as most probably descended from
'John Clerk, one of the hostages for King David's ransom in 1357 ... a mer-
chant, and the most considerable man of that town (Montrose). And it appears
"by their Council books that the Clerks were the chief magistrates of that burgh
for some centuries thereafter; of whom are descended the immediate ancestor of
his family, viz. :— I. William Clerk, merchant, burgess of Montrose, who lived
in the reigns of Queen Mary and King James VI., and, dying about the year
1620, left issue, a son,— II. John Clerk, who was baptised by the Bishop of
Caithness at Fettercairn, 22d December 161 1.' The last statement is made on
the authority of the Records of the Kirk-Session, but these are now lost.
' He was bred a merchant, and was a man of parts and spirit.' The Bishop of
Caithness at this time was Alexander Forbes, M.A., appointed rector of Fetter-
cairn 1588, 'son of John Forbes of Ardmurdo, descended from Forbes of Brux,
obtained his degree at the University of St. Andrews in 1585, promoted to the
bishoprick of Caithness in 1606, but held this charge in conjunction and after-
wards with the bishoprick of Aberdeen, having been a member of eight out of
the ten Assemblies, from 24th April 1593 to 10th November 1602. He died
at Leith, 14th December 1617, aged about 53, in 29th min.'— Scott's Fasti.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[156S-

the 1568. At that time my Grandfather's Grandfather, John
Clerk, was possessed of the lands of Kilehuntley, a Feu of the
Duke of Gordon in Badenoch. He hapned to take part with
Queen Mary of Scotland against his superior, and on that
account was obblidged to fly that country and take shelter in
See... folio Aberdeenshire 1 in a little Town called Fettercairn. Here he
S d Edin., P . rinted lived with his Family many years; how he traded I never cou d
page 337 in i earn uu t he lived creditably, and was sufficiently able to breed

which I hav ad- ~ • •»*- ■ i x • j

jected this up his son William, a Merchant in Montrose, and to provide

circumstance. •. • .,1 1 , 1

him with a good stock.

This William continued a Merchant in that Town so long
as he lived, and bred up his son John Clerk, 2 my Grandfather,
foi. 2 . in the same occupation, j He gave him afterwards a stock and

sent him to Paris, where he continued many years, and gained,
for those days, a considerable fortune, for he returifd to Scot-
land in the vear 1646 possessed with at least ten thousand lib.
ster.

When he came first home he had no other intention than
to return to France 3 after he had established a good corre-
spondence with the merchants of his own Country, but having
married my Grandmother, Mary Gray, 4 he by Little and Little
found his mind alienated from France, and so resolved to settle
here, give over all Trade, and become a Country Gentleman.

The lady I mentioned was Daughter of Sir William Gray, 5 a

1 Fettercairn is situated in Kincardineshire.

2 See Illustration No. II., from a miniature in the possession of Sir George
Clerk, dated 1644, painted in oils on a small oval slab of blood-stone. A life-
sized copy, by Aikman and another portrait of John Clerk, a full length, stated
to be the work of De Wit, are also in the possession of Sir George.

5 ' Nota. — My grandfather, John Clerk, upon some disgust in this country, had
an intention to have returned again to France, and had actually imbarqued his
wife and children for that purpose, but being detain'd by contrary winds in the
Road of Leith for some days, he changed his resolution and returned to Edinb r , and
afterwards bought the lands of Penicuik in 1654, so near was the family of being
French.' — Isolated note in the Barons handwriting in the possession of the family.

4 See Illustration No. III., from a miniature in the possession of Sir George
Clerk, who has also a life-sized copy of it by Miss Ann Forbes.

5 According to Crawford, Sir William Gray of Pittendrum was son of Thomas
Gray of Brighouse. He acquired great wealth as a merchant, and extended the
foreign trade of the country. For corresponding with Montrose he was fined
100,000 merks by the Parliament of St. Andrews, and was imprisoned in the
Castle and Tolbooth of Edinburgh till the amount was reduced to 35,000 merks,

JOHN CLIZRK
Grandfather of Baron Sir John Clerk

HIS ANCESTORS

Cousin of the Lord Gray, and -whose son, the Master of Gray, 1
married the Heiress of the family of Gray, from whom the
present Lords of Gray are descended.

In 1654 my said Grandfather 2 bought the Baronie of Penni-
cuik. It had formerly belonged to many Heretors, but the
Lairds of Pennicuik possessed the greatest part of it. This
was a pretty old famely, but at that time became extinct.
They held the Baronie of Pennicuik, or at least the lands they
possessed in it, of the Croun paying in rcdendo of 3 blasts of a
Horn which continues to this day. 3 There were 3 or 4 more

which he paid. A sum of .£10,000 stg. was also extorted from him as a loan,
and never repaid. He married Egidia, sister of Sir John Smith of Grothill and
King's Cramond, Provost of Edinburgh, by whom he had six sons and twelve
daughters.

1 William Gray, Master of Gray, eldest son of the above mentioned Sir
William, received from his father 232,000 merks on his marriage to Anne,
Mistress of Gray, eldest daughter of Andrew, eighth Lord Gray. He com-
manded a regiment in the army of Charles II. at the battle of Worcester, and
was killed in a duel, near London, by the Earl of Southesk, in August 1660,
in the lifetime of his father. — Douglas's Peerage.

- See Additional Note A, Barony of Penicuik.

s The hunting-horns in the arms of the family of Pennicuik of that Ilk have
doubtless reference to this tenure ; and the crest and one of the two mottoes of
the Clerks of Penicuik seem to have been adopted for the same reason. In
1672-76), ' John Clerk of Pennicook' matriculated his arms in the Lyon Register
as ' Or, a fess chickie azur and argent betwixt two crescents in chief gules and
a Boar's head couped in Base sable : above the shield ane helmet befitting his
degree, mantled gules doubled argent Next is placed for his crest issuing out of
the Torse a demi-man winding a horn proper The motto on an F.scroll, Amat
victoria curam.' In this Register Sir George Clerk matriculated, in 1807,
the same arms, with the same motto, ' on a compartment below the shield,'
but with the addition ' above the crest ' of a second motto, 1 Free for a Blast,'
and of the supporters that are still used, — ' On the dexter side a Naked Savage
wreathed about the middle with oak leaves holding in his exterior hand a Bow,
with a Quiver full of arrows slung over his shoulder and the skin of a wild beast
hanging behind his back, all proper ; on the sinister side a Druid priest with a
flowing beard proper vested and hooded argent holding in his exterior hand a
branch of Oak accorned proper. ' The second motto, ' Free for a Blast,' was, how-
ever, used by the family long before this date. It is the only motto assigned
to the Clerks of Penicuik in Douglas's Baronage ; and it appears alone on
the fine Ex Libris plate of the family which we print on the final page of this
volume (where it maybe noticed that the fess is given as 'argent and azure, 5
instead of ' azure and argent ') : and in two ovals of painted glass, preserved in
Penicuik House, displaying the Clerk arms, and dated 1675, tne motto 'Amat
victoria curam,' on a scroll above the crest, has been carefully removed with acid,
and the motto * Free for a Blast ' substituted.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1654-

of Duntreathi St o en ^ enien "ho possessed the rest of the Baronie, as a son of
between Edin. the House of Roslin in Wester and Easter Ravensneuck, 2 a
Laird in the Halls,

and Bred-
burns, near
... stone still
remaining
called the ...
Stone.

fol. 3.

one at Bruntstane 4 and one at Cairnhill. 5
These lands became vested in the persone of a Countess of
Eglintoun from whom they were bought. |

There were several Houses in the Raronie, but my Grand-
father made choise of the House of Newbiging, 6 which he
repaired and made some additions to it about the year 1666,
so that at that time, being dressed up with two Battlements
covered with lead, it became the best house of the shire of
Edin., a great many others were afterwards built which
excelled it, but here my Grandfather, my Father, and my
self have lived for the most part these many years.

But to return to my Grandmother, Mary Gray. I have
been credibly informed that she was a persone of great Vertue
and Fietv, but died about the Age of 36.

1 ' In the deed, dated 20th February 1591. confirming the succession of Andrew
Penycukis to his father, Sir John, the reddendo is described as " Six blasts of a
flowing horn on the common moor of Edinburgh, of old called the forest of
Drumselch, at the king's hunt on the said moor, in name of blench." In every
other charter which I have read the number of blasts is mentioned as three. It
is not unlikely that a clerical error may be an explanation of this discrepancy.' —
Wilson's Annals of Policial;, p. 140. The Buckstone, upon which the pro-
prietor of the barony of Penicuik is bound by his tenure to sit and wind three
blasts of a horn when the king shall come to hunt on the Boroughmuir, is on
the road between Edinburgh and Biggar, near the entrance to Mortonhall. The
tenure is referred to by Sir Walter Scott in ' The Gray Brother '—

' That fair dome, where suit is paid
By blast of bugle free.'

- ( This summer I bought from Mr. Sinclare of Roslin the superiority of the
lands of Carnhill, Easter and Wester Ravensnuck, all which are parts of the
Barony of Pennicuik.' See present MS., folio 154.

3 Halhous (Halls) is included in the Sasine in favour of the Countess of
Eglintoun, 4th September 1647.

4 The lands of Brunstane were in 1373 granted by Sir David de Penicok to
his cousin, William de Creichtoune. They are included in the Sasine in favour
of the Countess of Eglintoun, 1st September 1646.

6 See note above, No. 2. The lands of Cairnhill are specified among those
which Dame Jean Ross, Lady Innes, and her niece, Margaret Hepburn, received
as heirs-portioners of the Countess of Eglintoun.

G See Illustration No. IV., from a drawing by John Clerk of Eldin. De-
molished when the present mansion of Penicuik House was erected in 1761,
upon a closely adjoining site. Sir John gives a curious account of the estate and
old house of Penicuik in a letter to Boerhaave. See Additional Note B.

HIS ANCESTORS

She bore my Grandfather at death 16 1 children, and all of
them were very well provided for. I have heard it said that
the youngest of them had at least 1200 lib. ster.

My Grandfather lived till his age of 63, and was an excellent
occonomist, tho he keept always a very hospitable house.

He was particularly exact in business, and if he had not given
over his Trade too soon he might have been immensely rich,
for by many of his books which are still in the charter house
of Pennicuik 2 he appears to have been a man of great sense
and great application to business. 3

He was a strong little man about 5 foot 5 inches, but in
his elder years was vastly troubled with the Gravel, and died
of a kind of Palsey.

My Father, John Clerk, was married to my Mother,
Elizabeth Hendersone, in the year 1674. She was the only
daughter of Mr. Henry Hendersone of Elvingstone, in East
Lothian, a Doctor of Physick. | Her Mother was Elizabeth foi. 4.
Drummond, 4 Daughter of Mr. William Drummond of Haw-
thornden, 5 the Historian and Poet, a man of an excellent
Genius for the times he lived in. The Doctor's Father was
one Mr. Thomas Hendersone, a merchant in Edin., and a
brother of the Hendersons of Fordel in Fife. 0

1 Douglas gives only five sons and five daughters.

- Many of these, and many MSS. of the first Baronet, are still in the posses-
sion of Sir George Clerk.

3 1 He also acquired the lands of Wrightshouses, near Edinburgh, upon which
he got a charter under the great seal from Xing Charles II. (chart, in pub.
archiv.), Johanni Clerk de Pemiicnik, etc. etc., dated 9th March 1664.' These
lands passed to his second son, James, who married a French lady, Mary Ricard.
— Douglases Baronage. From this charter it appears that the lands of Wrights-
houses were granted to John Clerk of Penicuik, with reversion to William
Napier on payment of a sum of ^"10,000 Scots. See Additional Note C,
Wrightshouses.

4 * Of Elizabeth, the only surviving daughter of Drummond the poet, all
that is known is that she married a Dr. Henderson, a physician in Edinburgh,
and was dead long before 1711.' — Masson's Z>rummo?id (London, 1873),
P- 459-

5 In the City of Edinburgh Register, the name of 'William Drummond of
Hawthorndane,' the poet's son, appears, under date 2d March 1675, as one of
the witnesses to the baptism of Elizabeth, the Baron's elder sister. He survived
till 1 7 13, dying at the age of seventy-eight.

6 There is no account in Douglas's Baronage of any Thomas Henderson, a
brother of a laird of Fordel.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1679-

with the price
I bought the
Lands of
Cammo.

... reasone
was when my
Grandfather
was a Merchant
in Paris he ...
that a French or
foreign Educa-
tion hurtfull
to ... in the
tending to
corrupt their
morals ...
fol. 5-

ruine their
Estates.
N.B. the Earl
of Lawderdaie
was Colonel.

My Grandfather the Doctor was a very phylosophical man,
but a man of good learning and very great piety, for he used
always to pray to his patients as well as prescribe Medicines
for them. I have seen many Translations of the Psalms by
him in Latine verse, and some are still bv me.

After his death the lands of Elvingstone fell to me, but lying
at a distance from the place I lived in, I sold them about the
year 1710. 1

My Mother was a persone of singular vertue and religion,
but died in the 25 year of her age, after she had born to my
Father 7 children.

With regard to my Father I need say little, for as he was a
man of great knowledge and application, he has left a great
raanv journals and writings under his hand which will, I hope,
bear testimonv to the regard he always had for religion, vertue,
and Honesty.

The most remarkable steps of his life were these : having been
detained at home by his Father, he did not travel till after
he was married, and after he had two sons and a daughter.

About that time, in the year 1679, 2 he was made a Knight-
Baronet by King Charles the 2nd.

After that, and particularly after the Revolution in 1688,
he was a member of the Parliament of Scotland for the shire
of Edin. j

He served the shire very often as a justice of peace and
Liutenant-Colonel of their Militia Regiment, but never soli-
cited for any publick office.

He managed his affaires with great Frugality, and about the
year 1694 he bought the Baronie of Laswade, 3 and some years
afterwards the Lands of L T tershill, Loanstone, and Pomathorn.

1 In the parish of Gladsmuir. From a copy of the deed of sale, still in the
possession of the family, it appears that this estate was purchased by William
Law, first Professor of Moral Philosophy in the University of Edinburgh. He
figures in the City Records as Mr. Law of Elvingston, and died in 1729.

2 1 By King Charles II. created a baronet by his royal patent to him, — et
hccrcdibus masculise corpore sno, dated 24th March 1679. — Douglas's Baronage,
p. 422.

3 ' Anno 1700, acquired the lands and barony of Leswade, in the shire of
Edinburgh.'— Douglas's Baronage. See Additional Note D, on the Court Book
of the Baronies of Lasswade and Loanhead.

1722]

HIS ANCESTORS

He was one of the strongest men in his* time, but not tall he was finely
in stature, being scarce 5 foot 6 inches. He was at times "onionabie 1 ^ 0
much afflicted with the Gout and the Gravel, but after his ^H%cules S
ao-e of 60 he got pretty free of both these distempers, by ••• shoulders

o-ivinf over the use of all other Liquids but milk and water.

He was a pretty good schollar, and exceedingly knowing in
Divinity.

Tho he had no great humoure of talking, yet I never
knew any body that coifd talk with greater readiness and
propriety.

As he had a very great turn for business, no body wou'd
have made a better Lawer than he, if he had been bred to it.

After the death of my mother, which he lamented for many
years after, he continued a Widower near to 9 or 10 years, and
that lie might bring no extraordinary burdens on his family,
he married Mrs. Christian Kilpatrick, daughter of Mr. James
Kilpatrick, 1 a minister, and of a Gentleman's family. This
Lady had several children to my father, and behaved her self
on all occasions exceedingly well, and with great affection to
me and the rest of my brothers and sisters.

Thev lived constantly in Pennicuik house till j my Father's/^- 6 -
death, which hapned in the 73 year of his age, 1722. He had
what he always wisht for an evOavacrla, for he had a very quiet
and easy death. It came upon him by degrees, and tho in
appearance he w T as pretty well, but a little weak the day before

1 'James Kilpatrick, recommended to the Session of Carrington or Primrose,
in the Presbytery of Dalkeith, by Geo. Lord Ramsay, ist Jan. 1660, " as a
domestic in his own house," was called 15th following, and ord. 2Sth June
thereafter. Deprived by the Act of Pari, nth June, and of Priv. Council ist
Oct. 1662. ... At the Provincial Meeting, 2nd Nov. 1687, Mr. Dav. William-
son was appointed to send the letter of the General Meetings for his (Kil-
patrick's) return from Ireland ; he returned accordingly, on the invitation of the
parishioners, in June, and brought his family in Nov. following ; was allowed to
preach and exercise the other parts of the ministry, by the Committee of Estates,
10th May 1689, without prejudice to the patron's right of patronage ; was restored
by the Act of Parliament 25th April 1690, was a member of the Assemblies
1690, 1692, and died 4th July 1696, in 37th min., having mortified j c merks to
the poor of the par. His funeral sermon was preached on the 5th of said month
by his nephew, Mr. Andrew Rogers, min. of Galston, from Matt. xvi. 24. Mr.
K. marr. 22d Dec. 1691, Helen Kerr, relict of Mr. Geo. Johnstoun, min. of
Newbattle, and had a daugh., Christian, who marr. Sir John Clerk of Penicuik,
Bart.' — Scott's Fasti.

SIR JOHN CLERK S MEMOIRS

[1671-

he died, yet in the night time he sleapt away without the least
groan or complaint, tho his Lady and some of my sisters were
in the room with him. 1

The children who survived him were 2 sons and 8 daughters
by my mother, and 5 sons and 4 daughters by my mother-in-
law, in all 14. 2

I come now to write the chief occurrences of my own Life.

I was born the 8 of feb. 1676, 3 and have reasone to be
thankful to God that tho I be not descended of noble parents
or from an Antient Family, yet I am the son of those who bore
deservedly a very great name for Religion, Vertue, Honour,
and Honesty. I have been at least willing to imitat them in
the whole course of my Life, and I hope bv the blessing of
Heaven these good inclinations will be propagated down to
my posterity.

I was put to the school of Fennicuik after my Mother died,
and found a very careful master in the persone of one Mr.
Alex. Strauchan, only that, according to the bad custome of
these times, he was too severe a disciplinarian. I learnt from
this never to suffer any man to use my children and young
friends as if born to be slaves. Boys who have a Genius for
learning ought to be alured to their Books, and those who
want this Genius ought to be put to Mechanick occupations,

1 'Sir John Clerk had often observed in the course of conversation, that it
would be a very pleasant thing for a person to fall asleep and not awake till he
found himself in Heaven. On the night of his daughter's marriage (to the Rev.
Alex. Moncrieff of Culfargie), or that immediately following, while the young
couple were still in his house, he retired at his usual hour, and some little time
afterwards was followed by Lady Clerk, who found him quite dead, as if in a
pleasant sleep, with his head resting on the palm of his hand.'— Seton's House
of Moncriefl ^1891), p. in. See also folio 127 of the present MS.

2 Douglas in his Baronage mentions only three sons of the 1st Baronet of
Penicuik and Christian Kilpatrick, his second wife, viz., James, Robert, and
Hugh.

3 All the biographies of the second Baronet of Penicuik, including that in the
Dictionary of National Biography, give the date of his birth as 1684. His
baptism appears as follows in the Edinburgh City Register, the entry including
the names of several notable witnesses :— ' 26th February 1676, Mr. John Clerk
of Pennycook. Elizabeth Henderson. A. S. N. John. Witnesses, Kenneth,
Earle of Seaforth ; Earle of Perth ; James, Lord Corstorphine ; Sir Archibald
Primrose, Lord Register ; Doctor Henry Henderson ; Thomas Henderson,
Chirurgian = Apothecarie ; and James Clerk, Brother-german to y e s a Mr. John.'

1 687] BIRTH AND SCHOOL DAYS 11

in which they may become far more useful to j humane society foi. 7 .
than if bred schollars.

With this Mr. Strauchan I learnt Latine, and afterwards
with another master in the same school I was taught Greek. one Mr. Pou....

I spent 7 years at this kind of emploiment, but if in the

meantime I had learnt to write a tollerable hand, the Memoirs I was in a

I am now writeing had been more legible. One thing indeed ^ afwavs fast

contributed mainly to make me write ill, which was an exercise in order to

, J . . , , follow the Ideas

about that time common m schools, to write long notes of of ... mind and

sermons after the Minister. This practise, however, served a f^S badhand

little to fix our attention, and keep us from doing worse things. tho — 1 have

\ ~ ° written more

Here, at school, a very great misfortune befell me about my than most men
age of Thirteen, for a country man's Horse standing sadled p^rticuiary the
and brideled in my way, I got upon him, and as Bovs used to cou ' d

■• J \ * declare ... a

do, I put him to the Gallop, but he proved too headstrong for record he ...

me. I cou'd not command him, and to be free of a precipice have desTroied.

to which he directed his course, I threw my self off", and both

broke and disjointed my right leg. I was brought home in a

very sad condition, and continued in torture and misery for at

least 4 months after. My kind father attended me night and

day, and no assistance was wanted that cou'd be procured by

either physitians or Chyrurgeons, however, I got no benefite

by them till nature perfected the cure, in a word, my leg sweled

so sore at first that it could never be set, and the Tibia being but no bones

not only broken but disjovnted and split, I had several ulcers £f m om -

1 These ulcers

in my leg, which required a great deal time in the cure, might have been
These continued to run for near 6 months, and if it had not opening 0 "'" by
been for the extraordinary carej of Mr. Robt. Clerk, 1 my unckle,/*/. s.
and who was a very expert chvrurgeon, I must have lost my?P!j! an

• by Tents and

leg. I recovered at last, and contented myself with this pledgets as
reflexion, that my misfortune came from the wise hand of pro- practise? the
vidence in order to curb the vast inclinations I had to ram- ^ n r . evis ing all

it i i-i • this ln the 73

blmg and such violent exercises as I cou'd never have indured. vearof my age,

1 Fifth and youngest son of John Cierk, first proprietor of Penicuik ; was
born in 1664, and after studying at home and abroad, practised in Edinburgh
with success. He died 1720. His son, Dr. John Clerk, a still more celebrated
medical man, President of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, 1740,
acquired the lands of Listonshiels and Spittal, Mid-Lothian. — Douglas's
Baronage.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1693-4

I cannot but
approve of
what is here,
it is true that I
never had the
perfect use of
this leg, nor
could and ever
travel on it
above 2 or
3 miles, yet
made a shift
by help of a
good deal ...
to make ...
most purposes
except that of
...cing, for by
the help of a
Horse I can
have to this Age
a very . . . and
was not hinder-
ed others in all
diversions.
About 2 years
ago my ...
grew weaker,
and I ... a con-
stant pain and
distrest at the
joint in walking
about.

fol. 8.

After this misfortune I continued near a year with my
Greek Master at Pennicuik, and then I was sent to the College
of Glasgow. 1

I studied in that place Logicks and Metaphisicks for two
winters, and with great application, but never felt any benefite
by them that I was sensible of, on the contrary, I found them
so hurtful that I many times afterwards repented my having
spent so much of my time upon them, and indeed it cost me
as many years to unlairn what I had learnt at Glasgow. It
was happy for me that my father come to think that I was
doing no good there, and therefor I easily obtained his Liberty
to go over to Holand, and follow my studies at Leyden.

On the 2-1 of Octr. 1794 - I imbarqued on a ship belonging
to the Queen's ferry bound for Rotterdam. My Father brought
me to the ship and left me with tears, but I was so fond of
the vovage that I had verv little regard to the distress I left
him in.

We sail'd and had very rugh weather, but what was worst,
there being a War with France, 3 4 French Privateers came
upon our fleet, which consisted of 90 merchant ships, guarded
by two I Dutch Frigets of 40 guns each. 4 I know not what had
been the event, but being within 50 leagues of the coast of
Holand, we made the best way we cou'd to get into the nearest

1 Among the ' nomina discipulorum tutise classis sub procsidio Magistri
Jacobi Knibloe qui hoc Anno Academiam intrarunt Februarii 28, 1693,' is
' Joannes Clerk primogenitus Domini Johannis Clerk, a Pennicook.'— Muni-
menta Ahne Universitatis Glasgnensh (Glasgow, 1854), vol. iii. p. 152.

2 Clerical error for 1694.

3 The war between France and the 'Grand Alliance,' of which England and
Holland were members. Five months before Clerk sailed for Holland, on the
27th June 1694, the English fleet, under Admiral Rooke, had been defeated in
Lagos Bay, by the French under Tourville. The war was terminated by the
Treaty of Ryswick, 1697, in which Louis xiv. acknowledged William in., and
promised to abstain from countenancing the supporters of James vn.

4 In the opening of the MS. Journal of my Travels Clerk gives a further
account of his voyage, and it may be noted that he states the number of ships
in the fleet in which he sailed differently here :— ' On the 28 of October 1694,
being then 18 years of age, I came from Per.nycook to the Quean's ferry, where
having stayed 3 days for a wind, I went on board a ship called the Dragon,
commanded by one Dundass, who -set sail for Holland in companie of 58 other
merchant ships and two Dutch men of war, the Briol and the Hutson, of 40
guns each.

' After we had been eight days at sea, we discovered on a Sabath morning

1694]

VOYAGE TO HOLLAND

ports. It was towards night when the French Men of War
got up to us. The Dutch ships were ready to engage them ;
however, -A of our coal ships were taken and set on fire in the
night time, after their men had been taken out. I was con-
cern'd at the dismal schene, and wisht I had still been at
Pennicuik ; but then a worse succeeded, for a great Dutch fly
boat run a board of us in the dark, and we were within an
inch of being broken to pieces. Some of our Masts and
riging were damaged, and all our men were on the point of
jumping on board the Dutch vessel, as being of far greater
bulk and strength than ours ; however, it pleased God that we
got free of one another at last.

Next morning we found we were on the coast of Z eland, and
in a few houres after got safe in to Camphire. 1

As Zeland is one of the finest little Islands in the world, it
gave me very great pleasure, and indeed I found the difference
very £reat from it and the country I had left. I staid in it
3 days and surveyed the fine cities of Midleburg and Flush-
ing;. On the 4th and 5th day, by the way of Dort, I came
in a large boat to Rotterdam. I staid here only a day or

Monsieur Jean Du Bart, with a squadron of five men of war, making down upon
us with all the sail he had, but, there being a great calm, we had the good for-
tune, by the help of our boats, to keep our distance from them till the morning ;
then a brisk breeze hapned, which, tho' it gave them the advantage of coming
up with two of our straglers, yet, the night being come, we made a shift
to get quit of them, tho' in great confusion and danger of running down one
another.

' We (were) now at this time upon the coast of Holland, and our ships were
once in danger of being sunk by a Dutch flyboat, and at another of being
stranded upon the shallows near Goeree.

1 Our ships that were taken now burned in the nighttime, for we perceived
them for S hours flaming, their cargoes being coals.

' Our fleet, being thus scattered, was obliged to put into different ports in
Holand, and 12 of our ships, the Dragon being one of them, arrived safely in
Camphire in Zealand.'

The Jean Du-Bart referred to above was a celebrated privateer, born at Dun-
kirk in 1650. He served in the Dutch navy under De Ruyter, and afterwards
became a corsair against Holland. He gained the favour of Louis xiv., entered
his navy, and a medal was struck commemorating his capture of a Dutch convoy
of a hundred vessels laden with corn when France was in danger of famine.
About 1696 he captured another rich Dutch convoy, and carried fifteen vessels
into Dunkirk. He died 1702.

1 Campvere.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1694

two, and went to Leyden, where I began my studies of the
civil law 1 under a very leaned man, Philippus Reinhardus
Vitriarius. 2

I boarded in the house of a learned German, who taught
privately Mathematiks, Phyilosophy, and Musicc, one Sarn-
buchius. 3 Here I spent my time both profitably ai d agreeably,

1 In the Album Studiosorum of the Leyden University the name 'Joannes
Clerk, Scotus, 22, J. Dr.' appears under date of May 14th, 169;, two days after
that on which the writer of the present MS. started on his travels In Germany and
Italy, as he informs us in his MS. Journal of my Travels, vol i. p. 16. The
other Scotsmen whose names are entered in the same year are :—

1 Alexander Wodrouw, Scotus, . . . 22 T.-
David Erskine, ,, . . . 22 J.
Samuel Straten, ,, . . . ' . 21 M.
Thomas Hamilton, ,, . . 20 J.
David Dundas, ,, . . . 22 J.
Franciscus Kinloch, ,, . . . 20 J.
Jacobus Bethun, - ,, . . . 20 J.
Johannes Ogilvius, ,, . . . 24 J.
Jacobus Ross, ,, . . . 22 J.
Johannes Murrowe, ,, . . . 20 J.
Joannes Grant, ,, . . . 25 J.
Joannes Kirkwcod, ,, . . . 23 M.'

— Album Studiosorum academic Lugduno Batava (Haga Comium, 1875). ^ n
his MS. Travels, vol. i. p. 14, Clerk gives the following accomt of the Uni-
versity of Leyden : —

' The fabrick of its famous university consists of one building chiefly, with two
great halls, one above another, and another of a lesser size on tie lowest story.
The whole building is by half not so good as an ordinary countre} church. These
halls serve only for publick lessons and orations ; here are their Graduations and
musick made upon any solemn occasion.

'There are 4 professors of Law, 2 of philosophy and Manematicks, 2 of
Divinity, 2 of Eloquence and history, 2 of Physick, one of Eccleiastick History,
one of Botany, one of Anatomy, one of Chymistry ; but this numoer varies some-
times, as the Curators for the University think fit. These profissors give their
privat Lessons or colleges at their own Lodgings, and have always a large room
for that purpose ; but all of them are oblidged to make a publicl Lesson in their
own way once or twice a week in one of the halls above named.

' The chief of the college is called Rector Magnificus, and is chosen from
among the professors with consent of the Stadtholder of Holand.

' The Anatomy-hall is reckoned the best of its kind of any in Europe, for its
great variety of curiosities.'

s Philip Reinhard Vitriarius, born 1647, was professor of law at Leyden from
1682 to the year of his death, 1720. He was the author of Itstitutiones juris
naturce ci gentium, Jus civile privatum, and other works. — L.

3 The name is very indistinct both here and in the Journd. It may read
Zambechius.

1694]

STUDY IN LEYDEN

for I applied my self very closely to j all the three studies. In / 0 i. k
the last I was a kind of proficient even before I came to Leyden,
for I play'd tollerably on the Harpsecord, and since I was 7
vears of age I touched the Violin a little.

As I found that there was no keeping of good and verteous
company in either Holand, France, or Italy, and far less in
Germany, without as much of the practise of musick as to
enable one to bear a part in a Concert, I bestowed a great
deal of pains on the Harpsecord, and in a year after was as
well qualified to perform my part on that instrument as any
Gentleman in Holand. I found that this piece of skill was
indeed of very great use to me afterwards in the course of my
Travels through Germany, Italy, and France. 1

As to Mathematicks and Phylosophy, I was more inclined
to them than consisted with my health, for I have many times
followed them with that application that I have been a whole
month without going out of the House or puting on my cloaths.
I believe if I had followed the dictats of my own inclination
I had studied nothing else, but reasone and my Father's
desires, which he reiterated every time he wrote to me,
oblidged me often to slacken my pace and attend my civil
law colleges.

It hapned, therefore, that in place of following the study of
the civil Law for 2 years, which few exceed, I bestowed near
3 vears upon it, for after I had studied for 2 years with Vitri-
arius, I bestowed a year on Professor Voetius. 2 This man I
found very distinct, for he keept close to his own Compend on
the Instituts and Pandects, but he was far from being; such a
Corpus Juris j as Professor Vitriarius was. f 0 i. n

I had likeways colleges from the two famous professors of
Eloquence, on History and on Tacitus and Suetonius, these

1 ' To keep these studies from being tediouse to me, I applied my self in my
leisure houres to the study of Musick, under the same Zambechius (?), who taught
me the speculative part thereof according to the mathematical rules, and the
practical part upon the Harpsicord. In both these I made, perhaps, more
advance than became a Gentleman.' — MS. Travels, vol. i. p. 8.

: John Voet, born 1647, professor of Civil Law at Leyden from 1683 to 1 7 13,
the year of his death. His principal work was Commentarius ad Pandectas, in
two vols, folio. — L.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1694

were Pirezenius 1 and Gronovius; 2 the last expkuVd all the
Roman Antiquities of Suetonius in Dutch, but, as I had
frequented much the company of Dutch people, I found no
difficulty in understanding him, and reading this Author with
pleasure, as I have frequently done since. The notes and
criticisms he gave us I took in writeing, which are still in the
Library of Pennicuik.

I had likeways a college on Church History from the
learned Spanhemius, 3 so that while I staid in Leyden, I never
had half an houer to spend in idleness, but diverted my mind
by different successive studies.

Amongst other things, I learned to drau from Francis
Mieris, 4 a very great painter. This proceeded partly from

1 Jacobus Perizonius (Voorbrock), the most learned classical scholar of his age,
born 1 65 1, became professor of Greek literature, history, and eloquence at Leyden
in 1693. Died at Leyden 1715- His principal works are Animadversiones
historicce in quibus quamplurima in priscis Romanarit?>i rerum . . . autoribus
notantur, etc. Amsterdam, 1685. Origines Babylonicce et sEgyptiaca. Leyden,
1711. — L.

2 James Gronovius, famous philologist, born at Deventer in 1645, came to
Leyden in 165S. In 1668 he went into England to collate manuscripts at Oxford
and Cambridge, and there made friends with many Englishmen of learning. In
1679 he took the chair of Greek Literature at Leyden, formerly occupied by his
father, John Frederick Gronovius. In 1692 he lectured on Eloquence, and in
1702 on Geography. His critical works are numerous — editions of the classics
and commentaries — but he is best known for his Thesaurus Antiquitatum Gj-ce-
carum, Leyden, 1697-1702, in 12 vols. fol. His edition of Tacitus, cum J.
Gronovii et variorum not is, was printed at Amsterdam in 1672, and again in
16S5 ; his Suetonius, a Salmasio recensitus cum emendationibus, at Leyden in
1698. — L. Boerhaave also attended the lectures of Gronovius, 'whose stile he
has been thought to imitate in some of his earlier orations.' — See Burton's Life
of Boerhaave.

3 Frederick Spanheim, a Swiss, was born at Geneva in 1632. In 1670 he
accepted the Chair of Theology, which his father had held before him, at Leyden ;
and in the following year he added to theology ecclesiastical history. He was
three times rector of the University, and died at Leyden in 1701. He is credited
with sixty-four publications, the most of which were collected in 3 vols, fol.,
Leyden, 1701-1703. — L.

4 The name is evidently given incorrectly here, for Francis Mieris the
elder died in 1681 ; and his grandson, Francis Mieris the younger, was only
born in 1689. William Mieris, his son, however, was born in 1662, and, at
the time when Clerk arrived in Leyden, was practising his art there. In his
MS. Travels Clerk states simply that ' I resolved, after finishing my studies, to
travel into Germany, Italy, and France, and for that reason, that I might travel
with the more satisfaction, I studied frequently painting and drawing under the

BARON SIR .1 O II N

CLERK

1696]

VISITS TO THE HAGUE

inclination and partly from the advice I had from some of
my Dutch friends, for all their young Folks learn to drau from
their being 7 years of age, and find it vastly useful to them in
most stations of Life.

The only relaxation, if it may be called such, was spending
my vacations at the Hegue. There I went for about 3 months,
each summer I staid in Holand, yet I was far from being
idle, for except a few houres of the day in which | I attended^/-
the soveraign Courts of Holland as often as I cou'd get
admission, I continued in a course of great Application to
my studies. Here at the Hegue I learnt both French and
Dutch, and, in order to prepare me for a journey to Italy, I
had an Italian Master who brought me a considerable length
in the language of that country, and which I found afterwards
was of great advantage to me.

Such were my occupations in Holand ; as for companions, I
had no particular one but the famous Herman Bouerhave, 1 he

famous Miris ' — giving no Christian name — ' which I afterwards reaped the
advantage of in a sort of pleasure that is not to be comprehended by any body
except such who understand a little of this study.' Doubtless his memory had
played him false when he came to write the present account of his Life, and
William Mieris is the artist to whom he intends to refer and the draughtsman of
the pencil portrait reproduced as our Illustration No. v., although the mount of
this drawing is inscribed on the back in the Baron's later style of writing — ' My
picture done at Leyden by Francis Miris.'

At the end of the second volume of Clerk's MS. Travels are inserted sixty-two
drawings, made, with considerable skill, from pictures, statues, landscapes, etc.,
during his tour in Italy; and to these he has appended the note — 'These fol-
lowing Draughts are a few of many hundreds that have been given away or lost
since I returned from my Travels in 1699. They are very incorrect, from the
number I used sometimes to make in a day, and from the different times they
were drawn. — J. C, 1741.'

1 Hermann Boerhaave, one of the most celebrated physicians of the eighteenth
century, and a man of immense erudition, was born at Woorhout, near Leyden,
31st December 1668. He was originally destined for the ministry, and followed
at Leyden the course of theology. He was made Doctor of Philosophy in his
twenty-second year, and shortly after this devoted himself specially to medicine
and anatomy. He took his degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1693. He had a
great attraction for mathematical studies, which are said to have influenced his
medical theories. He lectured on medicine at the University in 1701, and was
appointed to the Chair of Medicine and Botany in 1709, which he held till 1738,
the year of his death. — L. Clerk corresponded regularly with Boerhaave after
his return to Scotland, and many copies of his Latin letters are preserved among

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1697

Doctor Bouer- was then a young physitian, and, as he was a mathematician
about 7 years and phylosopher, I hapned to contract a very great friendship
was* bmVe ^ or n * m ' was Hkeways a Musitian, so that by a propensity-
had no business to the same studies we not only lived like Brothers together
ciar^ 3 a ?h> while I staid at Ley den, but continued a correspondence
together while he lived.

He was my physitian likeways on all my little distempers,
but perhaps I trusted too much to his skill when I hapned to
take the small-pox at Leyden in May 1697; he pretended that
he had discovered a chymecal Medicine which wou'd carry off
the small-pox before they came to any height. I suffered him
to try his medicine upon me after the small pox were broken
out on my body, the effect was that in a day ,or two they were
foi. 13. all purged off. I greu perfectly well in about j a week after.
The Doctor from this success was extreamly elated, and pro-
mised himself a very great fortune on his repairing to London
and seting up upon the success of this single Specifick for the
cure of the small-pox, but, to my very great misfortune, this
Desease returned upon me about 5 months after with great
violence, as I shall afterwards notice. 1 In other respects I keept

the Clerk papers. See Additional Note B. He is said to have bequeathed his
books to Clerk, but I have not been able to find on any of the volumes, now the
property of Sir George Clerk, such marks of possession as would prove that they
had formerly belonged to Boerhaave.

1 ' Considering the small-pox as a cutaneous inflammation, joined with a
contagious eruption, and therefore requiring for the most part the general remedies
for the former, with those that are esteemed specific in the latter, he was natur-
ally led to such a method as enabled him not only to mitigate the symptoms, and
so lessen the danger of this distemper, but sometimes even to prevent it also,
that is, its coming to an eruption, by subduing it on its first attack, when all the
symptoms usually preceding the eruption have appeared in a proper subject who
had been in the way of infection, in a season when the small-pox was epidemical ;
and he doubted not that a variolous form might be observed by others, using the like
regimen, to be sometimes removed before it produced a variolous eruption. An
article respecting this disease concerns the public welfare too much to be supprest,
since our author was so unfortunate as to differ in this point from great authorities,
from those to which in other cases he paid a considerable deference. — It is the
fatal consequences which always ensued upon his several trials of the purgative
method in the secondary fever of the confluent small-pox, although conducted with
all the cautions recommended by the patrons of that practice.' — Section on
' Boerhaave's Lectures and Improvements in Physic,' in Wm. Burton's Account
of his Life and Writings (second edition, London, 1746), pp. 179-S0. See also
folios 19 and 30 of the present MS.

TRAVELS THROUGH GERMANY

my health very well in Holand, and indeed I scarse ever had
leisure to consider whether I was well or ill.

A little after I recovered of the small-pox in Holand as above
I set out for Italy with no other allowance from my Father than
a single 100 pounds. The reasone of this was that my journey
was contrary to his inclinations ; but the vast desire I had to
see a Country so famous for exploits about which all my time
had been hitherto spent in reading the classicks, likewavs a
country so replenished with Antiquities of all kinds, and so
much excelling all other countries in painting and musick, I
say these things created such a vast desire in me to see it, that
I am sure nothing in life had ever made me happy if I had
denied my self this great pleasure and satisfaction. I knew
that the allowance given me by my Father wou'd never answere
the third of my expense, but I was resolved to throu my self
on the providence of the great Being which had hitherto pro-
tected me and provided liberally for me, without ever being at
the pains to consider what was to become of me after the
money was spent.

There was another great difficulty in my case which as little
affected me, namely, that I had no company to go with me, but
behoved j to trust my self entirely to strangers, but even in that/*
I had some flattering hopes, and was not deceived.

I set out from Leyden, 1 came that night to Utrecht, and
next day I took my place in a Wagon for Nimuegen. I found
here two young Dutch men and their mother, who took all
possible care for me.

At Nimuegen I fell acquainted with a very good sort of man,
an English Officer, who was sent from Flanders to serve the
Venetians in the Morea. With this Gentleman, as my countrv
man, I contracted a very great friendship, and, like two
Brothers, we proceeded on our journey to Cologn, Treves,
Meyance, and Frankfort to Nuremberg.

I do not mention any particulars of this journey, because I
have written particular Memoirs of my Travels to which I
referr, as they will be found in two volumes in the charter
house of Pennicuik. 2

1 On 12th May 1697, as we learn from the MS. Travels.

- These two folios of MS. Travels, of 271 and 172 pages respectively, are still in

20 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1697

At Nuremberg my good English Friend and I were oblidged
to part, for as he "was to proceed directly to Venice by the way of
Augsburg and Tyrol, I was resolved at all Hazards to go to
Vienna by the way of Ratisbone, Lintz, and Passau. My com-
panion did all he cou'd to dissuade me, but nothing wou'd do,
I was again resolved to trust my self in the company of
strangers.

My resolution did not want success, for, in the coach from
Nuremberg to Ratisbone, ! I fell into the company of two young
German Lads like my self who were going to the Emperor's
Court at Vienna to solicet for emploiments. I was happy in
their company, and took boat with them at Ratisbone down
the Danube to the cities we intended to visite. In the same
boat there hapned to be an Irish or a Scotch Jesuite Father
whom I always observed very assiduous about me. As we
dined every day, and lay every night on shore, he took great
care to provide me with the best pieces of meat at Table, and
with the best beds where w e lay. This commerce went on for
0 days, which Avas the time we took up in sailing down the
Danube to Vienna, he never discoursed with me but in Latine
or Italian till we were in sight of Vienna, then it was he sur-
prised me by asking in plain English how I did, and discovering
himself to be my country man. I was overjoyed at this dis-
covery, but cou'd not find out why he keept it so long in the
dark, nor had he, I believe, any reason for it, but a meer
whime, to surprise me the more when he found that I had
nobody to look after me, — in short, lie was exceedingly kind
and useful to me while I stayed at Vienna, for he belonged to

the possession of Sir George Clerk. They net only contain a full account of his
travels, but also elaborate descriptions of the remains of antiquity, churches,
libraries, etc., that he visited, and careful estimates of the manners, customs, and
government of the various countries that were included in his tour. Clerk fre-
quently in after years revised this Journal of my Travels, which was the produc-
tion of his youth ; but he would never consent to its publication, and in 1741 he
prefixed to the first volume an even more stringent ' Caveant PostcrV than that
which the present Account of my Life bears. That his reason was chiefly the
imperfect style of the MS. may be gathered from the statement with which the
' Caveant '' concludes: — 'They'" (the volumes) 'contain nothing but Truth, tho'
told in a pureile way ; ' and from the note with which the first volume ends : —
' I revised this volume in 1753, but disclaim the Printing of it, as it was written
by me when J was not well acquainted with the Langtia^c I wrote in. '

RESIDENCE AT VIENNA

the College of Jesuits in that city. His conversation never
turn'd on religious matters, for I suppose he found out by the
way that I Avou'd be very much inclined to laugh at all such
attempts. He therefore laid out himself to explain the manners
of Germany, and what I was to observe at the Emperor's Court;
all which furnished j me with a great deal more knowledge of the/bi. 16.
city and court of Vienna than I cou'd have attain'd to during
the little time I cou'd allow myself to stay there.

While I staid at Vienna, I was introduced by my fellow-
traveller to the Lord Lexington, 1 then Envoy from King
William of Great Britain to the Emperor. 2 He made me
very welcome, and oblidged me to dine with him every day so
long as I staid in the place. I was always with him at the
Emperor's Leves and Drawing-Rooms. He introduced me
to him, and when the Emperor understood from him that I
was a great lover of Music, he invited me to his private
opera, keept in the Imperial Garden of the Favretti, where
the Emperor always resided, about 3 quarters of a mile
from Vienna. The Assembly there was very great, and I
believe no Court in Europe cou'd afford a Traveller a more
magnificent appearance. The Emperor and Empress, 3 two

1 Robert Sutton, son of Robert, first Baron Lexington, and his third wife,
Mary, daughter of Sir Anthony St. Leger. Knight. Pie succeeded as second
Baron in 166S ; was Envoy-Extraordinary to the Court of Vienna, and Am-
bassador-Extraordinary to that of Spain, and for the Treaty of Ryswick. He
died in 1723, when the title became extinct, and the Sutton estates passed to his
grandson, Lord George Manners.

2 Leopold 1., Emperor of Germany, second son of Ferdinand III., and his
first wife, Mary Anne, daughter of Philip in. of Spain. He became king of
Hungary in 1655, king of Bohemia in 1656, and emperor in 1658. In 1683 he
fled from Vienna on the approach of the Turks, and the city was only saved by
John Sobieski, king of Poland, who forced them to raise the siege. The Emperor
died in 1705.

3 Eleonora Theresa, daughter of Philip William, Elector Palatine, the Em-
peror's third wife. She was born in 1655, was educated as a strict Catholic,
and led a life of extreme austerity and self-denial. ' These religious practices
did not divert her from the duties of wife and empress. She complied in appear-
ance with the taste and inclinations of her husband, frequented the opera with
the Psalms bound like the books of the performance, and exerted her skill in
music for his solace and amusement. . . . On the death of her eldest son Joseph,
she was intrusted with the regency ; and after conducting the reins of state with
vigor and prudence, in the short but critical period which elapsed before the
arrival of Charles, she resigned her power without regret to resume her darling

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

sones, Ignatius 1 and Charles, 2 and 3 daughters, 3 with his
sister, 4 the Queen of Poland, sat in the fore part of an
amphitheater dressed up with boughs of Trees, Green Leafs,
and flowers. The Ladies sat behind in 8 or 10 Artificial
Benches, and, to the best of my observation, about 4 or
500 without any mixture of men amongst them. The
schenes were little real palaces of Timber, and finely painted
with all the ornaments of Architectory, the Musick was
very grand, viz., two Herpsecords, one on each side, 4 Great
Bass violins, as many Lutes and Theorts, 5 and above 30
violins and other instruments. The actors or singers were
mostlv Italians, for as his Imperial Majesty was himself not
lot. 17. only fond of Musick to distraction, but a performer himself

course of life. . . . She turned the Psalms into German verse, and set them to
music ; and besides numerous versions of devout and edifying works, translated
from the French Pious Reflections for every Day of the Month, which was printed
at Cologne. Died 1720.' — Coxe's Hotise of Austria, vol. i. p. 1059-60. (London,
1807.)

1 3\"o doubt Joseph, eldest son of Leopold I., and afterwards Emperor Joseph 1.,
is here meant. He was born 167S, and died 1711. He is referred to by Clerk
in his MS. Travels, where he describes his first sight of the Imperial family in
the church of St. Laurence, at a ceremonial where one of the Court ladies was
admitted as a nun : — ' First came the Emperor, a very little man, with the uggliest
face in the world, after him next his eldest son, Joseph, the King of the Romans,
who was a pretty tall youth, of about 19 years of age, next to him followed his
brother Charles, Arch Duke of Austrie, a boy about 14 years of age ; all these
being clad in black. The Empress, with 3 princesses, her daughters, came next.
She made but an indifferent appearance, tho' covered with jewels ; yet her
daughters, the eldest of whom seem'd about 15, lookt tolerably well. After
them next the Queen Dowager of Poland, who is the Emperor's sister.' — MS.
Travels, vol. i. p. 56.

- Second son of Leopold 1., afterwards the Emperor Charles VI. Born 1685 ;
crowned Emperor 171 1 ; died 1740.

3 Man* Elizabeth, born 1680 ; became Governess of the Netherlands ; died
1741. Mary Anne, born 1683 ; became wife of John VI. of Portugal ; died
1754. Mary Magdalen, born 1689 ; died 1743.

4 Eleonora Josepha, daughter of Ferdinand III. and his third wife. Maria
Leopoldina. daughter of Leopold of the line of Tyrol. She married Michael
Viesnovitsky, king of Poland, and after his death became the wife of Charles,
Duke of Lorraine. Died in 1697. Her grandson Francis again united the
houses of Lorraine and Austria by his marriage with Maria Theresa.

5 The Theorbo, a large double-necked lute, with two sets of tuning pegs, the
lower set holding the strings, which lie over the fretted finger-board, while the
upper are attached to the bass strings, or so-called diapasons, which are used as
open notes. — Grove's Dictionary of Music.

STARTS FOR VENICE

on the Herpsecord, he took care to entertain all the best
Musitians that Italy cou'd produce, and they were all pro-
vided with the best salaries and offices at his court that any
way suited their occupations. 1 His Capelmasters were Italian,
and all his operas and comedies were in this Language ; there
was indeed very little else spocken at Court, and in Vienna there
seemed to me more Hungarians and Italians than Germans.

While I staid here I made several excursions, but my
greatest entertainment was in the Imperial Library and
Galleries, for both these were admirably furnished with Books
and pictures.

After having satisfTd myself with every thing worth seeing I sawt he Em-

at Vienna, and about 20 miles round it in the confines of j^ n( T s at c...,

Hungary, I began to think of seting forwards on my journey ^jMJSJ!" 1

to Italy, and without giving my self the least truble about than ... or layer
• ° ° . J . i • of ... and sand,

the company I was to travel with, I took my place in a chaise wfaich be ; ng

for Venice, through the countries of Stiria and Carmathia. I ^ ee u p p J a ^ na

was £rowen very hardy in interprises of this nature, for I had washed in a

° J J r _ vessel, and the

neither Governour, servant, nor companion of my own country go id dust got

to take care of me, and I had not monie sufficient to wait the U P-

. . . . , I was then 20

opportunities of others. I set out, however, with a young years of age .

Gentleman in the chaise with me who hapned to prove as

much for my purpose as if I had made choise of him. He

was a nepolitan of Fundi, who had travelled this road once

before, so, after some few ceremonies at first, J we became bs,/ 0 i t &.

familiar as if we had been bred up together. We were 21

days in our journey, sometimes, or rather once every day, in

snow, though it was in the month of Agust, and sometimes

roasted with the heat of the sun.

1 Clerk calls the Emperor ' the greatest Lover and judge of musick that
perhaps any great man in the world is. He not only sings and plays on the
Herpsecord, but he composes very well both for the Chapel and chamber, for
I have heard admirable things of his making, both for humure and Art. At
his Court it was an ordinary thing for him to sit down and entertain the company
with his Musick, singing and playing very finely ; but I confess this sight was^ so
shoking to me that it had like to have spoiled all my inclination to performing
my self, if it had not been that I forsaw I was not to be rich enough to purchase
Musick any other way than what I made by my self, especially in my oune
Country, where at this time there is no such thing. Nothing cou'd be more
rediculouse than the odd figure the poor old Emperor made on such occations.' —
MS. Travels, vol. i. pp. 59, 60.

24 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1697

These sudden alterations produced bad effects on my health,
so that if it had not been for the great civilities of this Gentle-
man I must have lain by the way.

I parted with him at Venice with great reluctancy, and
so was again put to my shifts as before. I doubted much
if ever after I should find a companion to my taste, and so
it hapned, for on leaving Venice, where I saw evervthing
commonly seen by Travelers in the Autum, I set out with a
Dutchman to Rome, by- the way of Padua, Ferrara, Bolognia,
Rimini, Pesaro, Ancona, Loretto, Feligno, Spoletti, Xarni,
Tarni, and Utricoli.
One Meyder This companion of mine proved a meer brute, tho" he came
the^a^Tndies. Italy with an intention of improving himself. He was
constantly drunk, and never minded any thing but to enquire
about the best Taverns, eating, and wine. I suffered many
inconveniences with him, for his debaucheries and blasphemies
often raised mobs upon us, so that my only employment by
the way was to get him carried from one Town to another, and
to take care of his persone and monie when I found him dead
drunk, sometimes by the way, for he used frequently to leave
me and go post to some famouse Tavern, where he drank till
I came up with him. He beat the priests for denying him the
use of flesh on fridays, and did all the mischivious tricks that
ever entered into the head of a Madman, j
foi. 19. I got happily quit of him at last, when I came to Rome in
September 1697, and wou'd never see him more.

I was not in this city above 3 days when I again fell into
the distemper of the small-pox, which Doctor Bouerhaven
thought he had cured me of about 4 months before in Leyden.
It came upon me with the same symptoms, but with greater
violence than before; however, it pleased God to provide me
there with a friend, one Father Cosimo Clerk, 1 who provided

1 The following account of Father Cosimo appears in the MS. Travels, vol. ii.
p. 61 : — 'About the end of this month (October) arrived at Rome from Florence
one father Alexander or Cosimo Clerk, whose father was an advocate in Scotland,
one Mr. "William Clerk. This man was in his time an officer in the French arm}-,
but falling under some misfortunes he left the service, came to Florence, and
turned a Religiuse of the Franciscan order. This it seems was his choise, that he
might ingratiate himself with the great Duke, who was likewise of this order
since the separation between him and his Duchess. The father was allowed by

RESIDENCE IN ROME

all necessaries for me, and never left me either day or night
till I was perfectly recovered. This disease, however, took up
a long time, for after the violence of the distemper was over I
broke out in Boils, and had successively three Feavers, each
of them very severe. I had a very good physitian, one . . .
. . . x who was the most eminent man of his profession then
in Italy, but I found no kind of tenderness in the treatment he
gave me, whether or not he lookt upon me with contempt
because I was not of his religion I cannot tell ; but, if it Avas
this, the thing seem'd the more extraordinary to me that I never
yet had known any physitian who had any religion at all.

But whatever was wanting in this man, others whom I never
saw, nor ever was to see, did abundantly compensat, for all
the nuns, who resided in the neighbourhood of the street I
lived in, sent every day to see how I was, and always brought
me verv considerable presents of medicines as they pretended
for my desease, and of wines, Biscuits, and confections for the
entertainment of such who came to see me. The Ladies of the
Societv of the Touer di Spechio 2 were my chief Benefactors.
These are a sort of Ladies who are allowed sometimes to go
abroad, and to marry if they think fit. I went after my j
recoverv to wait on them and thank them, [as I did afterwards. ]/<?/. 20.

the Duke to assume the name of Cosimo after himself, and indeed in all things
he treated him as his sone. He might no: be above 34 years of age when he
came here, tho he was charged with several matters of importance at the Court
of Rome. ... He carried nothing of Religion about with him but his gown,
cord, and beads.' William Clerk was admitted an advocate on the 23d January
1663, and re-admitted in 1676, but the minutes contain only the name and date,
and give no particulars of his family. One of the drawings inserted at the end
of the second volume of the MS. Travels, an outline sketch in pen and ink of a
seated friar addressing two others, and marking off the heads of his discourse
upon his fingers, is inscribed ' Padre Cosimo and his Brother Monks at St. Piero
Montorio, 169S.'

1 The name is omitted in the MS.

2 The convent of Tor di Specchi, of the Oblates or Collatines, founded in
1425 by St. Frances of Rome ; who was born in 1384, became Superior of the
convent in 1437, died 1440, and was canonised by Paul v. in 160S. 'The
Oblates of Tor di Specchi are not, strictly speaking, nuns ; they take no vows,
and are bound by no obligations under pain of sin ; they are not cloistered, and
their dress is that which was worn at the period of their establishment by the
widows of the Roman nobles.' — Lady Georgiana Fullerton's Life of St. Frances
of Rome, p. 107.

26 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1697

They accepted my visits with great civility in their chapel and
in a publick room. How these acts of charity and civility
were done to a young stranger I know not, but I supposed
they heard that I was a young man in distress near their
Monasteries, which was enough for charitable Italian Ladies.

I had at the same time many visits from Priests and Friers.
in order to convert me, and in the danger of Death to pray for
me, but my cousin, Father Clerk, who attended me, and who
never trubled his head with Religion of any kind, took off a
little of the burden and disquietude I had felt on these occa-
sions. He pretended that he was constantly employed about
my soul-concerns, so that there was no need for them to take
any truble about matters that were in so great forwardness
already. However, my Friend, it seems, had had his fits of
devotion, for tho' he was bred a Sojer, and had been employed
as a Captain in the French service in Flanders about the year
1793, 1 he took it in his head to turn a Religuse in Italy. When
he came to Florence, the great Duke of Tuscany, finding him
a smart man, took a likeing to him, and though he had joined
himself to the Franciscan Friers, he sent him to Rome to
manage some of the Florentine affaires at that Court.

It was therefore in the station of an Envoy that I found
him, and in this character he did me very great services. He
introduced me in the first place into the acquaintance and
protection of the Great Duke, and from whom I received some
very kind letters, which I still preserve at Pennicuik. He
made me acquainted with most of all the Forraign Ambassadors
and great people at Rome. |
j»i si. I was received with great civilities wherever I went, as the
Relation of so great a man as Father Cosimo, and so great an
intimat of the great Duke : he not only furnished me with
money, but keept a coach and 2 servants for me. This I found
a very great conveniency for me, but it was no less for the
As a Franciscan Father. He gave out that he was my near relation, sometimes
not a keepa CUld m y Unckle, and no doubt it did him some service that by the
coach for Lim- Equipage I keept it appeared that I was a Gentleman of whose

self, \vhere:br r 1 ., r f r , , rl

I put it under family he was a branch,
my name.

Evidently a clerical error for 1693.

1 697] RESIDENCE IN ROME 27

Thus we went on, I supported the Father's dignity, and he
supported my credite, without any expectation of a return,
except to oun him as my patron and Tutor, as well as my near
Relation. He seemed indeed sent by the providence of God as
my Tutelary Angel by a thousand good offices lie did me at all
times and in all places.

After my recovery from the small-pox, I applied close to the
study of the civil Law, and by means of my good Father
Cosmo, I was allowed the conversation of Monsignior Caprara, 1
one of the Judges of the Rota. He took great pleasure to have
several young Gentlemen about him to assist in reading his
papers, and I was always welcome to him.

I had likeways the constant friendship and company of one

Monsignior Chaprigni, a learned Antiquarian and phylosopher.

He keept weekly Assemblies of Virtuosos at his House, and I

was admitted to be one of the number. Besides these, we had

likeways at his house privat Assemblies thrice a week, and in

these we discoursed of all new discoveries in Literature and

Antiquities. Some made orations in Latine, and some read

verses in Greek, Latine, and Italian, of their own compositions.! y oL 22 .

This gentleman, for his knowledge and singular qualifica- a perfect old
, • n ■ i 1 1 • i t i iii Roman, as was

tions, was one oi tne worthiest men 1 ever knew ; but to my ukewavs the

very great loss and misfortune he died before I left Rome. above n F? ed

• p _ _ judge of the

All his valuable things he distributed by a Testament amongst Rota.

1 ' This man. for all moral virtues, might justly be compared to the best of
the old Romans, he was about sixty years of age, and affected to live in Cicero's
way at his villa Tusculana, for Montsignior Caprara's chief delight seem'd to be
in instructing young gentlemen that pleased to wait on him at such set times as
he appointed. There were a good many of us who enjoy'd this happiness without
any expense, for it was not his manner to receive anything from us. 'We met
thrice a week in a great room where he lived ; each of us was provided with
copies of all the printed cases on the civil and canon law that lay before the Rota,
these we read in the most exact manner we could. Montsignior did not always
attend us, but came within an hour before we broke up, and allowed us to ask
him all manner of questions in relation to them, for if we did not, he was sure to
examine us so strictly in all the circumstances of such cases that nothing must
escape us. After it appeared to him yt we had really gone through the circum-
stances of any case, he used then, with great humanity, to ask our opinion and
gave his owne, but always with such caution that it was not easy for any of us to
discover what side he had taken in judgement. This learned man in particular
pretended great friendship for the Inglesi. as he called all us of Britain, yet no
body except myself used to attend his assemblies.' — MS. 1'ravch, vol. ii. pp. 74-5.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1697-

his friends and acquaintances. Nor was I forgot amongst the
rest ; for he left me a head of Cicero, a busto of Otho, and a
little statue of Diana of Ephesus, with a few other things,
which are now at Pennicuik house. 1
As Monsieur^ My two great diversions at Rome were Musick and Anti-
calls it. * quities. I excelled to a fault in the first, but the practise of
musick gave me easier access to the best company in Rome than
other strangers had. My masters were Bernardo Pasquini, 2 a
most skilful composer and performer on the Organ and Harpse,
and Archangelo Correlli, 3 whom I believe no man ever equaled
for the violin. However, as I bestowed most of my time on
the Harpsecord and the knowledge of musical compositions, I
profited but little on the violin.

ahravsaLw? 5 ^ m ^ e * sta ^ at R° me I fell into great friendship and inti-
of Musick, yet macy with Wrotesly Russel, Duke of Bedford, 4 and with him I
b^sStoS r0 travelled to Naples and many other places in the neighbour-
disgusted me

1 Still in the possession of Sir George Clerk.

2 Bernardo Pasquini, a Tuscan, born 1637, died 1710. Came to Rome as a
young man, and was appointed organist at Sta Maria Maggiore. The German
musician Matheson relates that on visiting the Teatro Capranica in 1679, when
an opera was produced in honour of Queen Christina of Sweden, he was ' much
struck at finding Corelli playing the violin, Pasquini the harpsichord, and Gattiani
the lute, all in the orchestra.' — Grove's Did. — L. In his MS. Travels, vol. ii.
pp. 62-3, Clerk mentions that the first visit he made in Rome was to Pasquini,
1 for I had heard such wonderful accounts of his performances on the organ or
Herpsecord that I had no patience till I heard him. ... I continued with him
all the time I lived in Rome for an hour or two every day, and had many things
composed for me by him.'

3 Arcangelo Corelli, a great violinist and composer, born at Tusignano in 1653,
settled at Rome in 1681, where he lived in the palace of his friend and patron,
Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni. He died in 1713. There is a statue erected to him
in St. Peter's, with the inscription, Corelli, princeps Musicorum. — L. In "the
MS. Travels, vol. ii. pp. 67-8, is an interesting and enthusiastic account of Corelli
and his playing. ' ... He gains a great dale of monie, and loves it for the sake
of laying it all out on pictures, and indeed few private men in the world has {sic)
such a noble collection of the best originals, from Raphael down to Carolo Maratti.
He seldom teaches any body ; yet, because he was pleased to observe me so much
taken with him, he allowed me 3 lessons a week during all the time I stay'd at
Rome. . . . He was a good, well-natured man, and on many accounts deserved
the Epithet which all the Italians gave him of the divine Arc Angelo.'

4 Wriothesley, eldest son of the celebrated patriot William Lord Russell.
Born 1680 ; married, in 1695, Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of John Howland
of Streatham ; succeeded his grandfather as second Duke of Bedford, 1700 ; and
died 1 71 1.

STARTS FOR FLORENCE

^29

hood of Rome. In his company I participated of the great exceedingly ...
honours which the Duke de Medina Cceli, 1 viceroy of Naples, Talents are
did him. It banned at that time that the Duke's unckle, P resented - The

• ... excelled

Admiral Russel, 2 commanded a great squadron of English Men nobody ... ' '"
of War in the Mediterranean. I came on that occasion to SSKthSm
understand that whichever prince j can command the Mediter-T"^- n-
ranean, must have all the Kingdoms and States of Italy under touchsome

... 0 J instrument ;

great subjection. 3 this kind of

In December 169S I left Rome at the earnest, desire of my to^ecVveted^ 1 ^
Father, and I returned homewards by the way of Florence in
company with my constant friend padre Cosimo, and was
received by the Great Duke 4 with greater marks of distinction
than his Highness used to bestow on strangers.

He received me uncovered, and when he put on his Hat, he
oblidged me to be covered. I was not a little out of counte-
nance at this, but I behoved to obey him ; yet after I was
covered, I took off my hat again, and he continued covered as
if he had not observed me. His discourse turned on the

1 Viceroy of Naples 169S ; died 1710.

- Edward Russell, grandson of Francis, fourth Earl of Bedford. Born 1651,
celebrated for his victory over the French, under Tourville, at La Hogue in 1692 ;
created Earl of Orford 1697; died without issue in 1727, when his honours
became extinct.

3 As Clerk was in Rome from September 1697 till December 169S, he must
have been there on that

' February Twenty-Two,
Since our salvation Sixteen Ninety-Eight,'
when the execution of Count Guido Franceschini and his four accomplices,
' opposite the church
Under the Pincian gardens green with spring,
'Neath the obelisk 'nvixt the fountains in the Square,'
was the sequel to the tragedy upon which Browning has founded The Ring
and the Book. In the MS. Travels, however, we find no reference to the matter ;
but we have glimpses of Innocent xn., the Pope of the poem, for Clerk records
that he was present in the spring of 169S at the ceremony of Washing the Feet
in the Vatican by this Pope, and at his celebration of Mass on the Festival of
St. Peter, when ' the musick was exceedingly divine, being the compositions of
the famous Palestrina.'

4 Cosmo in. Born 1642 ; succeeded his father, Ferdinand 11., as Grand
Duke of Tuscany in 1670 ; died 1723. His portrait, by John Smibert, the friend
and painter of Allan Ramsay the poet, a crayon drawing executed a few years
later, is in the Boudoin College, Brunswick, U.S., and is reproduced in the
Rev. F. H. Allen's Bowdoin Collection (Brunswick. 1SS6). It shows an aston-
ishingly grotesque and uncouth countenance.

30 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1699

affaires of Britain, and on the war, and at last on Religion.
I had the honour of two Letters from him at Rome on this
subject, but he found that I had no great hnmure to be his
convert, so that all discourse on this head was soon broken
off. He desired me frequently to come to his Court, and to
oblidge me the more, he gave me a patent under the privy
seal, signed by him self and his Secretary of State, the Mar-
quise de Ricardi, appointing me a Gentleman of his Bed-
chamber, which patent lies now in Pennicuik Charter Room ;
and to heap more obligations upon me, he ordered his Great
Library keeper, Signior Malizabechi, 1 to attend me at all the
Libraries in Town.

These great honours were conferred on me not from anv
merite his Highness discovered in me, but purely to shew the
regard he had to my friend the Padre, whom indeed he spoke
of with great affection and respect.

After I had satiated my self with the Court and curiosities
foi. 24. of Florence, I took | my leave of the Great Duke in order to go
to Leghorn, and was presented by him with a Box of chymical
medicines, 2 still at Pennicuik, and with all the variety of wines
and sweetmeats which his country produced.
By the way a My good Padre woifd still accompany me, and accordingly
Polish Bishop we came together to Pisa, where we staid a day or two, and
who was in our f rom thence to Leghorn.

heiped^veii to I staid in this last place only two days, and was greatly
S,°otE regalled by the Gentlemen of the English Factory, who it
ways I must seems lay under very great obligations to mv Religious Friend

have left them J jo <-> J °

behind me. in certain negotiations he manadged for them at the Court of
Florence.

1 Antonio Magliabechi (1633-1714), 'doctor inter bibliothecarios sed biblio-
thecarius inter doctores, ' a man renowned alike for his learning and his slovenly
habits. He himself was a great collector, and before his death laid the founda-
tion of the Magliabechian Library for the public use.— L. Pp. 138-140 of the
second volume of the MS. Travels are occupied with a very curious and minute
account of Magliabechi's eccentric appearance and manners, his squalid dress,
and the extraordinary dwelling, filled with nothing but books, where he lived
alone, without even a servant ('for when he keaped any they used to steal his
books'), subsisting upon eggs, bread, and a flask of wine, which were brought to
him once a week.

2 This is still in the possession of Sir George Clerk.

VISITS GENOA

After I had taken my place in a little vessel for Genua, I This guardian
took leave of my Guardian Ans;el, who left me with tears. Angel of n ? ine

J o ' was a vastly

At Genua I staid about a week, and having brought there cIev «" Man,
some recomendatory letters, I was entertained with great addressTfor he
Civility at one of the Assemblies, where there was Musick and Iffe" ti^.S^f
Gameing. I participated a little of the first, tho' I found that j^ery body he
it was not the best place in Italy for Musick ; but as to Game- work upon, with
ing, I never had any likeing for it ; wherever I came, however, J^ghi p . ar n s a ve
I found that neither in Italy nor Germany any man cou"d be as P ir ed to the

i , i ., greatest digni-

acceptabie m an Assembly who neither was a Musitian nor a ties of the
Gamester. £t as

At one of these Assemblies the Ladv of a certain noble \ hat l ™e he

„ , , i t . had no Religion

Genoese entertained me with more than ordinary civility; and at all, he was at
as a good deal of freedom is used in their city, I waited on my by t t] ^- co ^ ered
Lady to her House. Next morning 1 1 received a Letter from/o/. 25.
her desiring me to see her often, and accordingly I went for Zealots, and

° nil lost a11 credite

once, and was met at the door by no fewer than 8 children, tho 1 with them about
she was then but about 25 years of Age. The Lady repeated neft Rome,
her civilities to me, and least I had been engaged in a foolish The Italian
Amour with her, I resolved to leave the place as soon as pos- kfuomS'up

siblv I COlfd. to those Travel-

, T . lers who come

As it was \\ inter, I cou d not think of traveling into France from England,
by land, through Savoy, and therefor I took a place in a Brkamf forS
Feluca bound for Marseiles. l he >' ha - ve a

. fixed opinion

lhese vessels are so small that they can only coast it, so about them that
that the Company, which consisted of a young Spanish Gentle- rich] they never
man and his Ladv, from Milan, a French merchant, and my ^l 1 10 ^P ect

- ' J valouable pre-

self, with 4 seemen. lay ashore every nio'ht, and for the most sents from

, r j 1 0 them ; [they]

part dined ashore. indeed , do 0 - ften

We came the first night to Savona, where I found that the fSJS} h 1?

young Spanish Gentleman had no inclination that I should Friend the Duke

make up any acquaintance with his Wife, but she, on the other on this Iccoum

hand, took more than ordinary pains to make me one of her favours 11 tbeir

Gallants. Fler endeavours indeed served to divert me, but I

found that, she was one of the leudest women that ever her sex

produced, tho" she cou'd not be above 15 years of Age. The

Husband was a young Officer, and far from being a weak man,

but as he had married her only about 6 months before, he was

madly fond of her, so that he did not much discover her faults.

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

And I think she did not take much pains to hide them. I
was every day in peril of my Life from his jealousy and her
fi>i 26. Follies in the Spanish way, but I was always on | my guard, and
very careful not to put any afront on him. One day I thought
we had been fairly quit of them both, for as she was diverting
her self on the side of the boat she fell into the sea near Vila
Franca, and had certainly perished if the poor Husband, in
the outmost dispaire, had not throuen himself into the sea
This poor man after her, and by swiming saved her Life. However, the

was certainly 7 1 • 1 i n i 111

the worst creature was not a bit the better tor the danger she had
man^Ufe^ escaped, but continued as Frantick as ever. We were detained
tho' he merited sorne ( ] avs a t Villa Franca on account of a great storm, and I

from this leud 0

creature much took the freedom to ask her what she was to do at Barcelone,
menu ^Hewas where she was going, since it appeared evident to me that one
so madly fond man con '^ no t content her. She frankly acknowledged this,

of her that he . 1 i - 1 1

used with i but said she wou'd go into a Monastry, where she wou a be
relate Ms^ court- restrained from seeing men and committing extravagances. I

ship of her and as k ec [ } ier leeways what was the reasone she was not con-
how he spent J

his Evenings tented with her own Husband, who was a very pretty young

l^th^Spanish man. She said she had two reasons, first that lie was her Hus-

way, under her }j an( j ana < sne no t care to be tied to any bodv, and next
windowes. ' . .

because he was too fond of her and too frequent in his caresses.

I have mentioned this affaire as an Instance of the frailty
and inconstancy of the women of that country, for if any body
had told me all I knew of this poor young creature, I cou\l
not possibly have believed them.

We continued our vovao;e together till we came into the
Gulfe of Lions, or Thulon. We designed to have sailed over
it before night, and to have taken up our quarters on the
f oi 11. South-west side of it, but a j great north wind springing up, we
were drove out to sea, and miserably tossed about till mid-
night. The wind began then to slaken, and to avoide falling
into the hands of the Algerians, we made towards the French
coast, but in this task Ave sprung a leke, and with the greatest
difficultv got near a sand bank, where Ave stuck. It Avas then
very dark, Ave had no thought of being so near the shore as
Ave found our selves next morning, Avherefor Ave gave up all
hopes of Life.

In this dismal plight Ave Avere in the outmost confusion —

1 699] VISITS PARIS 33

some cried, some prayed, but I observed that our Spanish
Lady shewed more Courage than her Husband. A great
many vous were made by my companions to this and the other
Virgin Mary or Saint upon being delivered from the danger
we were in, but she made no vous, as I believe she was con-
scious of not keeping them. It was our great happiness that or that the Saint
there was no Tide where we were, so that when day appeared 2J*' d not hear
to break we had suffered no other Harm than what a cold
night produced. We had sitten in water to our knees, but
finding we were within a stone's cast of the Land, we found This hapned on
no difficulty in geting a shore. the 7 of January

Here we left our boat to be refitted by a Carpenter from
Marsailes, and by the help of some Asses got safe to this city.

I staid at Marsails but a few days, for I left my Spanish
Gentleman and his Lady to pursue by Land their journey to I wou'd
Barcelona, while I and my French companion proceeded on SeTt™:.
the Road to Lions. but that in the

In our way, as I lay at Orange, I hapned to be agreably War?..°i look
surprised about midnight with singing of Psalms, for it seems XmaJ to
my Landlord was a Protestant, and had ventured to live there, - that l ° here
tho 1 most part of all the Protestants of that country hapned wom^of",.
to be banished out of France some years before. | Nothing ^T^'
hapned to me remarkable either in Avignon or Lions, where I
staid about a week, wherefor I took my place as one of eght in
the stage coach called the Diligence, and came to Paris about
the end of January 1699.

In this City and at Versailes I saw a compend of all the
splendour and vanities of the world. The king, Louis Le Grand, 1
as he was called, was always under the Government of some
Woman or other, and vastly intoxicated with the flatteries of
those about him at that time. His son, the Dauphine, 2 was
not only alive, but three of his sons, the Duke of Burgundy,
the Duke of Anjue, 3 afterwards King of Spain, and the Duke
of Berry : the youngest of these seenfd not to be under fourteen
years of age. Old Lewis was a big black sensual man, who

1 Louis xiv., born 1638; succeeded to the crown 1643 ; died 1715.

2 Louis the Dauphin, born 1661 ; died 171 1.

3 Born 1683 ; assumed the crown of Spain, in virtue of the will of Charles n.,
1700 ; died 1746.

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS '1699

N.B.— My Lord
Stair a Relation
... when he
was Ambas-
sador at the
court of France
in ... this
great ... dye
of a Gangrene
in his leg, and
fol. 29.

left ... bed with
his ... exposed
in little better
condition than
a Dog, for all
the court de-
serted him
and went to
the Duke of
Orleans.

had ffiven a oreat deal of disturbance to Europe, and wis like
to give a great deal more.

Paris was agreeable to me only for the conversation I found
there, but was far from giving me that entertainment t had
at Rome. Every thing I saw seem'd only to be a cop) from
some great Original I saw there, Houses, palaces, villas, Ga-dens,
statues, pictures, were all mean in comparisone with what I
had observed in Italy. Versailes and its gardens I found
excelled in bulk and extent any thing I had ever seen lefore,
but they seem'd at best but awkward imitations, and at last I
wearied* so much of them that I was not at the pains to p any
where out of Paris. Operas and comedies here, Musicl, and
all entertainments except Dancing, displeased me exceediigly. |
At this last exercise I thought the French excelled all ethers,
so that the greatest Encomium I coud bestow on a Irench
man was to allow that he was a good dancer, that is, lis aire
and motion in a Dance was agreable to me, or possibly io any
British man, but to no body else, for neither the Italiais nor
Spaniards wouM allow the French any other agreable gesture
or mien but what became a Monky more than a Man.

I staid at Paris for some months, but had wearied eiceed-
ingly if it had not been for the Company of Signior Cap'i, the
Mathematician, whom the King of France had broughi from
Bolognia. There was likeways there one Mr. Glover, 1 a Scots-
man, who was a very great philosopher, and otherways 1 most
agreeable companion. With these Gentlemen, and a few ethers,
I liv'd 'till the Month of june, when I set out for Brnxeles, to
return home by the way of Holand.

I visited by the way several great cities, as Mons, Canbrey,
and Valencienes, but found them chiefly remarkable for their
fortifications. After I had observed all the curiosities of
Brussels. I went to Antwerp, which in former times hac been
the chief city of the Low countries for Trade and Maiufac-
tories, but now in absolute decay. Several things here gave

1 ' Y\~hiie I staid in Paris I followed for the most part the study of Mathe-
maticks under one Glover, who came to my House.'— MS. Travels, vol. ii. p. 170.
Probably the ' Sieur Jean Glover, Ingenieur, Gentlehomme Ecossois,' vho was
author of La Rotie Arithmctiquc, Svo, Paris, 1699, and of Nouvelh Aanniere
d'Execnier des Loteries, Svo, Paris, 1705.

1699] RETURNS TO SCOTLAND 35

me great pleasure, particularly some churches and pictures
by Rubens. However, I found I had left all the best things Even some of
of this kind at Rome and in other cities of Italy, therefor°I 5* * m*? 8 *
made all the dispatch I could 'till I arrived in Rotterdam I Italy [Rubens

T tx l J t i. -a i r> after he came

in Holand 1 triried away 3 months in making visits to my /oi. 3 o.
friends and old Acquaintances there. I was constantly with and saw some
Doctor Bouerhaven while I staid at Leyden, and found he had Greek Sues,
made a very great progress in physick and chymy. What ?m tbenVe^ad
I admired most of his Genius was, that tho 1 he was a bio- not known the
clumsey man, with fingers proportionable, yet from the time I nSurtf"" 1
had left him in Holand, he had acquired a dexterity in play-
ing on the French Lute above all men I had ever heard. As I
had acquainted him with my case when the small-pox recurred
upon me at Rome, he frankly ouned that he had tri'd his
experiment on others, but that it wou'd not do ; for tho 1 his
medicine retarded and purged off the infectious morbifick -Y.5.-The
matter of the small-pox for a time, yet it had always recurred been'^appy
with worse symptoms than before. The Doctor was an assi- in . his . oun c ? n "
duous attender and performer at Concerts of Musick, and both SUe he^acT
he and I were at least on this account acceptable in all the oTinoVukti^
best companies at Leyden, Amsterdam, or elsewhere. Holand jj* small pax
and its inhabitants entertained me likeways so well in other obtain'/fuch 06
respects, that with a much smaller allouance than I was to STwas^n
expect in Scotland, I cou'd have lived there all my life ; but * en P ractised
my Father, by reiterated commands, oblidged me to leave it ish Empire,
and go over to London. I was very unlucky in the passage ConstaSnopie.
boat, for a great storm drove | it back to the Briel ; but in &yu. 3 i.
few days afterwards I had a safe passage to Harwich, from
thence I went to London, where I staid but a few days, and
by journey riding, in company with my Unckle, Mr. William
Clerk, 1 I arrived in Scotland on the 2 of novem r 1699, after I
had been 5 years abroad.

As I passed from Hadington to Lonhead, on my way to
Pennicuik, I found my Father there, who received me very
kindly.

I was but a few days at home when I fell sick, for it seems

1 Third son of John Clerk, first proprietor of Penicuik, « bred to physic, a
man of singular humour, and a remarkable traveller. ' He died unmarried.

36 SIR JOHN" CLERICS MEMOIRS [1699

the Aire and diet of my Country did not agree with me for
some time.

After my recovery I fell again to the study of the civil law,
in order to be received into the faculty of Advocates at Ed r ,
and in the meantime I took impartial pains to discover what
advantages I had received by my 5 years absence abroad, and
to make suittable improvements. 1 On my side of the account
I had studied law with some mathematicks and phylosophy ;
I likeways spoke Dutch, French, and Italian pretty readily.
I had acquired a little more knowledge of the world ; but to
ballance all this I found I had spent 5 years of my youth to no
great purpose, for 2 or 3 years had been sufficient for all the
1 have heard real good I had done my self. I had likeways spent at least
[that] myGrand- gOO lib. Str. more than my Father knew of, which gave me a

lather when he r ,

lived at Paris, as very great deal of truble tor many years alter.
abad C o h pTr^on ad But to return to my studies of the law, they proceeded so
of the Gentle- we ^ ^.j^ me? an( j I recovered so easly what I had lost by my
men t at ^ m ^ trayels in Germany, Italy, and J France, that I passed both the
there. I believe privat and publick examinations with some applause, being
ngrTtHindfthat] afterwards admitted an Advocat. 2 The next consideration was
no young Boy j 10W ^ Q o, am a little experience in the practise of the Law.
ought to stay ° , . i » -rii , iiiri

there more than This I found very difficult, for I had a natural bashtulness,

at y mo r st 0r My which I cou'd not conquer ; and I found it always easier for
Father did best t ulease others on what I said than to please my self.

who staid in " . . , •.

Hoiand and However, this went in part over by my being constantly m
few n rr£iSs. a publick business, since the year 1703, as will be afterwards

1 His MS. Travels concludes as follows : —
' N.B. my Improvements abroad were these.

' I had studied the civil Law for 3 Winters at Leyden, and did not neglect it
at Rome, by which means I passed Advocat by a privat and publick examination
some months after my arrival, with great ease and some credite.

' I spoke French and Italian very well, but particularly Dutch, having come
young into Hoiand, and keept more in the company of Holanders than those of
my own Country.

' I had applied much to Classical Lairning, and had more than an ordinary
inclination for the Greek and Roman Antiquities.

' I understood pictures better than became my Purse, and as to Musick, I
rather performed better, particularly on the Herpesecord, than became a Gentle-
man.

' This to the best of my knowledge is a faithful account of myself.

'John Clerk.'

- He was admitted an advocate on 20th July 1700.

RETURNS TO SCOTLAND

showen. However, as the same bashfulness was, it seems, part
of ray constitution, it never left me to this houer ; for tho' I
have had many occasions to speak in publick, not only as a "
Baron of the Exchequer, but frequently as head of the Court, I
never spoke but against my inclinations, and indeed it has
been my constant choise rather to hear others than speak my
self, even in privat conversations. The Talent of Copiousness
and Loquacity I abominated in all my acquaintances, and
therefor cou'd never think to practise it my self.

I was about 2-i years of age when I was admitted an
Advocat, and a little after my Father tried all the ways he
cou'd think of to have me marry with some prospect of real
advantage with regard to my Fortune. He had projected a the P— t of

Wife for me, the Daughter of , l but the Lady was the — n '

not to my taste, and indeed it was happy for me to have stopt
short in this Amour, for she proved the most disagreable
woman I ever knew, tho otherways a nise enough conceity
woman. |

The next attempt my Father made was for the Daughter off°?- 33-
a certain Lord, afterwards an Earle, 2 but before I made any Earl of H— d.
advances that way, I found that she was engaged to a neigh-
bouring Gentleman, Mr. C. of 0., to whom she was afterwards
married, and proved a very good Woman for the short time she
lived. The third attempt of this kind was indeed a choise of
my own, Lady Margaret Stuart, the eldest sister of the Earl Lady Margaret
of Galloway. 3 This young ladv was a very handsome woman, Stuart -
and for the most part bred up in Galloway, a stranger to
the follies of Edin., and one with whom I thought I cou\l
be very happy. She was about 22 years of Age, and was the
daughter of very honourable and verteous parents, Alexander,
Earl of Galloway, 4 and Lady Mary Douglass, eldest sister

1 There are blanks here in the MS.

- John, second Lord Carmichael, created Earl of Hyndford in 1700. His
eldest daughter Beatrice married, in 1700, John Cockburn of Ormiston, the well-
known agricultural reformer, eldest son of Adam Cockburn, Lord Justice-Clerk.

3 She was sister of James, fifth Earl of Galloway. See Illustration No. VI.,
from a portrait by Aikman, in the possession of Sir George Clerk, who also has
a wax cast of her face, taken after death.

4 Alexander, third Earl of Galloway, and his wife Lady Mary Douglas, eldest
daughter of James, second Earl of Queensberry.

38 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1701

of William, Dake of Queensberry. We contracted a friendship
and familiarity with one another in the space of 5 or 6 months
that her Brother brought her to Edin. to see her Friends.
My Father was exceedingly pleased with the match, but wou'd
contract very small things for a Lady of Quality to live on,
viz., about 4000 ms. Scots yearly for our support during his
life, and 4000 ms. for a joynture in case I hapned to die before
He was satis- her. The Earl her Brother scrupled much at this, because
jointure, but she was provided to 2000 lib. ster. of portion and something
ouTpresent Vlt:i more » w ^ich had been saved to her in her minority. However
provision. she was resolved to take her hazard, and we were married with
the consent of all parties, on the 6th of March 1701.

About two weeks after, we were carried out by my Father to
Pennicuik, where we lived all very happily together till the
/oi. 34. month of ! novemb r . I had waited in the Summer Session at
Edn. as an Advocat, and in the begining of Winter we took
a lodging in Town, partly to attend the Session, but chiefly
that my Wife inclined to have a House of her own since she
found herself with child.

My Father gave us a sufficiency of money to furnish up our
little House in a very handsome way, and so I commenced the
head of a Family, being then about 25 vears of Ace.

I should have noticed a circumstance preceeding my Marriage,
which in reality laid the happiness of my whole Life, and which
was this. The Parliament of Scotland, which met on the 29
Oct r 1700. by appointment of King William, had for his
Majesty's high Commissioner James Duke of Queensberry, 1
who was Cousin German to the Earl of Galloway and Lady
Margaret Stuart, my future Spouse. My Father hapned to
have the honour of his acquaintance as a Member of Parlia-
ment, and on the same account was frequently with him. The
Earl of Galloway had acquainted him of our intention, and
upon this notice his Grace invited me once and again to dine
with him. As he was a very friendly affable man, I had the

1 The second Duke of Queensberry, and first Duke of Dover, born 1 8th
December 1662. lie 'represented the king as high-commissioner to the parlia-
ment of Scotland, 1700, acquitting himself so much to his Majesty's satisfaction
that he was nominated a Knight of the Garter iSth June 1701, and installed at
Windsor 10th July following.' He died 6th July 171 1.

L A D V M A R (", A KTT STUART
First U'ifi of Baron Sir J<,?in Clerk

HIS FIRST WIFE

good fortune of coming into favour with him. He spoke to
my Father about the match, and pressed him to enlarge the
yearly allouance he proposed to give us. My Father it seems
contented him by telling him I was to get all he had except
very moderat provisions for my Brothers and Sisters, where-
upon he gave his consent to my marriage. To this alliance,
therefor, I owed the greatest felicity of my Life, as will appear
in the sequel of this account.

After my Wife and I had been settled in our House for a
few weeks I fell ill of a cold. My Wife was anxiously con-
cerned about me, j which gave me more truble than my desease,yW. 35 .
and to add to my afflictions it seems, God was to deprive me
of this valouable woman, for she fell into labour, and a few
hours after being delivered of a son, she died to the unspeak-
able grief of every Body who knew her.

The best account I can give of her death is this. On the
20 of Decemb r 1700, 1 about midnight, her pains came upon
her. I was then oblidged to leave her Room, being every way
in great distress, but she took leave of me with a seeming
satisfaction, and said she hoped that she cou'd be in no danger.

Towards the morning, when she felt her pains coming fast
upon her, she sent for my Father, for he was then in his own
Lodging in Edin., and beged he wou'd pray for her, since she
was assured that she was dying. He accordingly prayed very
fervently for her, having a great regard to her, but encouraged
her all he couM by telling her that there was not one bad
symptom about her. Still she persisted that she was steping
into Eternity, for it seems she felt some of these symptoms in
child bearing of which her Mother, Lady Mary Douglass, died. At least she

About 7 in the morning she was brought to bed of a Son, to afte'Ahey"..
the satisfaction of all about her, but when everv body had run and her [mother]

born 12

into my Room to carry me the good news, she fell into fainting children ...
Fits, and on recovering a little out of them, she sent to acquaint
me that she found her self dying, and therefor wanted to see
me. This was a terrible shock to me, being at that instant
very ill and in bed, however, I got quickly up, and by the
assistence of some of the women I stagered into my dear Wife's

1 A clerical error for 1701, the year stated in Douglas's Peerage, where, how
ever, the day is given the 26th December.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1701

fol. 36.

... the most
melancholy
Schene that
ever hapned to
a poor young
Man exalted to
the highest
degree of his
wishes, and in
a few houres
throuen down
into a Gulph
of the greatest
misery.

fol. 37.

Room, to whom it pleased God I should make my last Visite. |
I fell on my knees on her bed side, and prayed that God wou'd
spare her, but she interrupted me with these words, My dear
Life, I must leave you, but I am hopeful that I shall be happy,
and that God will be merciful to my Soul. Live and take care
qf our poor Child. She would have said more, but my Father,
judging that she wouM be much the worse by speaking, carried
me from her, and I was never blest with the sight of her any
more.

No Tongue can express the sadness of my condition. I
returned to bed, but in such a plight as no body cou"d well
decern whither I was dead or alive.

A little while after, her Brother, Colonel Stuart of Sorbie, 1
came to see her, to whom she said, taking him by the hand,
Dear John, farewell, for I am just steping into Eternity.

Tho she seenVd to me extreamly fond and anxious to have a
son, yet she choised not to call to see him, but recommended
him with great earnestness to my Father and all the Friends
about her.

We had called for one of the chief Physitians in Tovn, one
Doctor Hackete, 2 and two of the chief chyrurgeons, my unckle
Robert Clerk, and one Mr. Hamilton, 3 a man much emploied
in Midwifery. They took all the pains about her thev cou'd
think of, but I am afraied they were too hasty in their opera-
tions, by which she lost a vast deal of blood. The placenta,
it seems, was adhering to the uterus, and this they thought
themselves oblidged to bring away by force. They encouraged
her afterwards with hopes that she wou'd be very well, but
she was positive that she was dying, ; and therefor gave herself
up intirely to prayer. Mr. Meldrum, 4 a very pious Minister in

3 Brigadier-General the Hon. James Stewart of Sorbie, third son of Alex-
ander, third Earl of Galloway. He died at Scobie, 22d April 1748.

" Dr. James Halket was an original member of the Royal College of Phy-
sicians, Edinburgh, at its incorporation on St. Andrew's Day, 16S1. He was
elected President of the College on 30th November 1704.

3 James Hamilton, elected a member of the Royal College of Surgeons,
Edinburgh, on 3d October 1695, anc ^ President 1702-3.

4 The Rev. George Meldrum was Regent of Marischal College, Aberdeen,
and in 165S was elected by the Town Council minister of the second charge in
Aberdeen. He was deprived by the Acts of Parliament nth June, and of Privy

I/Ol]

DEATH OF HIS FIRST WIFE

Town, came to see her, at which she expressed the outmost
satisfaction, and tho he wou'd not allow her to speak, she
expressed great fervency in prayer by her eyes and hands lifted
up to heaven.

In the meantime her Doctors were not despairing of her
recovery, wherefor, it being Sunday, 21 of D r , some of her
Friends went to church, and those who staid at home con-
tinued to keep her quiet, so far as her intollerable pains wou'd
allow her.

From 9 to 10 in the morning these pains increased, and her
cries were so piercing to me in the next Room that it wou'd
be very difficult for any body to conceive the vast agony they
put me in.

About half an Houer after Ten the Doctor came to me and
acquainted me that my dear Wife was indeed very ill and in
great danger. I took his visite as from a Messenger of Death,
and therefor did the best I cou'd to prepare my self for the
heavy stroke that was to befall me, and indeed the greatest
comfort I had at the time was that I my self was very ill, and
was in hopes soon to follow her.

About eleven I was informed that she turned her self in bed
with the same easiness as if she had been in health, and calling i may say with
on God to receive her soul, she never spoke more. Thus I lost Ergo^per-
the best woman that ever breathed Life, for besides many pemus sopor

Council 1st October 1662 ; suspended by the Synod 24th October after till 1st
January next, for not subscribing canonical obedience, and deposed by the
Bishop and Synod the same month. Having been accused of seditious carriage,
he was summoned before the Privy Council 16th December succeeding. On
taking the oath of allegiance and declaring his readiness to comply with Epis-
copacy, he was recommended by them to the Primate, in order to his being
reponed, which was done accordingly. He was Rector in Marischal College ten
times, and was deprived of his charge in 16S1 for not taking the Test. He was
admitted minister of Kilwinning in 16SS, and was transferred to the second
charge of the Tron Church, Edinburgh, in 1692 ; elected Moderator of the
General Assembly in 169S, and again in 1703 ; and Professor of Divinity in the
University in 1701. Died iSth February 1709, in the seventy-fifth year of his
age and fifty-first of his ministry. He was a ' learned, pious, and laborious
minister, had great abilities for his office, having a most sweet, plain, pathetick
way of preaching, yet very pungent and affectionate in his application of doctrine,
being of a godly and upright conversation, and a large compass of solid know-
ledge.' Several of his sermons and pamphlets were published. — See Scott's
Fasti.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1701

Urguet ! cui
Pudor, et Jus-
titiae soror

Incorrupta

Sol. 38.
Fides, nuda-
que Veritas

Nunquam (sic)
invenietparem.

Tho she hated
to be talkative,
she was the
most eloquent
woman when
she behoved to
talk that ever I
knew in my
Life, she was
far from being
censorious, but
so great a
mimick that
where there was
any thing sin-
gular in any
body's voice
or gesture, she
cou'd imitat it
to a surprising
degree.

My Father, who
was vastly fond
of him, wou'd
have taken him
to Pennicuik,
but as he was
only child of
his [son] he
shuned to ...
least any mis-
fortune had
hapned to ...
because he
keept ... very
well under the
care of so
kindly a woman
as Lady Carrny,
my [aunt] was.

excellent qualifications which admirably fitted her to be my
Wife, she was a person of vast piety, was much acquainted
with the Scriptures, and j unweariedly assiduous in her duty to
God. She was sober and plain in her diet, dress, and vastly
inclined to acts of charity, suitable to what she had to bestow.
She was prudent and frugal, a persone of excellent sense, and
no bodv coiTd give a better advice in most things.

I had therefor good reasone to bewail her loss, and envy the
Grave which divided me from her. I courted sickness and
death at that time, and for many months after, more than
ever I had courted Life in the greatest height of my prosperity. 1

My father likeways shewed no less concern for her, and with
many tears lamented her death.

Some houres after this heavy misfortune I was carried into
Rooms in the next house, for my sickness and affliction made
me so weak that I cou'd not stand on my feet.

My poor unfortunat Son, 2 like a phenix from the ashes of
his mother, was carried away by the Lady Carrnie, 3 a sister
of my Father, with whom he staid for several years, till he
was fit for the school.

In the mean time preparations were made for my Wife's
intendment, which my Father and I appointed to be in our
burial place at Pennicuik. This last ceremonie was performed
by coaches from Edin., on the 24 of december, and she was
laid in a coffin of lead near to my Mother.

It was afterwards the least part of my truble to see my little
family, so lately set up, all dispersed, and every one of us, except
a single servant to wait on my self, sent to different places.

My Wife had an only Sister, Lady Henretta Stuart, 4 whom
she fondly loved, and who staid with her from our coming to

1 At folio 3S of the MS. is inserted a poem of fifty-three lines, in Clerk's
handwriting, titled, ' Some Verses on the Death of my dear wife, Lady Margaret
Stuart, who died in childbed, 21 December 1700, aged 22 years,' inscribed before
his signature, ' Sic lugens cecini, 2ofeb. 1701.'

2 See Illustration No. vn., from a portrait by William Aikman, in the pos-
session of Sir George Clerk.

3 Margaret, eldest daughter of John Clerk, the first owner of Penicuik. She
married William Aikman of Cairny, and was mother of William Aikman, the por-
trait-painter, who sold the property when he started for the Continent to study art.

4 Lady Henriet Stuart, youngest daughter of Alexander, third Earl of Galloway.

VII

JOHN c:.r. UIC
Eldest Son of Karon Sir Jphu Cltrh

1 701] HIS GRIEF AND ILLNESS 43

Town to her death. This young lady, with unspeakable NB This
sorrow, went j likeways to another house, and sometime after- >/. 39 .
wards to Galloway. The Earl, her Brother, was then in that y° un s Lad y
country, and was in the deepest affliction for his sister, without yo^le^than
the opportunity, which he regretted much, of paying his last wa^afterwSs

duty to her. married to the

After my Wife's death, I lived in Edin., retired from all cakn° en "
mortals, for I never went any where but once every third day f t nf aiiv? 26
to see my son, who was extreamly like his mother and the Dr - I 7SC3]-
family of Galloway. I recovered weakly from the indis-
position I was in, and even the small degree of health I
enjoyed was disagreable to me. My Father saw me often,
and took much pains to comfort me, but to little purpose, for
I got no rest in the night time but by taking pretty large
doses of Laudanum, and at last, by meer mismanagement of
my self, I fell into a Hectique Feaver. It was then the month
of May, when the country Aire was in its perfection ; by my
Father's advice, therefore, and that of the Doctors about me,
I retired to Pennicuik.

Here I grew better by a kind of milk and vegetable diet,
and at last recovered perfectly.

In my melancholly situation I was much oblidged to the
Earl of Galloway and Colonel Stuart, my Wife's Brother.
They kept a close correspondence with me, and ever after did
me all the good offices that were in their power.

I was no less oblidged to the Duke of Queensberry, their
Cousin, who always treated me as if I had been his Son. as will
afterwards more particularly appear.

I spent the remainder of the year 1T01 in great solitude, 1701.
being seldom in Edin., and I lived for some months in the
year 1702 | much in the same way, and for the most part at / 0 i. 40 .
Pennicuik with my Father.

In June 1702 the Earl of Galloway came to see me at Pen-
nicuik, on his way to Edin., being called to attend the Parlia-

1 William, twelfth Earl of Glencairn, succeeded his father in 1704. He
supported the Treaty of Union, was sworn a Privy Councillor, and appointed
Governor of Dumbarton Castle. Died 14th March 1734. The date of his
marriage to Lady Henriet Stuart is given by Douglas as 20th February 1704.
(Compare folio 52 of this MS.) She survived till 21st October 1763, when she
died in Glasgow in her eighty-first year.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1702

ment. The sight of him revived all my sorrows, and I believe
our meeting had the same effect on him, for he never spoke of
his sister but with Tears.

I went with him to Edin., and in his company attended the
Duke of Queensberry, who was then the High Commissioner
to the parliament. His Grace made his compliments of con-
dolence on the death of his Cousin with great civility and
humanity. I made him such returns as I thought suitable,
and from that moment he took a resolution to advance me to
every station in the Government of Scotland that he thought
proper for me.

His Grace was a compleat Courtier, and partly by art, and
partly by nature, he had brought himself into a habite of say-
ing very civil and oblidging things to every body. I knew his
charecter, and there for was not much elated with his promises.
However, I found afterwards that there was nothing he had
promised to do for me but what he made good.

After this, his Grace not only allowed me, but desired me to
attend him in Parliament, which I constantly did 'till its
dissolution.

The chief design of this session of Parliament was to recog-
nize the Authority of her Majesty Queen Ann on the death of
her predecessor, King William, and to impouer her to nominate
Commissioners for a Treaty of Union between Scotland and
England, j

The Duke got these two points setled to his satisfaction by
the 1 and 7 Act of this session 1702 ; he likeways induced the
parliament to write a letter to her Majesty in relation to the
union, which, by the bye, shews that all the people of Scotland
were to expect a Treaty of Union in due time, and consequently
were to prepare such instructions to their Members of parlia-
ment as they thought fit.

In consequence of the above Act impowring the Queen to
name Commissioners for a Treaty of Union, they were accord-
ingly appointed ; but upon meeting with the Commissioners
for England to the same effect, they came to no final resolu-
tions ; this great work therefor fell to the lot of other Com-
missioners appointed in the year 1706, of which number I
hapned to be one.

1702]

THE DUKE OF QUEENSBERRY

Upon the rising of the parliament of Scotland, about the
end of June 1702, the Duke of Queensberry took journey for
London, and his cousin, the Earl of Galloway, and some others
of his Friends, waited on him to Dunbar. I was permitted to
be one of the retinue, and, after taking leave of the Duke, I
returned with the Earl to Pennicuik, and from thence in a day or
two I waited on him to the Lead hills on his way to Galloway.

I return VI afterwards to Edin., and as an Advocate waited
on the Court of Session till the vacation in August.

From the beginning of this Month till the first of november

I continued at Pennicuik, but still in a very melancholly and

solitary way. In the mean time, I found j that my appointed^/. 42.

time of Death was not come ; for tho 1 I both wished for it and

stood prepared for it, with a full resignation to the great

Author of my being, vet I found that some of my Maladies I often reflected
<t.i'i n r 1 ■ 1 i i on these words

went oft by degrees. My late heavy loss, however, came 0 f Horace—

houerly into my mind, which I found, in spight of all my J^-SJgj ^J.

endeavours, nothing but Time cou'd remedy. entia quidquid

. corn°"ere est

During the Winter session I lived very retiredly, studied nefast 1
hard, eated and sleept little, and yet it pleased God to
recover me perfectly, and to furnish me with a good stock
of Health.

In March 1703 I return'd to live with my Father in Penni-
cuik, and about this time fell exceedingly into the humure of
planting and makeing of nurseries.

My Father observing this, devolved upon me all his concerns
this way, and I began my first plantations on the south side of
the House of Pennicuik, near the Water of Esk, at an old coal
hole on the Brae, to which, from Don Quixote's cave, we gave
the name of Montesina's Cave. 2

About this time likeways I was made very happy by the
return of my second Brother, called Henry, 3 who been bred a
sea man in the East Indies, and, as there was always great love
and friendship between us, we never parted till Death seperated
us in the year 1715.

1 Od. i. 24.

2 This still exists in the bank at the north of Harlaw Loch.

3 Henry Clerk, second son of Sir John Clerk, first Baronet of Penicuik, died
unmarried in 1 7 1 5. See folio 101 of this MS.

46 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1703

While I staid at Pennicuik in Aprile 1703, an incident
hapned to me which contributed very much to my future
M- 43- Advantages, j for a new Parliament being called to meet in
May thereafter, I found no difficulty, by the interest of the
Earl of Galloway, to get my self chosen for the Bur^h of
Whithorn in Galloway as its representative. 1

This Parliament began on the 6th of that month, the Duke
of Queensberry being appointed her Majesty's Commissioner.
It began with the usual procession from the Abey of Holy-
roodhouse to the Parliament House in Edin. The Lords,
Barons, and representatives for the Royal Burrows, made a
very grand appearance, and such as I never saw the like in any
foreign place. The last solemnity of this kind, I my self had
occasion to see, in the year 1686, when the Father of this
Duke of Queensberry was High Commissioner. I was then a
very young Boy, and had not the least apprehension for many
years after that I should make one at the next Cavalcade of
this kind.

A convention of Estates followed the Revolution bv King
ParHamenL William in 1688, which was afterwards turned into a parlia-
ment, and continued 'till the Death of that King in 1702.
The same parliament continued to sit upon the accession of
Queen Ann to the Crown, and was not dissolved till the vear
1703, when the new Parliament was called.

I need not describe the solemnity of the above Cavalcade ; 2
only, with regard to my self, I was mounted on a fine gray
pad belonging to the Duke of Queensberry, and equipt with
f° L 44- black velvet | accoutrements, as all the representatives of the
Roval Burrows were.

1 He represented Whithorn in the Scottish Parliament 1702-7, and in the
first Parliament of Great Britain, 1707-S.

2 See Extracts from the Registers of the Privy Council of Scotland, and other
Papers connected with the Method and Manner of Pyding the Scottish Parlia-
ment, MDC-MDCCII.' — Maitland Club Miscellany, vol. iii., 1S43. A series of three
drawings representing the cavalcade in 1685 is preserved in the Advocates'
Library ; the first and third being drawings by Chalmers, herald painter to
James VII. s the second a drawing by Horace Walpole from the original, now
lost. The series was reproduced in a set of engravings dedicated to David, Earl
of Buchan. by Alexander Kincaid. A less accurate portrayal of the pageant at
the opening of the Scots Parliament is engraved in Gueudeville's Atlas Historique
(Amsterdam. 1708).

1703] CHOSEN MEMBER FOR WHITHORN 47

We proceeded to the Parliament House, where the Duke,
having had his Commission read, made us a fine speech after
the House had been regularly constituted, as the custom was.
The Earl of Seafield, 1 afterwards Earl of Finlatere, adjourned as Chancellor,
us for a day or two by another speech, and we returned all
back to the Abey in the same formalities we came to the
Parliament House. There we were splendidly entertain'd by
his Grace, and I was for the most part always at dinner with
him while the parliament continued to sit.

I have throuen togither some observations on this session of
Parliament in another Manuscript book, so shall say little here.
It was divided in 3 factions, who, as they had different views,
drove different ways. The first was what was called the Court
party ; they were for supporting the Crown and the Credite of
the High Commissioner, consequently they were for giving
moderat subsidies for supporting the Government against the
insults of the French, with whom we were, at that time, in war.
They had the union of the two nations in view, because they not
only considered it as the happiest thing that cou"d be brought
about for the Interest of Great Britain, but because it was
expressly recommended to them by the Queen. The second
faction was that of the Jacobites ; they Avere to thwart and
disturb the Administration at any rate. The third faction was
what went under the name of the j Squadrone Volante. These/*/. 46.
consisted of about fifeteen Lords and Gentlemen, all Whiffs
in their principles, but who herded together, and keept little
or no communication with the Duke of Queensberry and his
Friends. They were for opposing every thing which they
durst oppose, but to keep firmly in their view the succession of
the Crown in the House of Hanover. They pretended to be
great Patriots, and to stand up chiefly in defence of the rights
and privileges of the subjects; in a word, the publick good
and the liberty of the subjects were still in their mouths, but A true descrip-
in their Hearts they were known to have Court preferments £°? ri °J ti ^ dern
and places in the chiefest degree of veneration. These were
the springs and motives of all their Actions, which appeared
in a hundred instances thereafter. However, by the bye, I

1 Viscount Seafield, fourth Earl of Findiater ; see note, p. 62,

48 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1703

must say that such a Squadrone Volante in any Parliament
seems to be always a happy means in the hand of Providence
to keep the several members of an Administration in their
duty, for people in great power seldom fail to take more upon
them than falls to their share.

The chiefs of the Squadrone Lords were the Dukes of Mon-
trose 1 and Roxburgh, 2 the Earls of Rothess 3 and Hadington, 4
all these young men of about 24 years of Age ; but the chief of
all, at least the man under whose name they principally voted,
was the Marquise of Twedale, 5 a very good Man, but not per-
fectly qualified for Court intrigues. |

Amontrst their Gentlemen was one Mr. Fletcher of Saltoun, 6

1 James, fourth Marquis of Montrose, succeeded his father in 1685. In 1705
he was appointed Lord High Admiral of Scotland, and in 1706 President of the
Council. For his steady support to the Union and the Protestant Succession he
was created Duke of Montrose in 1707. He was appointed Keeper of the Privy
Seal in 1709, and re-appointed in 1716; and in 1714 he succeeded the Earl of
Mar as a principal Secretary of State. Died 1742.

- John, fifth Earl of Roxburghe, succeeded his brother in 1696. In 1704 he
was appointed one of the Secretaries of State, and for his promotion of the
Union and the Protestant Succession he was created Duke of Roxburghe in 1707.
Having distinguished himself during the Rebellion of 17 15, he was constituted
Secretary of State for Scotland in 17 16. Died 1741.

3 John, seventh Earl of Rothes, succeeded his mother in 1700. He was
Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1704, in 1 715 was very active against the rebels, and
fought at Sheriffmuir. Died 1722.

4 Thomas, sixth Earl of Haddington. Born 1680, a younger brother of the
Earl of Rothes; in 1687 he had a charter of the earldom of Haddington, and
succeeded his father, Charles, the fifth Earl. He fought with great courage at
Sheriffmuir, 15th November 171 5, when he was wounded and had a horse shot
under him. He occupied himself greatly in planting and improving his estate of
Tyninghame, and died 2SA November 1735.

5 John, second Marquis of Tweeddale, born 1645, was Colonel of the East
Lothian regiment raised to suppress the rebels on the invasion of Scotland in
1685 by the Earl of Argyll, and he was High Treasurer of Scotland in 1695.
He succeeded his father in 1697, was High Commissioner to the Scots Parlia-
ment in 1704, and succeeded the Earl of Seafield as High Chancellor of Scot-
land in that year. He married, in 1666, Lady Anne Maitland, only child of
the Duke of Lauderdale, and died in 1713.

6 Andrew Fletcher of Salton, the celebrated patriot, son and heir of Sir
Robert Fletcher, born 1655, died 1716. The following opinion of our author
upon Fletcher is quoted in a note in Somerville's History of Great Britain during
the Reign of Queen Anne (London, 1798, p. 204), 'from Sir John Clerk's MS.
notes on Lockhart's Memoirs' pp. 71, 156: — 'Mr. Fletcher's schemes had but

1703]

THREE POLITICAL PARTIES

a Man of Republican principles, who had spent his youth in
Holand, had been forfeited under the late King James, but
afterwards restored under King William by Act of Parliament.
He was a man a little untoward in his temper, and much in-
clined to Eloquence. He made many speeches in Parliament, n.b. These
which are all printed, but was not very dexterous in makino- ^P e r eche f are , t0

1 •> o be found in the

extemporary replies. He was, however, a very Honest Man, 38 volume of
and meant well in every thing he said and did, except in cases I book 8? 5°
where his humure, passion, or prejudices were suffered to get
the better of his reasone.

The above mentioned Factions rubb'd upon one another
and with great severity, so that we were often in the form of
a Polish diet, with our swords in our hands, or at least our
hands at our swords. In all this struggle, therefore, there was
no great good done, so that I am persuaded we had spent our
time at home more to the benefite of the nation.

In this session, to silence the murmurs of some splenetick
people, and those who were Ennemies to the last administration
under King William, an Act past impowering certain Com-
missioners to enquire into the publick accompts and debts of
the nation. I had the honour to be chosen one of them, I
suppose by the Duke of Queensbenys recommendation. At
this time, being in an humure of scribling, and debates rising
very high about j Limitations on the Crown to take place after foi. 4 s.
her Majesty's decease, I took upon me to write two Pamphlets,
one against diminishing the antient prerogatives of the Crown
the oth er an Essay upon the intended Limitations. Both were
well received by those of my own sentiments, others were pycked
at them ; but few ever discovered that I was the Author. 1

There was likeways a notable Act concerted this Session of
parliament, intituled Act for Security of the Kingdom ; but
it was refused the Royal assent till the subsequent session of
Parliament, of which hereafter.

By this Act all the people of Scotland were to be armed,

very little credit, because he himself was often for changing them, though in
other respects a very- worthy man. It used to be said of him that it would be
easy to hang him by his own schemes of government, for if they had taken place
he would have been the first man that would have attempted an alteration.'
1 I have been unable to identify these two pamphlets.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1703

and a provision made that on the event of the Queens death,
the persone chosen in England to succeed her should not
succeed to the Crown of Scotland, unless certain conditions
should be granted by the English to the Scots, such as a free
communication of Trade and the Liberty of the Plantations, etc.

From the rising of the Parliament, which was about the end
of September 1703, I retired to Pennicuik, and applied very
closely to my studies, especially to the law and practise of
Scotland in all its several Courts, for I was resolved that the
favours which some of my Good Friends had heaped on me
should not be thought entirely throuen away, and in pursu-
ance of which I returnd to Town about the begining of
Novembr, and joined with those Commissioners who had been
appointed in the last session of parliament to state and
foi. 45 . examine the | publick accompts.

This affaire opened up to me a very great scene of Business,
for all the Books of the Privy Council of Scotland, all those
of the Exchequer and Treasury, all the Accompts of the
Customs, Excise, and every Branch of the publick Revenue,
with the Books that concern d our Army, all our Garisons
and military affaires, were to be laid before us, and perused
with that accuracy as to lay a proper state of them before the
next session of Parliament.

The Commissioners appointed for this end were 5 of each
state, the Earles of Galloway, Noresk, 1 Balcarras, 2 and Dun-
more, 3 with the Viscount of Stair 4 for the nobility; S r Rob.

1 David, fourth Earl of Northesk, succeeded his father in 168S, and was sworn
a Privy Councillor 1702. He supported the Treaty of Union, and was chosen a
Scottish representative Peer in 1708, and re-chosen 17 10 and 17 13. Died 1729.

2 Colin, third Earl of Balcarres, succeeded his brother in 1659. He was
imprisoned for raising troops for the restoration of James VII. ; and on the failure
of Sir James Montgomery of Skelmorly's plot, in 1690, he retired to the Continent,
returning in 1700. In 1715 he joined the Pretender's standard, and after the
insurrection was quelled was confined in his own house till the Indemnity. Died
1722. His Account of the A fairs of Scotland relating to the Revolution of 1688
was published in 1 7 14.

3 Charles Murray, second son of John, first Marquis of Atholl, was created
Earl of Dunmore in 16S6. After the Revolution, he was imprisoned, in 1692,
along with the Earl of Middleton. On the accession of Queen Anne he was
sworn a Privy Councillor, and supported the Union. Died 17 10.

i John Dalrymple, second Viscount of Stair. Born about 1648: created
Earl of Stair, 1703 ; died 1707.

1703] COMMISSION ON PUBLIC ACCOUNTS 51

Dundass of Arniston, 1 Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall, 2 John
Haldan of Glenegles, 3 and William Seaton younger of Pit-
meden 4 for the Barons ; Colin Campbel, 5 Mr. Dougal Stuart, 6
Sir David Cuningham, 7 Mr. Rob* Fraser, 8 and my self, for the
Burrous. »

After our first meeting, the business was all devolved on four
of us, Mr. Dougal Stuart, Advocat, Mr. Robt. Fraser, Advocat,
Mr. William Seaton of Pitmedden, my self, and some times,
tho seldom, the Viscount of Stair, afterwards Earl of Stair.

1 Robert Dundas, second Lord Arniston, eldest son of Sir James Dundas,
first Lord Arniston, and his first wife Marian, daughter of Robert Lord Boyd.
He was admitted a Senator of the College of Justice in 1689, and died 25th
November 1726. (See Arniston Memoirs.) His eldest surviving son was the
first Lord President Dundas.

2 Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall passed advocate in 1668, and was counsel
to the Duke of Monmouth at his trial in 16S6. He was appointed an ordinary
Lord of Session in 1689, and a Lord of Justiciar}' in 1690, and created a Baronet
of Nova Scotia in 1690. Died 1722. His wife was Margaret, second daughter
of Sir Alexander Seton, Lord Pitmedden.

3 John Haldane succeeded his father Mungo Haldane, M.P., of Gleneagles,
in 16S5. He was one of the members for Perthshire in the Convention of 1689,
his seat being declared vacant in 1693, because he had not signed the Assurance.
He was M.P. for Dumbartonshire 1700-2, and for Perthshire 1702-7, and in the
first Parliament of Great Britain 1707-8.

4 Son of Sir Alexander Seton, first Baronet of Pidmedden, whom he suc-
ceeded in 1719, and brother-in-law of Sir John Lauder of Fountainhall. He
represented the county of Aberdeen in the Scots Parliament from 1702 till 1706,
and was a Commissioner for the Union. He was author of The Interest of
Scotland, in Three Essays, Svo, n.p., 1700; Some Thoughts on Ways and Means
for making this Nation a Gainer in Foreign Commerce, Svo, Edin. 1705 ; Speech

. . . on the First Article of the Treaty of the Union, 4to, Edin. 1706; and
Scotland's Great Advantages by a Union with England, 4to, n.p., 1706. Died
1744.

5 Colin Campbell, son of John Campbell of Woodside, represented Renfrew
in Parliament 1702-7 ; died 1746.

6 Dugald Stewart, younger brother of James, first Earl of Bute, passed
advocate in 1694; was M.P. for Rothesay 1702-7; for Perthshire 170S ; and
Buteshire 1708 ; he was appointed a Lord of Session and Justiciary 1709, as
Lord Blairhill ; and died 17 10.

7 Sir David Cunyngham, son of David Cunyngham of Milncraig, co. Ayr,
and of Livingstone, co. Linlithgow, was admitted advocate 1673; was M.P.
for Lauder 1702-7 ; created a Baronet of Nova Scotia 1702. He married (first)
the Hon. Isabella Dalrymple, youngest daughter of James, first Viscount Stair ;
(second) Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Robert Baird, Bart., of Saughton Hall.
Died 1708.

8 Robert Fraser was admitted advocate 16S6, and was M.P. for Wick 1702-7.

52 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1704

fol. 53.

Here I make a
vain figure, but
what can I do
in order to tell
the truth.
These Egotisms
I cannot
help, other-
ways this
account of my
Life must be
vastly defective.
These facts I
thought fit to
notise in order
to appologise
for ... other ...
of ... may
hereafter ...

We began with the funds of Cess, Customs, and Excise,
from the year 1689 to the year 1701.

After having stated and considered the charges and dis-
charges relative to each year, and made proper observations
about the application of the money, we proceeded to the
Grants of Herth money and Pole money, 1 and brought all who
had been concernd in the several Branches of the Revenue
before us.

We found in the course of our Enquiries that very great
abuses had been committed, for still a considerable part of
the money remained in the rapacious hands of those who had
collected it.

We finished our Enquiry in about 6 months, for we came to
be weary of our office of Inquisiton. I had the fatigue of
drawing up the Report from the several books and papers laid
before us, which, after being approven of and signed by all
the Commissioners, was laid before the Parliament.

This session of parliament met on the 6 of July 1704, the
Marquise of Twedale being her Majesty's High Commissioner.
He, it seems, had undertaken great tilings, and particularly to
get the succession to the Crown of Scotland setled on the
House of Hanover, with an oath of abjuration enacted against
the Pretender, the son of the late King James the 7 th , who
had taken upon him the stile and tittle of King of Great
Britain, or if these projects coifd not succeed in parliament,
he was at least to please those Members of the last 'session of

1 Hearth money and Poll money were special taxes imposed by the Scottish
Parliament towards the end of the last century to meet arrears due to the country
and the army. Hearth money was apparently first imposed by an Act passed in
1690, when a tax of fourteen shillings Scots was levied upon each hearth in the
country, the only exception being those of hospitals and of paupers in receipt of
parochial relief. From a report lodged in 1704, it would appear that this tax
had realised .£151,921, 8s., and that over eight thousand hearths had been
exempted under the statute.

Poll money seems to have been first imposed for the relief of heritors and
others who were liable for supplies ; but in 1691 an Act was passed imposing
six shillings Scots upon every one per head, except paupers and the children
under sixteen of the poorer class living in family with them, and in addition a
scale of payment fixed according to the rank and means of the individual. The
money so raised was, as in the case of the hearth tax, for arrears due to the
country and army. — M.

1704] THE SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT

parliament who had carried on the above mentioned Act of
Security.

By these projects, the Duke of Queensberry and his Friends
were laid aside, for as the Hannoverian interest prevaiFd
greatly in the Court at London, there was a necessity to give
them all manner of satisfaction who pushed for the immediat
settlement of the aforesaid succession.

The Queen her self, and some few about her, particularly
her prime ministers, the Earl of Godolphin 1 and the Duke of
Marlebrugh, were far from approving of the sd measure, for |
tho they saw that there was no real security for the Revolution f °}- SI -
or Whig interest without such a settlement, yet they wanted this Act of
to have it done by means of an Union of the two Kingdoms, ciause^eiating

In the progress of the session of parliament a trial was made l ° the llber . l y of

r o ^ tr the plantations

to settle the above mentioned succession with a great many was by some
limitations on the Crown, such as that no Officers of State 0 °l t f 0r tn0
should be created without consent of parliament, and, in a itwas ^ ° 0 ed a s nd
word, that all powers of any consequence should be taken out will be found
of the hands of the sovereign, according to what had been D f tne sd ses-
done in the last session of parliament in relation to peace p^^em la ' 5h

and war. house, and tho

These projects cou'd not take effect, so that the Act of readwkh other
Security formerly concerted and agreed to was passed, and had ^in^rder to
the Royal assent. have the Ro >' al

t • • i -n i> n assent, yet it

In this session the Report above mentioned from the Com- seems it never
mission of the publick accompts, as it was drawn up by me, none of the
was ordered to be printed : it was contain'd in 21 pages, [p>inted Acts

i . . . j. does it appear,

and will be found in the Minutes of this session of parlia- tho by the bye
ment in the Advocats Library. It took the Parliament fo^obtaln'the
up several davs, and I and the three Gentlemen principally benefite [of]

r . ^ r r j tne plantations

concerned in it had the thanks of the House, and each of us [that] the union

r>r\f\ v-i , was agreed to

200 ttb. Ster. in Scotland, at

Another Act past in this session for continuing our Commis- least u wasthe

- ] Sidney, first Earl of Godolphin, born .1645. In 1679 he was appointed
Lord of the Treasury, and in 1684 Secretary of State and head of the Treasury,
a position which he again held 1690-96, 1 700-1, and in 1702, when he became
Lord High Treasurer. He actively promoted the Union, and in 1706 was created
Viscount Rialton and Earl of Godolphin, and constituted Lord High Treasurer
of Great Britain. In 1710 he was deprived of his offices ; and he died in 1712.
- See Additional Note E, — Act of Security and Liberty of Plantations.

54-

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

[1704

chief instru-
ment used for
the settlement
of the question.

... Report will
serve [to] give
the best idea

fol. 52.
[of] the publick
"Funds [of] Scot-
land from the
year 1690 to
1704 that can
be had any
where.

N.B. In draw-
ing [th]e two
Reports, one
[Ge]orge Drum-
mond, [was] my
Amanuensis.
[He] was after-
wards one of the
Commissioners,
first of the
Customs and
afterwards of
the Excise ; he
was then about
18 years of Age,
and wrote a
good hand.

* This Earl
fell afterwards
into a habite of
Drunkeness,
and used to
treat her ill.

N.B. The
Cameronians
were partly a
Roguish, partly
an Enthusias-

M 53.

tick set of men
and women,
who placed
their Religion
of meer trifles,
or at best in

sion, and accordingly we laboured in this affaire till the next
session of parliament, when we brought in another Report,
drawen likeways by me, but not so long as the former.

During the intervals of parliament I was for the most part
at Pennicuik.|

In November 1704 my Sister-in-Law, Lady Henretta Stuart,
was married to the Earl of Glencairn.* He was of a very
antient family, and a man of excellent sense at that time, tho
in low circumstances. We who were her Friends cou'd have
wisht her better disposed of, for she was an extraordinary
persone, and afterwards proved the greatest happiness and
support of this family that possibly cou'd have come into it.
My Father presented the Bride with a large piece of Plate,
and I waited on her to Falkirk on her way to the Earl's
House of Finliston. I parted with her with great truble, on
account of the Friendship that had always been cultivated by
us since our first acquaintance.

On my return to Edin. I was oblidged to apply to the
Affaires remitted to the Gentlemen of our Commission, and
indeed most things that were to come before the next session
of Parliament were brought before us, particularly some pro-
jects for supplying the defect of money, which at that time
seem'd to be very scarce over all the country of Scotland.

In Aprile 1705 I resolved to make a visite to My L d Gallo-
way at his House in that country. I had the happiness of
my Father s company to the Lead hills, for he hapned to be
appointed as a Ruling Elder to try, with a committee of
Ministers, to reconcile one Mr. Hepburn e, 1 a Cameronian
Minister and his Followers to the Church of Scotland, from
whose principles he had receded. I found afterward that this
Committe had not been successful, for all the Cameronians
were a wild, vain, and conceited sett of men. Instead of
minding their business as Farmers or Manufacturers, I they
amused themselves chiefly with their own schismatick shol-
astick divinity and Acts of the General Assemblies. Mr.
Hepburn flattered their absurdities by calling them the
Remnant of God's people, for the old Presbyterian forms of

See Additional Note F, — James Hepburn.

1705] THE CAMERONIANS 55

doctrine and discipline were laid down by them as standards hearing of

, . ii.it- p t jji ,1 • discourses and

in things agreeable to their own fancies. In other things sermons ; such
they differed widely, as being pieces of necessary Reformation ^edtn^pro-
which they endeavoured to introduce. The meeting of the P 01 ^ t ° n t0 ^ neir
above mentioned Comitee was at San char, and, as I was none pleased
informed, thither came most of all the Cameronians in Scot- ^ were
land, to the number of 3 or 4000. Their disputes were
managed in the Kirk, and I think much on the same way as
most of the old General Councils.

In Galloway I was very kindly used by the Earl and all his I must like-
friends, and some of them went from thence with me by Aire *ha\ Vwasvery
and Irvin to Finliston, where we made a visite to the Earl of JSn^bythe
Glencairn and his Lady, whom I mentioned above. Town of Whit-

I ought to mention here a very remarkable deliverance I had represented in
at the sea side near Glasetoun, the House of the E. of Gallo- Parliam ent.
way. As I was at sport alone on the shore the sea inclosed
me between two Rocks. This was occasioned by a strong
Tvde and a very high "Wind, so that I was oblidged to make
my escape by climbing a High Rock, with very great danger.
My rashnes was much condemned by j the neighbouring Gentle- foi. 54.
men, but keen Hunters are never very circumspect in their
conduct.

After staying with my friends at Finlistone for 8 days, I
returned back to Edin.

We of the Comitee of Parliament for the publick accompts
continued our applications to the matters remitted to us till
the Parliament met in September 1704. 1

John, Duke of Argyle, 2 a youth of about 23 years of age,
was appointed her Majesty's High Commissioner, and in this
station behaved himself in a manner far above what cou'd be
expected from one of his years. I had the good fortune to be
very well with him, and from thence derived several pieces of

1 Clerical error for 1705. The Parliament reassembled on 4th September, three
days after they had passed the Act for appointing Commissioners for the Union.

- John, second Duke of Argyll, born 1678. He succeeded his father in 1703,
and was created Earl of Greenwich 1705. He distinguished himself in the
continental wars under Marlborough, commanded at Oudenard and Malplaquet,
and engaged the rebels at Sheriffmuir. In 1 7 19 he was created Duke of Green-
wich. Died 4th October 1743.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

favour which I met with at that time, and ever after from
N.B. This himself and his Brother L d Archibald Campbel. 1

Lord Archibald , . . . L ,

Campbell, was In this parliament, by the Duke s interest, 1 was chosen one
ve'ry remark- of the Council of Trade, 2 as by the 3 d Act of this session,
able man, Another irreat benefite I received from him was to ^et the

under the title ° .. . °

of the Earl of second Report of the Commissioners of the pubhck accompts
n^Brot'ner's rea d and considered in parliament, and a new Gratification of
death in 1744 oqq s f- r Avas given to me and 3 other Gentlemen, who had

he became • i t-»

Duke of Arg}ie. been chieflv emploied m preparing the Report.

A 3 d great Benefite I received by my intimacy with the
Duke and his brother was to be recommended to the Queen
for one of the Commissioners to be appointed by Her Majesty
for the Treaty of Union between England and Scotland. I
must acknowledge, indeed, that my good friend the Duke of
foi. 55. Queensberry contributed chiefly to these favours | which I
received, for he had recommended me to the Duke of Argyle ;
and at London, by his interest with the Queen, and the prime
minister, the Earl of Godolphin, he procured, unknouen to
me, the Honour of being a Commissioner in the above-men-
tioned great Transaction.

But to return to the affaires before the Parliament of Scot-
land, the chief business was to pave the way for the Treaty of
Union. An Act for this purpose was concerted with great
difficulty, for the main opposition was not only from the
Jacobites, but from a party of Whigs of about 16 in number,
who had for their chiefs the Dukes of Montrose and Roxbrugh
and the Marquise of Twedale. These, as before mentioned,
went under the name of the Squadrone Volante, their business

1 Born 16S2. He served under Marlborough ; in 1705 he was constituted
Lord High Treasurer of Scotland ; and in 1706 was created Earl and Viscount
of Islay. In 1 7 10 he was appointed Lord Justice-General of Scotland. He
exerted himself against the rebels in 1715, and was wounded at Sheriffmuir.
In 1721 he was appointed Lord Privy Seal in Scotland, and in 1733 Lord
Keeper of the Privy Seal. In 1743 ^ e succeeded his brother as third Duke of
Argyll. Died 1761.

- This Council of Trade was appointed ' to enquire into and Examine the
present State and Condition of the Trade and Commerce of this Nation, how the
same is Managed and Regulate. And after the said Enquiry and Information is
so taken, to prepare such Overtures and Proposals as they shall judge most
proper and convenient for the Encouragement and Advantage of Trace, to be
laid by them before the next Session of Parliament, etc'

1705] PAVING THE WAY FOR THE UNION

being sometimes to joyn the Court party, sometimes the
Jacobite party, as was most for their Interest. The Duke of
Hamiltone 1 was the head of the Jacobites, and, indeed, a man
every way fitted to be the Head of a popular discontented
party. He was a man of courage, and had a great deal of
natural Eloquence, with much affability in his temper.

The reasonings on the Act for the above Treaty turn'd
chiefly on Limitations and conditions to be put on the Com-
missioners, but the chief opposition proceeded from this, that
both those of the Squadrone Volante and of the Jacobite
party knew that when the States of Parliament came to choose
their | Commissioners all of them wou'd be excluded ; however,/^,
at last, to put an end to Disputes, it was agreed that the
nomination of these Commissioners should be left to the
Queen. This was a proposal of the Duke of Hamiltone, who
from that piece of independence expected the Honour of being
appointed by the Queen, but in this he was disappointed, for
the Ministry in England and Scotland found, by former mis-
carriages in Treaties of Union, no good cou'd be expected from
Commissioners who were not sincerelv disposed to drop minute
things for the sake of attaining what was principally in view,
the good of both nations, and the settlement of the Succession
to the Crown in the Protestant Line, in the meantime. I knew
that this Duke was so unlucky in his privat circumstances that
he wouM have complied with any thing on a suitable encour-
agement. He was not only descended of the Royal Family of
the Stuarts, but under particular obligations to the Royal
Brothers, King Charles and King James, however, he cou'd
easily have been convinced that since the succession to the

1 James, fourth Duke of Hamilton, born 165S. He was appointed Ambas-
sador Extraordinary to France by Charles II. in 1683, and James VII. appointed
him to the command of the first or royal regiment of horse, and bestowed on
him the forfeited estates of Cultness, North Berwick, and Goodtries. He was
implicated in Sir James Montgomery of Skelmorly's plot for the restoration of
James vii., and v.as imprisoned in the Tower. In 1698 his mother resigned
her dignities into the hands of the Crown, and he was created Duke of Hamilton
by King William. He voted against every article of the Treaty of Union. In
171 1 he was created an English Peer as Duke of Brandon. He was slain in a
duel with Charles, Lord Mohun, in 1712, when about to start for France as
Ambassador-Extraordinary.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Crown of England had been for several years past, to wit, in
the Regn of the late King William, setled on the Family of
Hannover, it wou'd be next to madness to imagine that the
Scots couM set up a seperat King, or force any King on Eng-
land but the persone already chosen by that nation.

The nomination being left to the Queen to name Commis-
foi. 57. sioners, she submitted i this entirely to her Ministry, particu-
larly to the Earl of Godolphin, her prime Minister, and to the
Dukes of Queensberry and Argyle.

I hapned, therfor, to be one of those appointed by these
noble Dukes, tho 1 at that time very young for so great a
Trust. What moved them chiefly in my favours was the
pains I had taken in the Commissions for examining the
publick accompts, bv which I had a thorough acquaintance
with all the Finances of Scotland, and the whole management
of the Lords of the Treasury and Exchequer of this Country,
from the Revolution in 1688 down to the year 1706.

This choise, however honourable to me, was very far from
giving me the least pleasure or satisfaction, for I had observed
a great backwardness in the Parliament of Scotland for an
union with England of any kind whatsoever, and therefor
doubted not but, after a great deal of expense in attending a
Treaty in England, I should be oblidged to return with the
uneasy reflexion of having either done nothing, or nothing to
the purpose, as had been the case of former Commissioners
appointed for this end. I was, in short, upon the point of
refusing the Honour conferred upon me, and the rather that
my Father, whom I always considered as an Oracle seldom
mistaken, seemed not to approve of it. However, as at last
he grew passive, and that the Duke of Queensberry threatned
58- to withdraw all friendship for me, I suffered my self | to be
prevailed upon, and to take journey for London with other
Commissioners, and arrived there on the 13 of Aprile 1706.

I judge it needless for me here to narrate what was trans-
acted by the Commissioners for both nations, every thing
having been already published by the authority of the Parlia-
ments of Scotland and England ; however, I shall take notice
of a few thing's relating to this great Transaction.

The Commissioners of both nations met in different apart-

1705] COMMISSION FOR THE UNION 59

merits in the Royal palace of Westminster, which commonlv
goes under the name of the Cockpit. There was one great
Room where they all met when they were called upon to
attend the Queen, or were to exchange papers, but they never
met to hold conferences together except once, when the
number of the Scotch Representatives for the two Houses of
the British Parliament came to be debated, all their trans-
actions were reduced in writings concerted in seperat apart-
ments. When proposals or Conditions of the union were to
be made by the English Commissioners, the Scots were desired
to meet them in the great Room, and their proposals were
given in by the L d Chancellor, or the Keeper of the great
seal, who was at that time the Lord Cooper, 1 and when the
Commissioners for Scotland had any thing to propose, or
had answers to be made to the Commissioners of England,
these were presented by the L d Seafield, then Chancellor for
Scotland.

Sometimes the Scots Commissioners met j at the Houses of/"- 7 - 59.
the Secretaries of State for Scotland, who were then the Earls LerSufevS
of Mar 2 and Loudon, 3 the first a most famous Man at the de:n5 - v inten -
head of the Rebellion in Scotland in the year 1715. He was obliterated.]
then very forward for the union and the settlement of the
succession in the Protestant family of Hannover, but towards
the end of Queen Ann's Reign, in 1713, was as forward for the
dissolution of the union, and being on that account and other
reasons hated by King George the first, he tum*d Jacobite and

1 William, first Earl Cowper, son of Sir William Cowper, Bart., was called
to the Bar in 16S8, and in 1705 succeeded Sir Nathan Wright as Lord Keeper
of the Great Seal. He was appointed Lord Chancellor in 1707, and again in
1 7 14, and resigned the seals on the removal of Lord Godolphin from the Lord
High Treasurership. He was created Earl Cowper in 1718, and died in 1723.

- John, eleventh (Erskine) Earl of Mar, succeeded his father in 16S9. In
1706 he was appointed one of the Secretaries of State for Scotland, in room of
the Marquis of Annandale, and in 1713 one of the Secretaries of State for Great
Britain. He signed the proclamation of George I., but in 1715 proclaimed the
Pretender at Braemar. Or. the dispersion of the rebels he retired with the
Pretender to the Continent, and his estates were attainted. Died at Aix-la-
Chapelle 1732.

3 Hugh, third Earl of Loudoun, succeeded his father in 16S4. He was
sworn a Privy Councillor in 1697, and appointed one of the Commissioners of
the Treasury in 1704, and one of the Secretaries of State for Scotland in 1705.
Died 1731.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1705

Rebel, after he had taken the usual oaths to the Government
and used all the subterfuges and subtilities of a Courtier to
ingratiat himself with the Hannoverian Ministry in 1714.

The first grand point debated by the Commissioners for
Scotland amongst themselves was whether they should pro-
pose to the English a Federal union between the two nations,
or an Incorporating union. The first was most favoured by
the people of Scotland, but all the Scots Commissioners, to a
Man, considered it rediculous and impracticable, for that in all
the Federal unions there behoved to be a supreme power lodged
some where, and wherever this was lodged it hencefurth became
the States General, or, in our way of speaking, the Parliament
toi. 70. (sic) G f G rc . a t Britain, under the j same royal power and authority as
the two nations are at present. And in things of the greatest
consequence to the two nations, as in Councils relating to
peace and war and subsidies, it was impossible that the Repre-
sentatives or their suffrages in both nations cou'd be equal,
but must be regulated in proportion to the power and richess
of the several publick burdens or Taxations that cou'd affect
them ; in a word, the Scots Commissioners saw that no Union
cou"d subsist between the two nations but an incorporating
pei-petual one. But after all the truble we gave ourselves to
please the people of Scotland, we knew at the time that it was
but losing our labour, for the English Commissioners were
positively resolved to treat on no kind of union with us but
what was to be incorporating and perpetual.

In the great Room above mentioned, was a long table, suffi-
cient to hold all the Commissioners for both kingdoms, being
about 50 feet in length. At the head of the Table, under a
Canopy, was placed a large chaire, ornamented with gold lace
and crimsone velvet, for the Queen, when she desired to come
amongst us. On her left hand sat the Chancellor of Scotland,
and on her right hand the keeper of the great seal, the L d
Cooper, afterwards Chancellor of England.

The Queen came amongst us three several times, once at
foi. 71. our first or second j meeting, to acquaint us of her intentions
and ardent good wishes for our success and unanimity in this
great Transaction. At about a month thereafter she came
again to enquire of our success, and had most of our Minutes

1706] CALCULATIONS FOR THE EQUIVALENT 61

read to her, and for the last time to approve of what we had
done. I endeavoured in all my conduct at this Treaty to
acquit my self with the outmost duty to my Country, and for
this end gave the greatest application possible to understand all
the parts of the English Constitution, and particularly what
related to their Debts and publick Taxes, to their Trade and
all their Finances, comparing them with these of the people
of Scotland, with which I was well acquainted, as having been
for two full years a Commissioner of the public accompts in
Scotland as above.

On these accounts, I was chosen by the Commissioners of
Scotland for the Union to be one of four who were to conferr
dayly with the like number of the English Commissioners in
relation to the papers given in by both sides which were to be
entered into our Minutes, for some of these papers needed
some explications and alterations in order to be entered into
these minutes agreeable to the sense of the respective Com-
missioners. I was likeways intrusted with another province
by the Commissioners for Scotland, which was to review the
Calculations made for the Equivalent to be paid to Scotland \
for bearing their share of the Debt of England, which were/"",
afterwards to be considered as the Debts of Great Britain.
These calculations were chiefly made by Doctor Gregory, 1 pro-
fessor of Mathematicks in the College of Oxford, and a certain
great accomptant and projector, one Patersone," from Scotland,
but bred in England from his infancy.

1 David Gregory, born 1661, at Kinardie, Aberdeenshire : Professor of
Mathematics in Edinburgh University, 16S3-91 ; appointed Savilian Professor of
Astronomy at Oxford, 1691, through the influence of Newton and Flamsted ;
died 1708.

- William Paterson, the celebrated financier, founder of the Bank of England,
and projector of the Darien Expedition. Born about 1660 at Skipmyre, Tinwald,
Dumfriesshire ; died 1719. Pie was a warm promoter of the Union, and is
believed, on good grounds, to have written the Inquiry into the Reasonableness
and Conseqtienees of "an Union with Scot/ana', published in 1706. His biographer,
Mr. S. Bannister, states that Mr. Bower was associated with Paterson and
Gregory in the above-mentioned calculations, that they each received ^"200 ster-
ling for their work, and that the Parliament of Scotland moved and carried a
resolution 'to recommend Mr. Paterson to Her Majesty for his good services.'

In the almost total absence of information regarding the early life of Paterson,
the statement of Clerk that he was ' bred in England from his infancy ' may be
regarded as a minute addition to his bioirraDhv.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1706

All this time I neglected not to cultivat that Friendship
with the Duke of Queensberry, my Patron, which he had
always shown me. I was frequently at Kensington with him,
where the Queen keept her Court, and I twice saw her 11 her
closet, to which the Duke was always admitted, being iomi-
nated Commissioner by her Majesty for representing hir in
the inseuing parliament of Scotland.

One day I had occasion to observe the Calamities vhich
attend humane nature even in the greatest dignities of Life.
Her majesty was labouring under a fit of the Gout, aid in
extream pain and agony, and on this occasion every ihing
about her was much in the same disorder as about the memest
of her subjects. Her face, which was red and spotted, was
rendered something frightful by her negligent dress, anc the
foot affected was tied up with a pultis and some nasty ban-
dages. I was much affected at this sight, and the more zchen
she had occasion to mention her people of Scotland, whicl she
did frequently to the Duke. What are you, poor mean like
/oi. 73. Mortal, thought I, | who talks in the style of a Sovereign ?
Nature seems to be inverted when a poor infirm Woman
becomes one of the Rulers of the World, but, as Tacitus
Especially observes, it is not the first time that Women have governed
Q. Elizabeth. g r j^ a j n? anc j indeed they have sometimes done this to letter
purpose than the Men.

But to return to the Treaty of Union, the Articles were at
last agreed to, sign'd, and sealed, by all the Commissicners,
the 22 of July 1706. They were afterwards presented t> the
Queen at her palace of St. James, before a very numerous
Assembley. The Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England
presented his copy to her Majesty, after making a handsome
speech. That on the part of the Scots was presented bj our
Chancellor, Lord Seafield, 1 whose speech excelled the other so

1 James, second son of James, third Earl of Findlater, was born in 1664.
He studied law, and was admitted advocate 1 6th January 1685, was appointed
Solicitor-General in 1693, and Secretary of State 1695. On 28th June 1098 he
was created Viscount Seafield, and in the same year was President of the Scots
Parliament. In 1702 he was constituted Lord High Chancellor of Scotlanl, and
again in 1705. He succeeded his father as fourth Earl of Findlater in 171:, and
died in 1730. I: was he who remarked on the rising of the Scots Parliamtnt for
the last time, ' Now there is an end of an old song ! '

i;o6] INTERVIEWS WITH QUEEN ANNE 63

far that it was spoken without Hesitation, whereas that of the
L d Keeper was miserably mangled in the delivery, and at last
he was forced to draw it out of his pocket and read it. How-
ever, as he was a very eloquent man and a great Lawer, he
was so conscious of his own merit that he never changed
colloures at his accident, but first stopt a little, and then read
his speech from a paper with great composure of mind, while
all the Audience was in the outmost pain for him.

To these Speeches, and the Commissioners on both sides
ranged on the Queen's right and left hand, her Majesty made
a very handsome Return, with a very graceful pronountiation foi.
and tone of voice. After this great Transaction was brought
to a conclusion the Commissioners on both sides left the
Court, and I, with some of my country men, returned to Scot-
land. But before I left London I was advised to take my
leave of the Queen which I did at Kensington. I was intro-
duced to her by the Earl of Loudon, one of our Secretaries
of State. She received me in her closet in the same homely
way as before, for she had again fallen ill of the Gout. She
spoke to me with great complacency, wished me a good
journey, and in several warm expressions desired I might
make it my business to recommend the L'nion to her people
of Scotland.

I came down the Western Road and found my Father at
Moffat. Here we had some Game on the moors for a few
days, and at length I came to Edinburgh.

For the moneths of SeptermV and October I staid for the
most part with my Father at Pennicuik, always poring on
Books, except sometimes when I followed my diversions of
fouling and fishing.

The Duke of Queensberry having been appointed her
Majesty's Commissioner for the ensuing Parliament, he arrived
in Scotland in November.

I need not narrate here what was done in this Parliament,
there being a very exact History published of it by one Daniel
Defoe, 1 who was sent to Scotland by the prime minister of y 0 s. 7

1 De Foe was a warm advocate of the Union, and wrote much to promote it.
. On the recommendation of Harley he acquired the patronage of Lord Godol-
phin, and, as he tells us, was taken into the service of the Queen ' to he emploved

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1706

This History England, the Earl of Godolphin, on purpose to give a faithful
d^eras fobe account to him from time to time how every thing past here,
read, it was jj e was therefor a Spy amongst us, but not known to be such,
Therels'not one otherways the Mob of Edin. had pulled him to pieces.
Schalienge.i The Commissioners, on their return to Scotland, fancied to
themselves that as they had been doing great service to their
Country in the matter of the Union, so they wouM be accept-
able to all ranks and degrees of people, but after the Articles
of the Union were published by order of Parliament, such
comments were made upon them, by those of the adverse party,
that the Mob was almost universally set against them.

Under these hardships and misrepresentations the Articles
of the Union were introduced into the Parliament of Scotland.
The bulk of the nation seernd altogether averse to them, nor
indeed cou'd they expect a better usage, considering who they
were who were determined at any rate to oppose them, for first
there were a great many disoblidged Courtiers and self-con-
ceited Men who cou'd relish nothing but what was of their
own contrivance.

Next were a vast many of the Episcopal persuasion, who
hated the Union meerly because of a first intention which
many of the members of Parliament had of making the presbe-
terian Government and its security the basis of any Union

in several honourable though secret services,' whose exact nature he does not
specify, merely remarking that ' I had the happiness to discharge myself in all
these trusts so much to the satisfaction of those who employed me, though often-
times with difficulty and danger, that my Lord Treasurer Godolphin, whose
memory I have always honoured, was pleased to continue his favour to me, and
to do me all good offices to her majesty, even after an unhappy breach had
separated him from my first benefactor.'— Appeal to Honour and Justice, p. 14.

De Foe kissed the Queen's hand on leaving for Scotland in the autumn of
1706, where he remained till the beginning of 170S. He was frequently in
attendance at the various Committees of Parliament, and aided in some of the
calculations in connection with imposts, etc. During the riot in Edinburgh on the
23d October 1706, he tells us that ' the author of this had his share of the danger
in this tumult, and, though unknown to him, was watched and set [on] by the
mob, in order to know where to find him, had his chamber windows insulted, and
the windows below him broken by mistake. But by the prudence of his friends,
the shortness of its continuance, and God's providence, he escaped.' — History of
the Union, p. 239 (ed. of 17S6).

1 The first edition of De Foe's History of the Union of Great Britain was
published in folio, at Edinburgh, in 1709.

1 706] POPULAR FEELING IN SCOTLAND

between the two Nations, for tho there was no express Article
concerted by the Commissioners of the Treaty to this effect,
yet it had been commen'd upon, and agreed as the only
Expedient to bring | over the ministers of the church of Scot-/«/.
land, to give the Articles of the Union so much as a hearing ;
and, indeed, this was all they cou'd procure at first, for as the
security of the church of England was to follow of consequence,
many of the clergy of Scotland grew jealous of their neigh-
bouring clergy, and endeavoured to instill notions in their
Breatheren that such a security given to the church of Eng-
land was contrary to the principles of their forefathers, who
had strenuously supported the Solemn League and Covenant.

Another set of Enemies to the Union were the Jacobites,
and as these were very numerous even in the Parliament of
Scotland, they cou*d not think of imbracing a system for the
union of the two kingdoms wherein the succession to the
Crown was to be settled on the House of Hannover, to the
perpetual exclusion of all the successors of the late King
James.

I do believe that the generality of the members of the Par-
liament of Scotland had been of the same mind, if it had con-
sisted with reasone to delay the settlement of the succession of
Scotland on the same family on whom the English, before the
death of the late King William, had settled their crown, for to
all thinking Men it appeared evident that sooner or later the
Scots behoved to come into the same succession, or expect to
see their Country a schen of bloodshed and confusion, for it
was impossible for the Scots to make choise of a different
king from the persone who was to succeed to the Crown of
England, but this I need not truble my self [ to explain here. /<*. j

From the above mentioned differences amongst the several
parties in Scotland nothing was left to the Commissioners of
the Union and to the Ministry of Scotland, than firmly to
resolve amongst themselves how to act and leave the event to
the providence of God.

Honour, Honesty, and a firm persuasion that they had been
acting a faithful part for the interest of their Country, left no
room to doubt what they were to do, and therefor they resolved
to adhere to the Transaction they had made with the Com-

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1707

missioners of England, and leave it to Members of Parliament
to act such a part as they thought best for the interest of
their Country.

With these Resolutions the Duke of Queen sherry proceeded,
and *tho some additions were made to the Articles of Union,
particularly what related to the Settlement of the Presbyterian
Government, yet after much debate and opposition these
Articles were approven of that seem'd to be best understood,
others suffered some alterations, particularly that which related
to the Excise, but in my opinion few or no alterations were
made to the better.

I had discharged my duty in London, and so became entirely
passive as to what should happen in the Parliament of Scot-
land ; however, to vindicat the proceedings of the Commis-
sioners as to things not well understood in Scotland, I wrote
foi. 72. two pamphlets. One went under the Title of Some considera-
tions on the Articles of the Union. 1

The other was for explaining the 15 Article in relation to
the Equivalents to be paid to Scotland on account of subject-
ing ourselves to the payment of the debts of England. 2

These pieces were known to be mine, but procured me no
hatred from the other side who opposed the Union, and I had
the thanks of those who were wellwishers to it.

Before the parliament ended I was chosen one of the 45
Members who were to represent Scotland in the first parlia-

1 See Additional Note G,— Pamphlets attributed to Sir John Clerk.

2 An Essay upon the XV. Article of the Treaty of Union, wherein the Diffi-
culties thai arise upon the Equivalents are fully Cleared and Explained. Printed
in the year MDCCVI. (twenty-eight pages). There is no copy in the British
Museum, but there is one in the Advocates' Library, which appears in the cata-
logue under 4 Union,' and is there correctly attributed to Clerk, under whose
name it is indexed in the supplement. It is not, however, included in Halkett
and Laing"s Diet, of Anonymous Literature. In his History of the Union,
pp. 432-4, De Foe makes a long extract from 'page 200' [should be p. 13],
of this pamphlet, ascribing it to ' Mr. Baron Clark, whose judgement I think
I may be allowed to appeal to, and who was a witness to and present in Parlia-
ment at all these debates.' Again, at p. 395, De Foe quotes from this pamphlet,
pp. 4 and 5, various answers to the question, ' Why should Scotland concern
itself in paying England's debts at all?'— 'as they were argued in the House,
and after made public by an honourable member of the Parliament, now Baron
of the Exchequer in Scotland, Mr. Clark of Pennycook. '

1707] PROGRESS OF QUEENSBERRY TO LONDON 67

ment of Great Britain. I had no hand in the honour conferred
upon me, but the Duke of Queensberry insisted that I should
be one on the List of those who were appointed, and as an
incitement to me he offered me a place in one of his coaches to
London, which I accepted of, and set out with his Grace on
the 2<* of Aprile 1707.

A very splendid Retinue accompanied his Grace to Dunbar,
but except my self, and a few of his own family in two coaches,
he allowed no body the favour of waiting on him to Berwick. I
wished that the case had been otherways, for then his country
men wou'd have been Witnesses to a quite different Reception
which his Grace had in all the Towns of England situated on
or near the Road to London than what he had in Scotland.

In Berwick he was received with great pomp and solemnity,
as he was likeways at Newcastle, Durham, and other cities, for
amidst the joyful acclamations of all the people he was
received by all the Magistrates of the cities where he past, and
by all the nobility and gentry of the several counties, with the
same if not greater Honours than I believe had been paid to foi.
the Queen her self.

He was complimented and feasted wherever he went, and
when he came within 20 miles of London the whole city turn'd
out to meet him.

At Hartfoord his Grace was attended by above twenty
Members of the parliament of Scotland, who had taken post
before him on purpose to make their Court to the Queen and
the Ministry of England, but Her Majesty refused to see or
hear any body, 'till the arrival of his Grace. At Barnet he was
met by the Ministry of England and most of the nobilitv then
attending the two Houses of Parliament. Their Retinue con-
sisted of 46 coaches and above 1000 Horsemen.

When the Duke arrived at his House in London, the Lord
High Treasurer Godolphin, at the head of all the Queen's
Ministry, waited upon him, and that same night he waited on
her Majesty, by whom he was received with high acknowledge-
ments of his great services.

I staid with the Duke in London about 2 months, in which
time the Commissions for managing the Equivalent appointed
by the 15 Article of the Treaty of Union, with the Commissions

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

for managing the Customs 1 and Excise 2 in Scotland were
concerted. I might have been a Commissioner in any of the
two last, but the Affaire of the Equivalent requiring persons of
known fidelity, I was in some measure compelled to accept of
foi. so. it, not without a positive promise from the Duke that I should
be afterwards better provided for.

On the 1 of May 1707 the Union of the two Nations, as had
been agreed to, took place. That day was solemnized by her
Majesty and those who had been members of both Houses of
Parliament with the greatest splendour. A very numerous
procession accompanied the Queen to the Cathedral church of
St. Paul, at least 3 or 400 coaches. The Bishops and Peers
sat in Galleries on her Majesty's right hand, and the late
members of the House of Commons of England, with such as
had been chosen to represent the Commons of Scotland in the
first British Parliament, were on her left hand. I think there
were not above half a dussan of the Scots commoners then in
London, and amongst these I had the happiness to be present
at this solemn piece of Devotion.

A sermon was preached by the Bishope of London, 3 and
prayers of Thanksgiving were very heartily put up for the
success of the Union, at least no body on this occasion appeared
more sincerely devout and thankfull than the Queen her self.
A fine piece of Musick closed the solemnity, and we return d
back to the Court at St. James's palace in the same order we
came to the Cathedral.

On this occasion I observed a real joy and satisfaction in
the Citizens of London, for they were terribly apprehensive of
confusions from Scotland in case the Union had not taken
place.

1 Sir Alexander Rigby, James Isaacson, Lionel Norman, Sir Robert Dickson,
Bart., and William Boyd were appointed Commissioners for the management of
the Customs; and about the end of April 170S, Lionel Norman, Jessop Bougton,
Tohn Colquit, John Sewell, and Warwick Arthur were sent to Scotland to regu-
late the collection of the duties and instruct the Custom-house officers. See
Defoe's History, pp. 575"7 6 -

2 Alexander Wetherburn, John Montgomery, John Whittham, David Ross,
and Alexander Forbes, were appointed Commissioners of Excise. See De Foe's
History, p. 585.

3 Henry Compton. Canon of Christchurch, appointed Bishop of Oxford 1674,
and transferred to London 1675 ; died 17 1 3.

THE UNION CONCLUDED

That whole day was spent in feastings, ringing of Bells, and
illuminations, and | I have reasone to believe that at no time/^-Si.
Scotsmen were more acceptable to the English than on that
day.

About the end of May I returned back to Scotland. Some
time after this the equivalent stipulated to Scotland by the
above mentioned 15 Article of the Union was sent down, viz.
398085 Kb. 10 sh. ster. 100,000 lib. str. came in specie, and
the rest in Exchequer Bills, which was lodged in the Castle of
Edin.

The Commissioners appointed for manadging the same, 1
according to the 15 and 16 Acts of the last session of the
Parliament of Scotland, immediately began to make the proper
distributions, and particularly to refound the capital stock of
the Indian and African Company in Scotland, the rest of the
publick debts of Scotland succeeded, so that in a few months
most of the Equivalent money was disposed of.

The first Parliament of Great Britain was appointed by her

Majesty to meet at Westminster in 2 thereafter.

Thither all those who had been chosen to represent Scot-
land repaired, and I amongst the rest should have gone,
but was oblidged to attend at Edin. for 2 months longer, to
exchange above 100,000 lib. in Exchequer Bills, which had
fallen into a discount of 5 pr. cent. 3 other gentlemen were
detained with me for the same purpose, being appointed by the
Directors of the Bank of England to take in these Exchequer
Bills and draw Bills on the sd Bank payable at sight.

This was an affaire of great trust, however it was manadged./w. 82.
with the success that was necessary for the credite of the Bank.
I carried up the retired notes with me to London in february these amounted
1708, and received the thanks of the Directors of the Bank. J? b ab s ^ ICO ' ooa

I went up post, but near Anwick, the way being covered
with ice and snow, my Horse fell with me, by which I unfor-
tunatelv brok my collar bone, however I recovered in a few
days so as to be able to travel in a Coach, and got to London
with much pain in two weeks.

1 Twenty-five Commissioners were appointed. See De Foe's History, pp.
586-S7, also pp. 5S9-92.

2 A blank here in the MS. The Parliament met 23d October 1707.

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1708

I attended the House of Commons till the close of the
session of Parliament in May, and observed with pleasure the
Happy union that appeared between the Scotch and English
members of parliament in both houses, happy presage of what
I expected from the Union.
1 am again as Amongst other Acts past in this session of parliament there
that inTeading was one f° r constituting a Court of Exchequer in Scotland on
several things the footing of that in England, conform to the 19 Article of

here and in ° .

other parts of the treaty 01 union. 1

may ascribe mS The judges in this Court were not to exceed five, one Lord
to vanity, Chief Baron, and 4 other Barons. My good friend the Duke

but I declare i -i i

the case with me of Queensberry took care that I should be one of them. 2 The

1 The old Scottish Court of Exchequer included a treasurer, a treasurer-
depute, and certain lords of Exchequer, whose number was fixed by the Crown.
This continued until the creation by 6 Anne c. 26 of the new and, in its consti-
tution, terms, etc., essentially foreign tribunal of which Sir John Clerk formed
a member. It consisted of a chief and four ordinary Barons, who seem to have
been remunerated upon a more liberal scale than their brethren of the Court of
Session. In 1779 the Lord Chief Baron had a salary of ^2000 a year ; one of
the other Barons of ^1200 ; a third of ,£700 ; and the remaining two £750 each.
English barristers were eligible for the judicial appointments, and migh: plead
before this Court. After the passing of the Reform Act it became the object of
various legislative experiments. The number of its judges were reduced. Pro-
visions were made by 2 and 3 Will. iv. for the transfer of its duties to the
Lords of Session after the death or retirement of the last remaining Baron.
These provisions were carried ou: by 2 and 3 Vict. c. 36, but the Court as a
distinct jurisdiction continued to exist, although without special judges, until,
by 19 and 20 Vict. c. 56 (1856), all that remained was finally merged in the
Court of Session. — M. Baron Clerk states that his salary was ' about ^"500. '
See folio 245.

2 In our Frontispiece, from an oil -portrait by William Aikman, in the pos-
session of Sir George Clerk, Sir John Clerk appears in his robes as a Baron
of the Court of Exchequer. Regarding this official costume we may quote
the following passage from Clerk and Scrope's Court of Exchequer, p. 127 : —
' From this section '(...' the said Chief Baron and Barons shall use and wear
such robes and habits as the Chief Baron and Barons of the Court of Exchequer
in England do use and wear, or such other robes or habits as her Majesty, her
heirs or successors, shall appoint . . . ' in 19th Article of Union) ' observe
... As to the Robes and Habits which the Barons of Exchequer in Scotland
are to wear, they consist only of black cloth Gowns and silk Scarfs of the same
colour ; which, though different from the habits of the Barons of Exchequer in
England, yet in regard they were appointed by her late Majesty Queen Anne,
who instituted the Court, it is probable they may continue so to be the habits of
the Barons of Scotland in all time coming/

In addition to this portrait of Baron Sir John Clerk, and the juvenile one
reproduced in our Illustration Ko. v., there are two others in the possession of

iyoS APPOINTED BARON OF EXCHEQUER 71

Earl of Seafield, afterward Earl of Finlater, late Chancellor of is quite other
Scotland, was appointed L d chief Baron, one Mr. Smith, 1 at avoid tMs^m-
that time one of the Barons of the Exchequer in England, Mr. p utatIon 1

1 -I have actually

Scroop, 2 a councellor at Law, and Mr. Maitlan, 3 an Advocat passed over a

in Scotland, made up the number. 3 of us, to wit the chief fhTngsTmight

Baron, Baron Maitlan, and my self, understood | the Laws andyw. 83.

Customs of Scotland, but were very unskilled in the Laws of have said. I

, J , hate Egotisms

England, therefore, to remedy this defect, Mr. Baron Smith if I do not

and Mr. Scroop were appointed. but as this" 1 '

We were all sensible that to qualify us for being Barons account of my

1 J ° own Life is not

in Scotland we behoved to understand both the Scotch and to be published,
English Laws, but as this was not to be expected, we did the orArowaway
best we cou\l to learn from one another, and in the mean time m ? pen#
to act with uprightness and assiduity, which are the chief
Qualifications of judges in any Court.

Before I left London I was introduced to take leave of her
Majesty by the Duke of Queensberry, then appointed one of not secretary
the principal secretaries of State. I returned her Majesty Q° r 1} Sc ^ t a fo r
thanks for the honour she had done me in appointing me to foreign affaires,
be one of the Barons of Exchequer of Scotland. She was so
good as to make me a very handsome reply, and, admiting me
to kiss her hand, she wished me a good journey to Scotland.
I cannot remember this incident without making this reflexion,
as I have done before, that tho" 1 this Great Queen had in her
short reicn, I mean to the vear I saw her. made a very g;lori-

Sir George Clerk, both by Sir John Medina. A fifth portrait is engraved by D.
Lizars in the Scots Magazine for June 1S02, ' from the painting in the possession
of John Clerk of Eldin.'

1 James Smith became Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer in 1708, see
folio 85 of the present MS. In 1722 he founded and endowed the English Epis-
copal chapel in Blackfriars Wynd, Edinburgh, for a clergyman qualified by taking
the oaths to Government. This building was demolished in 1822. He died in 1726.

- John Scrope. Died about 1752. See folio 248. In 1726 he and Baron Sir John
Clerk produced an Historical View of the Forms and Powers of the. Court of Ex-
chequer in Scotland, which was edited by Sir Henry Jardine, YV.S., King's Remem-
brancer, and published for private circulation by the Barons of Exchequer in 1820.

3 Alexander Arbuthnott, second son of Robert, second Viscount Arbuthnott.
He was admitted an advocate 18th December 1697, and was Member of Parlia-
ment for Bervie 1702-4. In 1704 he married Jane, eldest daughter of Sir Charles
Maitland, and heiress to her brother Sir Charles Maitland of Pitrichie, and on
succeeding to the Maitland estates he assumed the name, and was styled ' Mait-
land of Pitritchie.'

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1708

ous figure in Europe by her Amies and Fleets abroad, and
even in bringing about the union of the two Kingdoms, which
cou'd never be accomplished by any of her predecessors, tho" >
she was in all respects Arbitrix of peace and war in Europe,
and by her sovereign Authority held the Balance of Power in
her hands, yet at the time I was introduced to her to receive
foi. 84. her commands for Scotland, j she appeared to me the most
despicable mortal I had ever seen in any station. The poor
Lady, as I saw her twice before, was again under a severe fit
of the Gout, ill dressed, blotted in her countenance, and sur-
I'ounded with plaisters, cataplasims, and dirty-like rags. The
extremity of her pain was not then upon her, and it diverted
her a little to see company with whom she was not to use
ceremonies, otherways I had not been allowed access to her.
However, I believe she was not displeased to see any body, for
no Court Attenders ever came near her. All the Licence and
adoration offered at Courts were to her Ministers, particularly
the Earl of Godolphin, her chief Minister, and the two Secre-
taries of State, 1 her palace of Kensington, where she commonly
resided, was a perfect solitude, as I had occasion to observe
several times. I never saw any body attending there but some
of her Guards in the outer Rooms, with one at most of the
Gentlemen of her Bedchamber. Her frequent fits of sickness,
and the distance of the place from London, did not admit of
what are commonly called Drawing-Room nights, so that I had
many occasions to think that few Houses in England belong-
ing to persons of Quality were keept in a more privat way
than the Queen's Roval Palace of Kensington.

I returned to Scotland about the end of May, and continued
M. 85. at Pennicuik for some days.

About that time preparations were making in Scotland for
the Election of Members of Parliament to serve in the ensuino-

session. The Duke of Queensberry on this occasion bestired
himself to get two of his friends chosen for the shire of Dum-
frise, and for the brughs of Dumfrise, Kirkcubright, Anan,
Lochmaben, and Sanchar, according to the plan settled by the

1 Probably he here refers to Harley, Secretary of State for the Northern
Department, 18th May 1704 to 13th February 170S, and St. John, Secretary at
War, 20th April 1704 to 14th February 170S.

1 70S] INTERVIEWS WITH QUEEN ANNE

Articles of Union. To assist his Grace, I was desired by him
to visite his friends in these places, which I did for several
days, and was not unsuccesful.

In June all the Barons met at Edin., and the Court of •
Exchequer was then constituted. We assisted one another
with our advice, and what knowledge of the laws we had
attained in either nation, so that everv thing was transacted
amongst us with great friendship and unanimity, as well as
justice.

The chief Baron having always daubled in politicks, tho 1
often in an auckward way, was so far imposed on by the
Ministry of Great Britain at that time as to be persuaded to
lay down his Commission in order to qualify himself the better
to be chosen one of the sixteen peers for Scotland. This plot
against him was that the prime minister and his friends might
appoint one of their own nation to succeed him. Accordingly
Mr. Baron Smith was made Chief Baron, j and the Earl oi/oi £5.
Finlater and Seafield, upon the first occasion, got himself
elected one of the sixteen peers.

Mr. Baron Smith was indeed vastly superior to the Earl in
learning, wisdom, and discretion, so that we who were his he died in 1726
Brethren in the Exchequer lived very happily with him. His ^ded byone
place being now vacant as an ordinary Baron of the Exchequer. Baron Lant 1
Air. George JJalrymple, Advocat, and Brother to the Earl the Engush
of Stair, succeeded to him. ^chequer in

By the constitution of our Court, we had only 4 Terms or Scotland. This

. .. .„ i i * have reasone

sessions m the year, and few oi them exceeded 3 weeks, so that to believe will

nothing coifd be better calculated for my humure than the fh" ca^for

office I enioved. I had a great deal of time on my hands, and few Scots men

_ . _ i will ever

this 1 always spent to my own satisfaction. I was naturally arrive at the

studious, and often laborious this way, so that, except the c^ief Baron in

time I spent at my favourite diversions of shooting and fishing Scotland.

in the country, all my leisure houres were spent in Books.

Musick had always great charms with me, but this was so far but this humnre

for Musick

1 Matthew Lant was appointed Chief Baron in succession to James Smith,
29th June 1726. See folio 150.

- George Dalrymple of Dalmahoy, third son of John, first Earl of Stair. He
married Euphame, eldest daughter of Sir Andrew Myrton, Bart., of Gogar ; and
their eldest son became John, fifth Earl of Stair.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1709

went off as I from hindering my application to Books that on the contrary
spectacles? am it was thereby the more promoted, as it keept me often at
about the 48 } lome when I had sought for relaxation abroad. My favourite

year of my age, o j

for I gave, instrument was as formerly the Herpsecord, because it furnished
tis^of it en^ 0 me at pleasure all the parts of an entire concert of Musick. |

foi. 87. Amongst my studies the Greek and Roman Literature
thaMirne Ut chiefly delighted, except now and then when philosophical or
mathematical learning required my attention.

The Laws of both nations claimed my particular care, as I
was a Baron or Judge in a sovereign Court, and therfor during
the Terms of the Exchequer I applied my self very seldom to
an} 7 other study.

In the years 1709 and 1710 I began to make nurseries at
Pennicuik, for in the seasons of planting, which were in Feb-
ruary and March, my Father devolved all his care upon me. I
was not unsuccessful in these nurseries, for out of these most of
the Beuties about Pennicuik house were drauen.

Being now oblidged to live up to the strict character of a
judge, my Father insisted with me that I should again enter
into a married life, and the rather that I had but one child by
my deceased wife, Lady Margaret Stuart. This was a Boy of
a vast deal of spirite, however, my Father and Friends were
desirous that I should not trust too much to his life.

I, to comply with their wishes, led my thoughts in an overly
way upon two Ladies, one was a young Lady of great Quality,
and consequently most improper for my circumstances, as my
Father had settled a good part of his Estate on the son I had
by my late wife. The other was a lightheaded Beuty, and
consequently as improper for me as the other. 1 1

My Father hapned to be averse to both these projects,

1 There are blanks in the MS. and the notes here. The second lady here
referred to may possibly have been Susanna, daughter of Sir Archibald Kennedy,
of whom Clerk is said to have been a suitor. He presented her with a flute,
in which was concealed a copy of verses beginning —

' Harmonious pipe, I languish for thy bliss,
When pressed to Silvia's lips with gentle kiss,'

which are given by Chambers in his Traditions of Edinburgh. She became
the third wife of Alexander, ninth Earl of Eglintoun. Ramsay's Gentle Shepherd
was dedicated to her in 1726 by Hamilton of Bangour, and Boyse also addressed
her in verse. She died in 17S0, aged ninety-one.

VIII

J A NTT I NH LIS
Second Wife cfEaron Sirjehii Clerk

1709] HIS SECOND MARRIAGE 75

wherefor I prevailed very easily with my self to drop them,
and indeed I found afterwards that both the Ladies who
touched my fancy at that time had made me very unhappy,
for one of them proved a very bad Woman, and the other very
little better, but their names I here burry in silence.

My third attempt was in reality my first, for by some secret
charm or order of divine providence I settled my thoughts on
Mrs. Jennet Inglis of Cramond. 1 She had been educated under
a most verteous mother, daughter of Sir Patrick Houston, and
was her self what I always hope to find her, a most religious
verteous woman, and one who in all respects might suit my
humure and circumstances to rub through the world in a sober
and privat state of Life.

After I had acquainted my Father of my design, which
he approved of, and after haveing gone through a few for-
malities of Courtship, we were married the 15 of Feb. 1709.
My Wife was then about 22 years of age, and I about 32, and
we were so happy as to have the consent and approbation of
our Friends on both sides.

After I was married I lived for some days at Edin. in hired
lodgings, and afterwards with my Father at Pennicuik House,
till Whitsonday, at which time I furnished a House in Town.

On the 2 of december it pleased God to give us a sone,
whom we christned James, 2 after my Wife's Father.

While I lived thus in Quietness, and in all the prosperity of
Life my Heart cou'd desire, I fell ill of a great cold in J Aprile/*/.
1710. My desease was contracted as I thought by the
Dampness of a House in the Cowgate, where I lived. I went
out to Pennicuik in hopes of recovering in my native Aire, but
my desease did not abate, so that in all appearance I lan-
guished in a consumption. This gave a very great, cheque to
my Felicity, and brought much truble and anguish on my
Wife and Father. I tried several Doctors and medicines in

i Third daughter of Sir James Inglis, first baronet of Cramond, who died in
1 688. See Illustration No. vin., from a portrait by Sir John Medina, in the
possession of Sir George Clerk.

- He succeeded his father as third baronet in 1755 ; married Elizabeth,
daughter of the Rev. John Cleghorn, M.A. (ordained minister of Burntisland
1701, and of Wemyss 1711, died 1744) ; and died, without issue, 1782.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

vain, my cdgh and hoarseness incressed, but my strength
keept up so well during the moneths of June and July that I
attended the Court of Exchequer, as formerly. I began, how-
ever, to dispaire, and therefor as my last shift I resolved to
take a journey into England the length of Bath. I left my
Wife at her Brother's House 1 in Cramond, under great afflic-
tion, and tho 1 I was very doubtful if ever I should see her
again, yet by some secret and irresistible impulse I set for-
wards on my journey. My Father accompanied me for the
first day, but I was able to travel no further than Drummelzier
on Tweed, which was about 12 miles from Pennicuik. I got the
next day about 12 miles further by the way of Moffat, and so
by slow journies to Carlyle. Here I found sensibly my desease
abating, and that by Riding I might sooner attain to a cure
than by any medicines whatsomever.

I traveled with two friends, one Major Leblanc, a French
man, and one Mr. Robert Clerk, they were both very agreable
companions, so that I got to Bath in a very agreable way, tho -1
foi. 90. the Weather was very | rainy and inconstant. I undertook
this journey contrary to the advice of my Physitians at Edin.,
for they all agreed that the Bath Water wou'd prove hurtful
to me. I found it indeed such, however, the change of Aire
and place contributed much to my recovery.
While I was at I staid in Bath about 6 weeks, and afterwards came to
Bath I made an London by the way of Oxfoord and Windsor. I found my

.Excursion to j J ^ J

Bristol, where I self a great deal better, however, instead of the satisfaction I
Friend and S °° d expected to find in London by seing my dear Friend and
Baro^Scroop wor thy Patron the Duke of Queensberry in perfect health, I
who lived there, found him dving ; however, I had the consolation to see him

While I staid ,*"., r . . . . T ,

with him I was every day while 1 tarried m .London.

fjfe^Brfstol" 56 About this time a vacancy hapned in the Court of Session
waters, as more by the death of the Earl of Lauderdale, 2 one of the Lords,
appearances of and I was much importuned by the Earl of Mar, at that time
butasHook Secretary of State for Scotland, to accept of the vacant office,
this to ... no- I do believe if my health had permitted me I had accepted it,

thing but a ... _ _ 1

1 Sir John Inglis, second baronet of Cramond.

2 John, fifth Earl of Lauderdale, passed advocate 30th July 1680, was
appointed a Lord of Session as Lord Ravelrig 1st November 1689, and died
30th August 1 710.

17 10] ILLNESS AND CURE 77

but the Duke of Queensberry refused to give his consent, as it I placed all
woud be attended with a great deal more of fatigue than the ridmg^hich
office I enjoyed in the Exchequer ; I followed his advice, and suc ceeded.
as yet have found no cause to repent it.

The Duke, on the prospect he had of his death, recom- T1 l is ™ the ,

, , , . , •"• ' ' only reasone of

mended his son and Family to me, and oblidged me solemnly my taking the
to promise that I should never be wanting to assist them. ward's of being
I parted with him at last, and took journey for Scotland, ?. ne of . his .

1 J J 5 Commissioners.

never more to see him, which accordingly hapned, for he died
a few weeks after, much honoured and regreted. | 1

In returning to Scotland nothing remarkable hapned by the foi. 9 i.
way. My Cogh was not much abated, however, I recovered
my strength daily, and arrived at Pennicuik 2 Octr. 1710, ^ e i°™y on
where I found my Father, my Wife, and other friends, in good which I made
health, and as I had reasone to believe, all overjoyed to see prepSdmy
me in much better plight than when I left the place. body for a cure,

T , • T . n • •i i ■ n i -i-i and will always

1 staid at Penmcuik about 2 weeks, and then went to Edin., have the same
where I lived in my own House at the head of blackfrier thopertap^ks'
Wvnd. 2 Here I may notice that this House was built, anno good effect , s do

_ , ,™ TT * , , ' not instantly

loo2, by 1 nomas Hendersone, merchant, and a cadete of the appear ; how-
Family of Fordel, and my mothers Grandfather. Sfc tKSEiig
I began, on my return to Edin., to put in practise the T l \ do f a F eat f

, . . * ' , 1 1 deal of mischief

Advices given me by my Physitians at Bath for the recovery if the Lungs are

nf mv lipnlrh " really vitiated

oi nn neaitn. or u i cerat ed,

The chief of their prescriptions was to drink Aple Tea, and which k seems

' r 1 ' mine were not,

to abandon the use of all fermented liquors. I made the Aple for 1 neve r
water my chief drink, and for a month I took 12 gutts or £y bVSst™^
drops of the Elixar Proprietatis 3 cum spiritu sulphuris in a pu ™ lent r n

. iTlSIlGr, I ^SJ

little sack every morning, but that which recovered me per- those do who
fectly, and I may say within the space of an Houer, was a Lungs their
porrenger of Broth made of a knee piece of good beef, with ^ lcera l ted -
Hartshorn in it, and the fat well scimed off. No sooner I took physick.
this with a Tost of Bread for breakfast than my cogh and
spiting left me, and never returned with its former violence.
I can explain this miraculous kind of cure to nothing but this.
My riding in England had prepared my body for a cure, so
that nothing was wanted | but to give the Blood that strength/*/. 92.

1 According to Douglas he died in Albemarle Street, London, 6th July 171 1.
- See Additional Note H. * See Additional Note I.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1710-

and consistency as to keep the serum in its ordinary channel,
and not to be seperated from it so as to be throuen on the
Lungs, from whence proceeded the perpetual cough. But
whatever was the cause, 'tis certain that my Cure was instan-
taneous. I continued this kind of breakfast for this whole
Winter-seasone, and grew as healthy and strong by it as ever.
This I mention with great gratitude to God for discovering to
me the only Medicine which restored my health. I was
brought to the brink of dispaire, and laid my account that a
few Months wou'd put an end to my infirm Carcase, but this
simple cure of my own invention wrought like a charm upon
me.

To this great blessing of recovering my Health, God was
pleased to add two more, for my Wife was brought to bed of
Seeyw^ioi. a second son, on the 26 nov. 1710, whom I christned Henry, 1
after my mothers Father, and I likeways happily fell upon a
very convenient Villa for me, the House and lands of Cammo, 2
in the parish of Cramond, about 4 miles distant from Edin.,
by this purchess I had a very agreable retirement and abun-
dance of Exercise in riding between Edin. and my House in
the Country.

During the months of november and decemb r 1710, and
january and february 1711, 1 attended the Court of Exchequer,
but in March thereafter I went to Pennicuik, and began all
Nota This the plantations to be seen there near the Water of Esk. My
year, '1754, after Father had made some nurseries, and I greatly mcressed them,

many ye >/-93 so that 1 had P knty ° f Tre6S I t0 thicken U P a11 the Woods
labour, I ' 93 about Pennicuik Town, and plant the Braes on the north and

Nations aY S0Utn sideS ° f Esk ' near tne HoUSe '

fenSk. S at In summer that year I attended the Court of Exchequer,
and sometimes my diversions of shooting and fishing. Nothing
remarkable occurred to me or my Family till the 4 of june

tho I loved all 1712, that my eldest Daughter Ann 3 was born.

v y C much n et About this time the publick Administration of the Affaires

I was particu- G f Great Britain was quite changed. The Earl of Godolphin

larly fond of

this girle. '

1 In MS. Family Register, and in Births of My Children at beginning of pre-
sent ms. , the day is entered as the 27th. He died of smallpox December 1714
(compare Register with present MS. folio 1 00).

2 See Additional Note K, — Cammo. 3 She died unmarried.

i/i2] PURCHASE OF CAMMQ 79

and the Duke of Marlebrugh began to decline in the Queen's
favours, tho' they were the only supports of her great Reputa-
tion in Europe.

This, as I conceived, hapned chiefly from a disgust the
Queen took to the family of Hannover, on which the succes-
sion to the Crown of Great Britain and Ireland had been
settled. This kind of disgust is common amongst princes
when their subjects begin to make more than ordinary Court
to their successors, and when the people begin to adore the
rising sun. The princess Sophia, 1 mother of the Hannoverian
Family, was the grand daughter of King James the 6 of Scot-
land and first of England, and on her the succession to the
British Crown was, on the death of Queen Ann, immediately
to devolve. This woman was at that time past 60 years of
Age, and otherways no extraordinary Lady for parts ; however,
some in England carried their respects for her so far as to talk
of bringing her over to England in the Queen's life time. This
galed her Majesty exceedingly, so that she began to despise
her Ministers in England, and to project ways of bringing
about a peace, j to the prejudice of her Alies abroad and the/*?-
common cause of Europe. The French were now upon the
point of being humbled and granting every condition of a
peace that coifd be asked, but this alteration in Queen Ann's
affections for the House of Hannover soon discovered that
th ere was no better way left to humble the said House and all
its supporters as to give new life and vigour to France. To
break the Union of the Two Kingdoms, by which chiefly the
succession was settled, and at last to call in her Brother the
pretender, as he was usually called, in order to protect her.
These were very difficult schems ; however, there was a Lady

1 It was enacted that ' the most excellent Princess Sophia, Electress and
Duchess-Dowager of Hanover, daughter of the most excellent Princess Elizabeth,
late Queen of Bohemia, daughter of our late sovereign lord King Tames the
First, of happy memory, be, and is hereby declared to be, the next in succession
in the Protestant line to the imperial crown and dignity of the said realms of
England, France, and Ireland, with the dominions and territories thereto belong-
ing, after his Majesty and the Princess Anne of Denmark, and in default of issue
of the said Princess Anne and of his Majesty respectively.'— 12 and 13 Will. in.
c. 2. She predeceased Queen Anne, dying 8th June 1713. Her son became
King George I.

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1712

in the Court, one Mrs. Masham, 1 a new confident of the
Queen's, who set about managing them.

The High Treasurer, the E. of Godolphin, was easily dis-
placed, and in consequence of his fall the Duke of MarlebrughTs
power in the Army and Interests amongst the Queen's Allies
were entirely broken. The French began to exult, and were
prompted from England to refuse the same Terms of a peace
which formerly they had agreed to.

The Secretary of State, Robt. Harley, 2 was next made use
of to carry on the whole project, for under the Title of Earl
of Oxford he was made Lord High Treasurer, and as he was
an inveterat Ennemy of the Duke of Marlebrugh and Earl of
Godolphin, he brought an unexpected change in the Army, for
the Duke was at last displaced, and the D. of Ormond 3 was
made General in Flanders. A good natured, profuse, innocent
man, of little or no experience in military affaires. One Mr.
St. John, 4 afterwards Lord Bulinbrook and Secretary of State,
/<>?• 95- became the Queen's great favourite next j to the Earl of
I was well Oxford. By this Ministry all the Whig ministry was over-

acquamted with t " o j

Lord Buiing- turn'd, and scarse any thing seem'd to remain but to call in

broock, he was . , -n i 1

a smart clever the Pretender.

1 Abigail Hill, cousin of Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough. Having been
appointed waiting-maid to the Princess Anne, she acquired great influence,
which continued after her mistress ascended the throne. In 1707 she privately
married Mr. Masham, who in 1711 was elevated to the Peerage. She combined
with Harley, and contributed to the overthrow of Godolphin and Marlborough.
Died 1734.

- Robert Harley, born 1661. He became a Member of Parliament, in 1701
was chosen Speaker, and in 1704 was appointed Secretary of State. On the
fall of Godolphin he became Chancellor of the Exchequer, in 171 1 was created
Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, and appointed Lord High Treasurer. After the
accession of George I. he and Bolingbroke were impeached by the Commons,
and he was committed to the Tower, but finally acquitted. Died 1724.

s James, second Duke of Ormonde, born 1665. He distinguished himself at
the battle of the Boyne, in 1702 commanded the expedition to Spain, and in
1 7 12 succeeded Marlborough as commander-in-chief in Flanders. In 17 15 he
was impeached for high treason and retired to France, where he devoted him-
self to the cause of the Stuarts. Died 1745. His letters relating to the projected
rising of 1718-19 are now being published by the Scottish History Society.

4 Henry St. John, born 1678. He became Secretary-at- War in 1704, and
in 1 710, when Harley succeeded Godolphin, he was appointed Secretary of
State. In 1712 he was created Viscount Bolingbroke, but on the accession of
George I. he was deprived of his office, and joined the Pretender on the Con-
tinent. He afterwards returned to England, where he died 1 751.

17 14] DEATH OF QUEEN ANNE SI

But whatever success attended these new projectors with man, a good
regard to themselves, yet it appeared very obvious that they ^ea?Rake ld *
had not as yet prepared the people, and far less the Clergy of h '
England, to cast themselves at the mercy of any Roman able, however,
Catholick interest, and tho 1 her Majesty had, I believe, the SfsjlcobUe
Hannoverian family and succession in utter abhorrence, yet so Ministry the

, _ v. . 7 J friends of the

wise was she, as to find out that it wou'd be a dangerous step Pretender were
for her to call in her Brother the Pretender, for whatever obli- by SwSgs
gations he might think himself under to her, yet his friends andputtoiuhat

0 0 ' J the Queen her

wou d never be at rest till he was put in the actual possession self . [ was l
of the Throne, and the Queen removed. These considerations Spuf^ooo
had terrible effects upon her, for seaing that her Life would be o^t^VJelender
in hazard from the friends of the Pretender and the Roman if he should be
Catholick Interest, she delayed putting the schems she had broughtto
agreed to in Execution, and at last, her mind being distracted ffcSoTcom*
between hopes and fears, that gave her no rest either night or mons to this
day, she sickned and died, losing all the Glory and honour [ifcoooohb.
that ever she had acquired, 1 A°-ust 1714. ster - 1 Biswas

* ' & * no small satis-

Her Ministry fell with her, and the Whigs became the only faction to
favourites of King George the first. The Jacobites durst not for themSt
make the least appearance | for their unhappy prince abroad, ^ n ^ inejac °~
tho 1 King George gave them all opportunities ; for he came bites ... that
not over for 6 weeks after he was proclaimed in England ho ^ seman y ,

1 i • i j.- ,i ° ' -.-hem were of

during which time the pubhck affaires were under the manage- -d. were
ment of certain Regents, named by the King in a Writ sent ctnSifto^this
to England before the Queen's death, for her Majesty had a bar^lnTho
fit of an Apoplexy some time before she died. She recovered the y imagined
and in this intervale the L d Oxford demitted his office of£ough??o
Treasurer, for as he could not go the lengths with some of his b^Y^ni-
own creatures in the Ministry, he could hold his office no ments °f a new
longer, and the Earl of Shrewsberry 2 was appointed to succeed Revolutlon '
him. In the meantime the late shufling impudent Treasurer,

1 A reward of £100,000 was voted by the first Parliament of George I. to
any one who should secure the Pretender upon his attempting to land in Britain.
A reward of ^5000 had previously been offered by the Tory Ministry of Queen
Anne. — Hill Burton's History, second ed., vol. viii. p. 263.

- Charles Talbot, born 1660. He succeeded his father as twelfth Earl of
Shrewsbury in 1668, and in 1694 was created Duke of Shrewsbury. He was
Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain from 30th July till nth October 1714.
Died 1718. Swift styled him ' the finest gentleman we have.'

82 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1714

L d Oxford, laid claime to King George's favour, because, as he
pretended, he had prevented the Tory Ministry in England to
go the lengths for the Pretender which they intended. This
was indeed true, for the Rogue acted on both sides, having
nothing in view but to agrandize himself and his family, but
he seemed to forget who broke the whig ministry and encou-
raged the high flying jacobite party to lay their schems for
subverting the Government of his Royal Mistres and the
protestant succession. All the 16 peers for Scotland were
noted Jacobites, and so were all he employed in the Ministry
under him, yea the very Parliament wouM have gone into his
measures, but as he was really a Whig in his heart, he con-
stantly put them off with new delays, till the Queen's death
put an end to all these shufling measures.

Nature never produced such a man as this prime minister,
Jicuiariy well for it was not in his power to give a direct positive answere to
Sfeln Whh any one Question put to him, so that by this kind of Genius
privkt Life he \ ie " was enabled, not only to impose upon every mortal, but
v^tuoso^and upon himself, for he knew not often what to wish for, and had
Sionof Books, but one single thing really in view, which was to retain his
^nuscnpis, dignity and power.

curiosk^s, It was mv admiration frequently how the People of England

Sdabou^o bore with this man s Rogueries, for amongst many instances |
foi. 97 . to demonstrat how easily some people will suffer themselves to
years after his k e imposed on this may serve, that at a time when he wanted
a Majority in the House of Peers he got her Majesty to creat
twelve new Peers. 2 These men 'had the confidence, on their

in 1711.

1 He began to collect in 1705. His miscellaneous curiosities, coins, medals,
and portraits were sold by auction in March 1742, and the books, including
about 50,000 printed books, 41,000 prints, and 350,000 pamphlets, were sold to
Thomas Osborne, the bookseller, for .£13^00, much less than the cost of
binding. A collection of the scarce pamphlets was printed by Oldys as The
Harleian Miscellany, 8 vols. Svo, London 1744-6- The mss., consisting of 7639
volumes, and 14,236 rolls, charters, etc., were sold to the nation in 1753 for
the small sum of ,£10,000, and form the celebrated Harleian Collection of the
British Museum.

2 In 171 1, when the Whigs, by an unprincipled coalition with Nottingham,,
had secured 'a majority in the House of Lords, Harley persuaded the queen first
to dismiss Marlborough from all his offices, and then to create twelve new Tory
Peers. ' Apart from the immediate questions of the day, this creation of Peers
has a wide constitutional significance. Just as the deposition of James II. had

1 7 14] HARLEY AS PRIME MINISTER

ignominious creation, to come to the House of Peers and
support their Patron in all his schems. One \vou"d wonder
how men of tollerable sense and honesty should accept of being
made peers on such scandelous Terms, and how the people of
England should have suffered themselves to be born down and
insulted by such men. But they are fond of Quality, and
seem as if they thought the patents of peers were immediately
transmitted to them from Heaven. By this bold strock he
lost no ground at that time ; however, he gave a sufficient profe
that he was not to be trusted.

By these and the like methods he was abhored by King
George the first, who was a very wise upright prince, and all
the favour he cou'd procure was to be saved from the Gallows, And which his
which he richly deserved. own c,eature s

J* wou d have

Amongst those who hated him most were the Jacobites in gladly honoured
Britain and Ireland, and indeed they had great reasone, f or hlmUlth "
tho 1 he cajolled them, yet he never intended to give them the
least assistance in their main schem, and so left them in the
Lurch at last

But when his Ministry was acceptable, and nothing expected
but a new Revolution in Great Britain, the Jacobites every
(sic) | managed their affaires with great boldness, and in fullyw. 98.
assurance that they had the Ball at their foot, and in this I was in all
confidence I my self and others who had the reputation of ^"hem^for
being Whigs were treated in Scotland with great neglect and 1 P aid DO '

■ , TT tit manner of

contempt. However, we were resolved to stand our ground, reguard to
and had the satisfaction to observe that on the Accession of ^ed^hem
King George, those who had neglected us most were so mean ^ d ^ de ™ d 1
and servile as to be the first who courted our friendship.

During those confusions in Britain, I continued my former
way of living. In the Winter I lived in Town so long as the
Court of Exchequer hapned to sit. In the Spring seasons I
always lived with my Father at Pennicuik, and continued my
plantations on both sides of the Water of Esk. In the

made it evident that if king and parliament pulled different ways it was for the
king to give way, so the creation of Peers in 171 1 made it evident that if the
two Houses pulled different ways, it was for the House of Lords to give way.' —
Gardiner's Student's History of England, pp. 695-6.

1 ' Haman saw Mordecai in the king's gate, that he stood not up, nor moved
for him.' — Esther v. 9.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

moneths of June and July, during the Terms of the Exchequer,
I lived at my Country house of Cam mo, but rode every day to
Edin. and attended the Court.

This exercise gave me a great stock of health, especially
when joined to my frequent diversions of fowling and fishing,
for I constantly attended my Father at the pouting 1 during
the summer vacations in the Exchequer.

My plantations at Pennicuik no ways hindered me from
improving the Lands and Gardens of Cam mo, for I did a great
deal about it, all the Plantations except a few Firrs on the
East side of the House having been made by me.

But these Exercises never interfered with my studies, for
within the House I made a considerable progress in most
foi- 99- studies, : particularly in Greek and Roman Literature. About
this time I began to project the writing of A History of
the Union of the two Kingdoms in Latine, and to give an
account of all the attempts that had been made to unite the
Britons under one Head, from the days of Julius Caesar down
to the accomplishment of this great work in 1707.

This I confess was a very arduous attempt, and therefore to
accomplish it I not only read over all the Roman Classicks,
but made very large Excerpts from them all. particularly from
Liw and Salust, whom I was chiefly to imitat in my History. 2

These studies took up some years, and in the mean time I
read over all the Histories and all the Memoirs and Pamfiets
that related to the affaires of England and Scotland. This
gave me a vast deal of work ; however, I went through it not
without success, and at last began my History.

What I wrote was afterwards copied by my Chaplain, Mr.
Ainslev, but was very incorrectly written.

I finished the work at last, but it was so tedious and the
success of it so doubtful that I never had the courage nor the
time to revise it. Every particular was related with great

1 • The Pouting, the sport of shooting young grouse or partridges.' — Jamie-
son's Scottish Dictionary .

- Many series of MS. transcripts from Livy and other classical historians are
preserved among the Cierk papers. Some are marked in the Baron's hand-
writing — ' which show the vast pains I was at to attain a perfect Knowledge of
the Latine Language.'

17 1 3-4] MS. HISTORY OF THE UNION

candour and fidelity, but often the style did not please me,
and so from time to time I put off the revising of it in such a
way as it might some time or other after my death be pub-
lished ; however, I do not despair | of revising it before I die.>- 7 - i°o.
and if I happen not to do it, I hope it will never be published. 1 ^ as d not

About the end of june 1713 I catched cold at the pouting on but on the 172,3 '
the moors, and fell into a feaver, which continued with me for orig^ai copy
3 weeks. I was brought very low, but by the will of God and by m J' self wa s

° J J burnt, not

the assistance of D r Clerk 2 and D r Arthure, 3 two young phy- from any dis-
sitians, I happily recovered. My chief pain and truble lay in had done^but
my head, which I found vastly eased by the application of a becau se in case

* J j rr !t was revised

Blister to my back, and a cataplasm of popies to my head. I after my death
have made a particular journal of my distemper, so shall say no^eferences^o
no more here. ^ e on - inal

Manuscript, as

In August 1713 it pleased God to incress my Family by is commonly
another daughter, who was christned Elizabeth, 4 after my practIsed -
mother.

The months subsequent to this Avere spent as before between
my studies and the business of the Exchequer, together with
my improvements at Pennicuik and Cammo, till december
thereafter, Avhen my children hapned to fall ill of the small-pox.
In this distemper it pleased God to remove my third son
Hary, whom I hurried at Pennicuik Kirk, in the burial place
there.

His death was the more afflicting to his Mother and me
that he was a very strong healfull (.sic) Boy as ever I saw in
my Life, whereas his elder Brother James was verv tender from

1 Three MS. copies of this History are preserved among the Clerk papers.
One is marked by the Baron : — l N.B. This book was very incorrectly copied by
my chaplain, Mr. Ainslie, who was not at all acquainted with the Latine ortho-
graphy. I lokt it over in the year 1746, and altered several things. My own
copy, tho' written badly and much interlined, was lost in the troublesome times
of the year 1745, when most of my papers were hidden in disorder. However,
I make the best of it I can. I have revised it once more in March 1 75 1. '

2 Dr. John Clerk, eldest son of Dr. Robert Clerk ; see note to folio 8.

3 William Arthur took his degree at Utrecht ; received his diploma from the
Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, 12th March 1707 ; was licensed to
practice 9th February, and was admitted a fellow of the College 1st June of the
same year.

4 She was married to Robert Pringle, afterwards Lord Edgefield, in 1736.
See folio 171.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [171 5

his birth, and continued so till he was 4 or 0 years of Age.
My eldest son John was then at Pennicuik.

The following year, 1715, was as remarkable to my Family
as it was to the nation.

In January my son James fell ill of the small-pox, for
hitherto he had continued free of them. We were in great
anxiety about him, because of his weak constitution and bad
foi. 101. habit of body, j but this went over in a few days, and he
recovered, not only of this disease, but of several boyls and
outbreakings with which he had been trubled. These were
plainly oweing to his nurse, whose milk, I am persuaded, was
unsound, for most of all her children had the same trubles.

In februarv my dear Brother and companion Hary fell ill of
a Cough, which brought him into a Consumption, of which he
died in Aprile after. He was a very ingenious lad, and much
given to mathematical and phylosophical studies. When he
found himself drawing near his end he wished only to live to
see the great Eclipse of the sun, 1 which was to happen on a
fridav, 2 days before he died, but in this innocent wish he was
disappointed, yet submiting to the will of God with great
chearfulness. He had a good deal of humure to the last, for
when he found he was going off, he called to a friend, D r Clerk,
next his bed, that if he pleased the Glourers might come
in, meaning the Gasers and such who rather out of curiosity
than sympathy or duty attend the sick till their breath go out.

In May this year I sent my eldest son John to Eton, near
Windsor, which was under the direction of one D r Snap, 2 a very
learned man. I did this with the advice and concurrence of
the Earl of Galloway and the rest of his Mother's friends. He
was exceedingly fit for such improvements as couYl be acquired
at any English school, for he had a very fine genius for learn-
ing, and by great application profited accordingly while he
staid there. !

1 This eclipse occurred on Friday the 23d April 17 15. See Scots Coarant
27th to 29th April 1 7 15.

- Dr. Andrew Snap, chaplain to Queen Anne, and a preacher of considerable
reputation, succeeded John Newborough as head master of Eton, resigning in
1 7 1 9, when he became Provost of King's College, Cambridge. His attack on
Bishop Hoadley in 1717 occasioned the celebrated ' Bangorian Controversy.'

THE EARL OF MAR

I parted with him not without a great deal of uneasiness, 102.
but as he was to travel in company with his Unckle, Colonel
Stuart, afterwards a Brigadier General in Spain, and had
for a school fellow his cousin James Stuart, 1 a son of the
Earl of Galloway. I comforted my self in doing what I
thought wou'd prove most for his improvement and advan-
tage, for besides a fine opportunity of learning the Greek
and Latine, I thought it wou"d be an additional Quali-
fication to him that he understood the English Language,
which since the Union wou'd always be necessary for a Scots-
man in whatever station of Life he might be in, but especially
in any publick character.

But whatever uneasiness I suffered during the first moneths
of this year, it was vastly incressed by the publick calamities
with which my country was threatened, for a Rebellion broke
out, of which I shall give the following short account.

The favourers of the late Royal Family of the Stuarts being
vastly disappointed and exasperated at the bad success of their
schems by the last Ministry of Great Britain, and the acces-
sion of the Elector of Hannover to the Throne, they resolved .
to trie their fate by an open Rebellion. This was a project
chiefly manadged by those who had little or nothing to lose,
men of small and desperat Fortunes.

Amongst these the chief Ring-Leader was the Earl of Mar.
He was not only my acquaintance but my particular friend.
He was at the time of the Union one of the Secretaries of State
for Scotland, and so fond of the Union of both Kingdoms I
that most of all the privat meetings of the Scotch Comnris--^- T °3-
sioners for concerting the Articles of the Union were at his
House. After the Union took place, he continued in great
favour with Queen Ann, and at last joined with the Torv
Ministry, which, as I have noticed before, disconcerted all
the salutary measures not only of Great Britain, but of all
Europe, for he was no mean Instrument in concerting the

1 Second son of James, fifth Earl of Galloway. He entered the third regi-
ment of foot-giiards, and was present at the battle of Fontenoy. In 1752 he
became colonel of the thirty-seventh regiment of foot. He was chosen Member
of Parliament for the Wigtown burghs in 1734 and 1747, and for the county of
Wigtown in 1 741 and 1754 ; and died a lieutenant-general at Calley in 1768.

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [17 15

measures that took place afterwards in the Treaty of Utricht,
by which all the advantages were given up to France that
had been gained by several years war in Flanders. This
Earl came afterwards, in 1711, to be as fond of breaking the
Union as ever he had shewn zeal for making it, and I may
here notice, by the bye, that at that time the Union had been
broke if it had not been for a Resolution taken in Scotland as a
condition of breaking the Union, that the succession should be
settled to the Kingdom of Scotland on the House of Hannover
as firmly as it had been secured by an Article of the Union.

But this bait was so far from taking with the Ministry of
England that on the contrary the leading men, who were
intent on their jacobite schems, saw it more for the interest of
what they had principally in view to continue the Union, for
it appeared evident to them that if a Scots parliament should,
on the dissolution of the Union, settle the succession as was
proposed, it was impossible that the Pretender could have any
security on the Throne of England, for that his Ennemies
wou"d retire to Scotland, and there be sufficient to form such a
M. to 4 . strong party as with a little assistance from Hannover and its
confederats wou'd be soon in a condition to overturn their
new Government. Thus the Union of the two Kingdoms was
preserved, and I am persuaded that whatever schem of Govern-
ment shall prevail in Great Britain, its best and only security
must arise from the Union of the Kingdoms.

But to return to the Rebellion, my Friend the Earl of Mar,
finding no favour at Court upon the accession of King George,
he concerted measures with the Jacobites in England, the sum
of which was that he should repair to the Highlands of Scot-
land, and there to draw togither all the friends of the late
Royal family, when at the same time some of the leading men
of that party should repair to the north of England and raise
all the forces they cou'd for King James. Upon this the
Scotch and English jacobites should meet on the borders
between the two Kingdoms, and after their junction should,
Rebellion with victorious arms, march to London, in order to dispossess
in 1715. King George of the Throne and call home their Master.

Such was their main schem, but they failed in the execution
of all the most important parts of it.

THE REBELLION

In the mean time it must be confessed that their Courage
and conduct in Scotland far exceeded what was expected, for
the Earl of Mar had so much address as to bring to the Town
of Perth, the center of all the Enterprise, at least 10,000 men,
some have carried the number to 12,000, which I am inclined
to believe provided the 1600 men be included that | past the/*/. 103.
Frith of Forth near the Island of May, of which hereafter.

During these convulsions in my native country, I was
oblidged to change my course of .living and turn a Military
Man, for being appointed one of the Liutenants of the Shire
of Edin., I was oblidged to act my part in bringing the
Militia together. These consisted of a few men, Horse and
foot, who never continued 3 days together, and signified
nothing in the military way, the Lowland-men being a great
deal more unfit for warlike expeditions than the Highlanders
who had joined the Earl of Mar. However, with these Militia
Troops we sometimes made a show, and perhaps they served to
iritimidat those who knew nothing about them. They were
particularly useful and active when the Highlanders above
mentioned past the Forth and were marching to take posses-
sion of Edin., for being drawn up on the High way a mile
East of Edin., where these Highlanders were to march in order
to take possession of the Town, they found themselves oblidged
to turn to the right and take possession of the Citadel of
Lieth, the 1 of October 1715.

That same night, to the great joy of the Inhabitants of
Edin., who expected to be plundered by the Highlanders, the
Duke of Argyle arrived from Stirling with 200 chosen foot
and 300 Dragoons, the foot mounted on country horses for the
more Expedition.

Next morning the Deputy Liutenants and all the well
affected to the Government of K. George waited on him, and
immediately he ordered all his, troops to march down with M-
him to the attaque of the Citadel of Lieth.

I waited on his Grace, and we never halted till we were
within 300 paces of that place. Here all our men were drawn

2 There is a blank in the MS. here. It was on Friday the 14th of October
that the Highlanders seized the citadel of Leith.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [i?tg

up in 2 lines for the attaque. The foot in the center and the
Horse on the Wings, our number was as follows.

300 Dragoons, 200 Regular foot, about 200 of the Town
Guards of Edin., and about 500 Volunteers, with a Regiment of
Militia. These amounting in all to about 1500 men, were drawn
up on the Crofts to the Westward of the Citadel. There were
likeways 2 Regiments of Militia from the Shires of Merse and
Teviotdale, who were drawn up on the Links on the south side
of the Town to prevent the Highlanders from escaping.

The Duke called a Council of War, consisting of the prin-
cipal officers present, in sight of the Ennemy, here it was
debated in what manner to attaque the Citadel, for the Duke
had never seen it, and the issue was that in regard we had
neither Cannon, Bombs, nor Granads, it was impossible to do
anything to purpose, for that our Men wou'd be destroied by
the fire of the Ennemy before they came near the Ramparts,
for altho"' these Ramparts and Bastions were ruined ever since
the days of Oliver Cromwell, who about the years 1654 and
1655 ordered them to be repaired out of the old fortifications
of Leith, yet they were sufficient against such a body of men
as we were who came there to attaque them.
foi. io 7 . On these considerations we were oblidged | to return to the
Town in a very disconsolet manner.

The Duke might have been informed of the condition of
that place before he marched there, but he thought nothing
in Scotland, except Castles, impregnable to his Troops, and
we who knew the Citadel never doubted but dismounted
Dragoons cou'd force the place sword in hand.

The next thing to be done was to provide artilery from the
Castle of Edin., in order to attaque the Citadel next day, but
that night the Highlanders, who were under the command of
one Brigadier Macintosh, 1 and marched off to Seaton House, 2
where they staid 3 or 4 days.

Here several Detachments were sent out of Edin. to attaque
them, but being without cannon we cou'd do nothing.

1 Brigadier Macintosh ofBorlum. He had previously proclaimed James vni.
at Inverness, and seized and garrisoned the Castle there.

2 The old Seton Castle, the seat of their adherent the Earl of Winton, on
the site where Seton House now stands, about eleven miles east of Edinburgh.

THE REBELLION

At last these Highlanders, by orders from my L d Mar, pro-
ceeded to join their friends on the English borders, which they
did at Kelso and Jedbrugh. There came to them likeways
the Earls of Nithsdale 1 and Carnath, 2 the Viscount of Ken-
more, 3 and many Gentlemen from the Shires of Dumfrise and
Galloway, who, with their servants, made about 100 horse, but
they were very unskilled in Military affaires, as were likeways
all those who met them as before on the borders between
England and Scotland, and, which was still worse, their com-
mander-in-chief, Thomas Foster, 4 was an idle, drunken, sense-
less man, not good enough to head a company of militia. |
Yet they had the confidence to march into England by the/*'- 1°8.
way of Longtoun, Carlyle, Penrith, Kendal, and at last took
their station at Preston, a Town fatal to Scots Highlanders in
former times. 5

Here they were surrounded by some Regular Troops, which
consisted only of about 1000 Horse and one company of foot.
The Horse made up 4 or 5 weak Regiments of Dragoons under
General Carpenter G and Wills, and the foot were not above

1 William, fifth Earl of Nithsdale, succeeded his father in 1696. Engaging
in the Rebellion of 17 15, he was captured at Preston, and sentenced to be exe-
cuted ; but effected his escape through the heroism of his wife. Lady Winifred
Herbert, daughter of William, Marquis of Powys. He died at Rome 1744.

- Robert, sixth Earl of Carnwath, succeeded to the title in 1703. Engaging
in the Rebellion of 1715, he was captured at Preston, and condemned to be exe-
cuted, but was respited and finally pardoned, and died 1737.

3 William, sixth Viscount of Kenmure, succeeded his father in 169S. In
the Rebellion of 17 1 5 he raised the standard of the Pretender at Lochmaben.
He was taken at Preston, and beheaded at Tower Hill, 1716.

4 A council of war was called by the rebels, but the resolutions arrived at
were countermanded next day by Foster, who had not been present at the
deliberations, having ' received some little damage in the course of a convivial
entertainment, so as to render it necessary that, instead of studying military
despatches, he should retire to bed.' — Hill Burton's History, second edition,
vol. viii. p. 309. ' He was no Soldier : nor was the command given to him
as such, but he was the only Protestant who could give credit to the under-
taking, being of Note in Northumberland, of an ancient Family, and having
for several years been Member of Parliament for that County, and therefore very
Popular.' — Rae's History of 'the Rebellion, London, 1717, p. 120.

5 In 1648 Cromwell routed the Scots royalists, under the Duke of Plamilton,
at Preston.

6 General George Carpenter, born 1657. Having served with distinction in
Ireland, Flanders, and Spain, he was, on the outbreak of the Rebellion of 1715,

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [17 15

All their jacobite
Friends in
Britain were
ashamed of
their conduct.
The account
they gave for it
was that as there
was no Insur-
rection in Eng-
land as they
expected for
their King,
they knew that
at last they
must have
succumbed, and
therefor they
judged it both
unsafe and need-
less for them to
fight at Preston,
but rather to
surrender at dis-
cretion in hopes
of saving their
lives and ob-
taining Hon-
ourable Terms.

A gross mis-
take.

fol. log.

The above
mentioned
mistake ruined
King Charles
the First at 2
several Engage-
ments, particu-
larly at Edge-
hill, where
Prince Rupert

800. The Highlanders were about 1000, besides the Low-
landers, which made at least 1200 more. They behaved very
poorly, and afterwards, without stroke of sword, surrendered
as prisoners of War.

This remarkable event hapned on the 13 Nov. 1715, and the
same day the jacobite Army, under the command of the Earl
of Mar, was defeated by the Duke of Argyle at the sheriff-
moor near Dumblain. Mar's army consisted of more than
12,000 men, whereas that under the Duke of Argyle very little
exceeded 3000. The Highlanders made a fire or two in crood
order, but at last fled in confusion, except a few who remained
with the Earl of Mar in what might be called the field of
Battle, for they continued there after the Duke marched back
to Dumblain.

This seeming Equality of fortune was oweing to the defeat
of the Duke of Argyle's left wing, which was not timousely
supported, for the jacobite Army which faced the Duke fled
near 4 miles, with the Troops who defeated them at their
Heels. The Duke fancied that the Route was total, and
therefore pursued so far as that he cou'd not return in time to
assist his left wing, which fled almost to the bridge of Stirling. |

This oversight was much resented afterwards by King George,
and was the chief cause of displacing the Duke after the
Rebellion was over ; however, I believe this might have befallen
any General, for it hapned that one Armstrong, the Duke's
Aid-de-Camp, was killed as he was carrying the proper intel-
ligence to the Duke of the Ennemy's disposition. 1 I myself
hapned accidentally not to be at that Battle, but heard from

appointed to the supreme command of the forces in the north of England. He
prevented the rebels from seizing Newcastle ; and, reaching Preston, which
General Wills had been ineffectively blockading, he forced them to capitulate,
as described above. In the following year he was challenged by Wills, but a
duel was prevented by the Dukes of Montagu and Marlborough. In 1719 he
was created Lord Carpenter of Killaghy, in the Peerage of Ireland. Died 1732.

1 This is not mentioned by Hill Burton, but Chambers refers to it. Rae
{History of the Rebellion, p. 306 and note) states that 1 all Communication or
Intelligence by Aid-de-Camp or otherwise was interrupted,' for ' Captain Arm-
strong, one of the Duke's Aids-de-Camp, having received the Orders was killed,'
and that, consequently, the left of the King's army, commanded by General
Wetham, believing that the right was defeated or surrounded by the rebels,
retired towards Dunblane and Stirling.

i/i 5] BATTLE OF SHERLFFMUIR 93

others that the Moor of Dumblain was so covered with the in a foolish
Ennemies flying that all believed it was a general Route. the Winghe

Mar exulted and claimed the honour of the victory because had beat for

J 2 or 3 miles,

a part of his men remained for some time that night on the and on his
field of Battle ; however, from that periode and what hapned his Master's
at Preston, the Rebellion was in some measure at an end. for and^L^d 0 ^
tho 1 Mar retired to Perth, and keept his Troops with him
for near three Months after, yet he was never able to prosecute
his design of marching into England.

In the meantime the poor unhappy pretender, deluded by
Mar's letters and the vain hopes of his Friends, embarqued at
Dunkirk and landed at Peterhead. He was amused for some
days by Mar and his Friends, but coming afterwards to Scoon,
near Perth, and understanding better the circumstances in
which he was in, he began to dispaire, yet not so avouedlv as
to discompose his Friends at Perth, for he continued with
them till the Duke of Argyle, assisted by near 3000 Dutch
Troops, marched to attaque him. He gave orders then to
burn Achterarder, 1 in order to disturb the Duke in his march,
but this had no other effect than to give the Country people
a dislike of him and all his adherents. |

At last he withdrew with his Garisone of Perth to Dundee, foi. no.
and from thence to Montrose, where he embarqued in a ship it J was ? u 1 ch

' 1 * admired that

tor r ranee. Lord Mar and some others secretlv accompanied the Pretender
him. L d Marishal 2 and other Chiefs who had joined him fled L^Mar irfscot-
to the north, and dispersed themselves in all the secret corners land to take his

L fortune with the

of the Highlands. rest of his

The unhappy Pretender did not find his case any way altered he had spirited
for the better, for tho 1 he escaped the seas and part of the up . t0 the ' r . t .

* t mine and to the

British Fleet with great perril of his Life, yet his misfortunes manefest hazard
were but to begin, for as Lewis the 14, King of France, bad for since his
died some months before, the Duke of Orleanse, 3 who was Army at Shinff

1 Contemporary ' Accounts of the Burning of the Villages of Auchterarder,
Muthill,' etc., are printed in the Maitland Club Miscellany, vol. iii. p. 441.

- George Keith, tenth Earl Marischal, succeeded his father in 1712. He
engaged in the Rebellion of 17 15, was attainted, and escaped to the Continent.
He returned with the Spanish expedition in 1719, and after the defeat at Glen-
shiel, entered the service of Frederick the Great, who appointed him ambassador
to France and to Spain. He was pardoned in 1759, and died at Potsdam 1778.

3 Philip of Orleans, nephew of Louis xiv., Regent of France 1715-23.

94 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [171 5

Moorcou'd Regent of that Kingdom, was under such difficulties that he

make nothing " °, . .

of it, tho 10000 neither wou d nor cou d give him any assistance. He retired,

the a re n was 0 no- therefore, to Rome, where I shall leave him.

thing to be His Friends at Home, particularly those who surrendered

expected for the ,

poor unfortunat at rreston, were variously distressed. Two hundred of them
and his party^ Avere carried to London, and after passing through the streets
brought him to j n a most ignominious wav, were sent to different prisons.

Scotland when ° , 1/7 r

his affaires were borne made their escape, as the Earls of Nithsdale and Carn-
^erarcondition. wa -th, but severals were hanged. At Preston and Liverpole
more of them suffered than elsewhere, for their number was
about 32. A great many were pardoned, and most of them
had felt the King's mercy if it had not been for a prevailing-
party at Court, who wanted to mortify some of those who
were principally concerned in the Ministry under the Earl of
Oxfoord, and who had shown any satisfaction in the unfortunat
Treaty of Peace at Utricht in 1714. 2
foL in. One publick incident I cannot but remember | here, because
some of my particular Friends were so unhappy as to be con-
cerned in it, this was in September 1715, just after Mar came
to Scotland and had begun the Rebellion, to surprise the
Castle of Edin. 3

There were about 60 or 70 Gentlemen concerned in it,
and tho' the attempt was extreemly hazardous, yet they had
resolved on it, and at many secreet meetings encouraged one
another to persevere in it.

The project was to scale the Castle Wall on the south west

1 Compare with numbers given at folio ioS. Chambers states that the army
with which Argyll prepared to attack the rebels amounted, ' by recent accessions
from Ireland, to exactly three thousand three hundred men, of whom twelve
hundred were cavalry ; a force only about a third of that commanded by Mar '
(p. 250, ed. 1S29) ; and (p. 253) he estimates the main body brought on the field
by Mar as eight thousand, with a corps de reserve of about eight hundred.

- The Whigs were enraged that, owing to the action of the Tory Ministers,
and the removal of Marlborough from command, France, whose Government
had always favoured the Jacobites, obtained better terms in the Treaty of
Utrecht than would otherwise have been the case.

3 The attempt upon the Castle was devised by Lord Drummond, who, if it
succeeded, was to be made governor. According to Patten {History of the Late
Rebellion, pp. 159, 160), there were engaged in the attempt 'no less than ninety
choice men, picked out for the enterprise, all gentlemen ; and each of them was
to have £100 sterling, and a commission in the army, if the attempt succeeded.'

I/IS] ATTACK ON EDINBURGH CASTLE 95

side by means of a Ladder of Rops, to be fixed on the Top of
the Wall by one Serjeant Ainsley, whom these Don Quixots
had corrupted for this purpose. The wall at that time was
not above ten or twelve feet high, so that there cou'd be no
other difficulty than what they might expect from a numerous
Garisone within.

As the appointed time drew near for accomplishing this
enterprise, I believe some of the intended conquerors began to
discover their want of adequet courage, and therefor, to pre-
vent it, made a secret intimation of it to the justice clerk,
then Lord Ormistone, 1 he immediately gave notice of it to
the Deputy Governour, 2 who ordered most of his Garrisone
to go the round of the Castle Wall. This precaution hapned
precisely in time, for just as the Garisone came to that part of
the Wall which was to be scaled they found the above Serjeant
Ainsley fixing the Laders. He was immediately apprehended,
and on the firing of a musket the Heroes below dispersed
themselves. Most of them on this discovery fled the country,
and the Serjeant was shortly after hanged at the place where
he was taken.

This Avas accounted by the jacobites a very j great misfor- foi. n 2 .
tune, but tho" it might have added some reputation to my
Lord Mar's Enterprise first, it would have signified at last
very little, for nothing appears more a demonstration to me
than that the whole schem of the Rebellion was badly timed
and miserablv executed. At the accession of a new Kino; the
subjects who supported him are commonly more zealous than
afterwards, for by the Histories of Great Britain it will be
found that we are vastly changeable, and seldom fond of any
thins; for a considerable time. We delight in novelties, and consider the

, „. . . . , ..i i various fortunes

can change lyings and Ministries with no great reiuctancy, of the Roval

f a m i I" *" V t

especially if the Expectations of our selves and friends do not and Lan«ister.
precisely quadrat with the vain or covetous hopes we had
conceived.

1 Adam Cockburn of Ormistoun, appointed Lord Justice-Clerk in 1692, and
again in 1705, and died in 1735. ^ e ' wa5 muc h disliked by the Jacobite party.

2 Lieutenant-Colonel Stuart. He was deprived of his post and imprisoned
in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh for having failed in his duty in connection with
this attempt upon the Castle. — Rae's History of the Late Rebellion, p. 19S.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

But to return to my own privat concerns, it pleased God to

1716. [sic] make up the loss of my son Hary by the birth of another son,

whom I christned George, 1 after the patron of the cause which
I had espoused during the Rebellion. He was born 31 octob r
1715.

After the Rebellion was quashed I attended the affaires of
the Exchequer and my own Affaires at Cammo and Pennicuik
for the remainder of the year 1716.
ail the pianta- The plantations, as usual, at the above places were not

lions about i , j

Pennicuik, neglected.

the e Hous f e W at ^ n ^" e ^ ruar y? ^ day 1717, my family was by the providence
were made by of God augmented with a Daughter, whom I christned Jean, 2
after my Wife's Aunt, the Lady Grant. 3

1717. I spent my time this year as usually between the business of
the Exchequer, my studies, and my own privat affaires. |

foi. 113. Nothing remarkable hapned till Agust, then I had the curiosity
to see Perth, the seat of the last Trubles that affected my
Country. Here I catched a severe cold, but on my return I
got easily well at Pennicuik by 2 days sport in the moors.

I have many times had occasion to observe that nothing
contributes more to my health than exercise, especially a little
riding.

I got a Cough again in September following, but it went
over in a few days.

On the 24 of Octr. that same year I took a little feaver of
cold, which continued with me 3 or 4 days. The symptoms

1 He was educated at the universities of Edinburgh and Leyden, received
from his father the lands of Drumcrieff in Annandale, and married Dorothea,
heiress of his uncle, William Clerk-Maxwell (see folio 171 of this MS.), taking her
name. He was full of public spirit, a Commissioner of the Customs, King's
Remembrancer in the Exchequer, and a Trustee for improving Fisheries and
Manufactures in Scotland. At Dumfries he erected, a linen manufactory; and he
also set on foot various mining schemes for lead and copper, through some of
which he suffered great loss. He published several letters on the preparation
of wool and on shallow ploughing. On the death of his elder brother, James,
in 1782, he succeeded as fourth baronet ; and died 29th January 1784.

2 She married James Smollett of Bonhill. See folio 182.

3 Jean, third daughter of Sir Patrick Houstoun, first baronet of that Ilk, and
his wife Anne, daughter of John Bargany. She was married (ist) to Walter
Dundas of that Ilk ; (2d) to Richard Lockhart of Lee ; (3d) she became the
second wife of Colonel Ludovick Grant of that Ilk, who died 17 17. — Crawfurd's
Renfrewshire (Paisley, 1818).

VISIT TO THE LEADHILLS

of my desease were very bad for that time, viz., a pain in my
back, a pain in my head, a shivering, a louseness and frequent
pulse ; however, I made use of no medicines.

The year 1718 was transacted with a good many trubles and 171
severe afflictions in my Family, especially after the month of
I Agust. I went then with my Father to view the Lead works
belonging to the Earl of Hopton, 1 for we had then a design
of purchessing the lands of Glendorch 2 in the nighbourhood.
I went down several of the Lead sinks, and on coming up from
one of them the Rope sliped off the Winlase, and I fell down
amongst the stones at the bottom ; however, as this hapned
to me when I was but about 3 fathoms from the ground, I felt
no great hurt by it, save that my bones were soar for some
days after. |

We were but badly accomodated at the above place, so that>/.
I believe my Father catched cold on his journey, tho 1 he was
otherways a very strong healful man, for on his return to
Pennicuik a boile broke out between his shoulders, which in a
very few days turned to a Mortification. I got him the
assistence of the ablest chyrurgeons in Edinburgh, who I
believe, under God, saved his life ; however, by their severe
operations he was so dispirited that for above 6 weeks he
differed little from a child.

This made a very great impression on me, for as he was a
very kind indulgent parent, I suffered more during his illness
than I believe he did himself, his wound, by the necessarv
cuttings and dissections, was inlarged to 9 inches in length, 5
in breadth, and about 3 in deepth, from which the strength
I of his Body was quite exhausted, for the black and mortified
parts required daily to be cut away. He indured all this with
great patience, and was happy in one thing, that he never saw

1 Charles Hope, born 168 1 ; created first Earl of Hopetoun 1703 ; died
1742. The valuable mines of Leadhills, Lanarkshire, had been acquired by the
family through the marriage in 1638 of his grandfather, Sir John Hope of Hope-
toun, to Anne, only daughter and heiress of Robert Foulis of Leadhills.

- Glendorch, in the parish of Crawfordjohn, Lanarkshire, was then the pro-
perty of the Earl of Hopetoun. About the end of the eighteenth century ' an
astonishing and unprecedented width of 18 feet of pure galena' was discovered
in the Glendorch mines.— Irving's Upper Ward of Lanarkshire, vol. i. p. 63.
(Glasgow, 1864.)

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [17 19

the soar, and consequently was never under the Terrors of
Death, but still in hopes that he wou'd recover, and indeed
about the begining of October he was so well recovered as to
Since that time vide about again.

coveredThat 1S * I staid at Pennicuik with him, but not a little valetudinary,
nothing pre- f j attended him almost night and dav.

vents more... ° . .

mortification I believe the chvrurgeons I emploied did their best ; how-
Bark. the • fesmte ever, they cou'd not help the mortification to spread till nature

was in a manner exhausted. | 1
/oi. 115. On the 5 of Oct r I had the happiness, with the recovery of

my Father, to have a new augmentation to my Family, for my

Wife was safely brought to bed of two sones, whom I christned

by the names of Patrick and Hary. 2

This piece of news was remarkably acceptable to my Father,

for rav Wife being: under much sickness and uneasiness was

obliged to remain at Cammo all the time he hapned to be ill

at Pennicuik.

During this year I my self keept my health but very indif-
ferently, for in the spring I was ill of a cough, and about the
end of October it returned again upon me. I had likeways
some distellations of blood from my head, and never wanted a
great many scorbutick spots on my breast and back. These
prognosticated to me a bad state of health ; however, I believe
they did me service, for I seldom or never wanted them, especi-
ally about the Spring and Autumn seasons.

About the begining of the vear 1719 I had the agreable
account of my son John's great proficiency at Eton, and to
Duke of that decree that a noble Duke wrote to me that he did honour
to his country. This gratified my vanity very much, for
indeed I found that every body spoke of him as the chief
Schollar at Eton. He certainly was a prodigious Genius, but
nature had ripened him so much that I knew, or at least feared,

Montrose.

1 A most elaborate account of Sir John's illness is preserved, in a MS. of forty
closely written folio pages, among the Clerk papers. It was begun by the
Baronet, continued by his son, the Baron, after his father was too ill to write,
and finished at length by the convalescent patient. He was attended by two
physicians — Dr. Clerk and Sir Edward Isat, and six surgeons — Veitch, Hope,
Atkinson. Brown. Lauder, and Hepburn.

: See after, folios 189-91 and 222.

.1719]

HIS SOX JOHN

that he j cou'd not be long with me, which accordingly hapned/o/. n6.
about 4 rears after.

In 1719 I lived much in my former way, sometimes at Penni-
cuik, bussied about my nurseries and plantations, and some-
times at Cammo, for my Family always was keept there, except
when I attended the Court of Exchequer during the months of
novemb 1 , January, and februarv.

I keept my health pretty well, except when I was affected
with colds and coughs, which was generally twice or thrice
every year, but these went off with Exercise, for during the
sessions of the Exchequer in June and July I constantly rode
to Town in the mornings and returned at nights.

The scurvy spots which affected my breast and back ever
since the year 1710 turn'd to be universal over my whole
body for a month or six weeks, but went off without medicines,

for I never took any. I never dealt in

This vear mv Father turned very anxious to see my eldest sickness and
son John, wherefor I brought him home to prosecute his JjJJ 1 * oSdsent
studies at the College of Edin. I had no more to expect from them -
an English education but that he should learn the English
Language, for as to his other studies I was sure they couM be
better acquired at Edin. than at Oxford or Cambridge; besides,
I knew there was this bad consequence from an English Edu- 1 had many
cation, that Scotsmen bred in that way wou'd always have a knowTaView
stronger inclination for England than for their own Country. of our British

T -j j . , p j , , . j youth got any

1 had the joy to mid that my son was vastly improved in benefiteat
his studies, and, which was more, that he delighted in nothing Cambridge,
so much as in Books. He excelled particularly in the Greek,
and wrote several excellent Poems, both j in that lano-uao-e and>- ; - "7-
in Latine. I found likeways that tho" 1 his chief diversions
were his studies, yet he was not averse to any Gentlemany
Exercises, for he loved Hunting, riding, and fencing.

At the College of Edin. he studied Mathematicks with one
M r Campbell, 1 and had all the other Colleges which were
necessary for his improvement.

I keept my health very well all this year, and perhaps so

1 James Gregory, sccundiis^ brother and successor of the celebrated David
Gregory, was Professor of Mathematics in Edinburgh University at this time ;
having occupied the chair from 1692 to 1725.

100

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1719-

1720.

much the better that I was frequently trubled with red scor-
butick spots, which continued for a month or two, unless when
they hapned to be removed by Moffat AVater. 1

On this account, and for the benefite of Hunting and fishing,
I frequented the town of Moffat every year, from the midle
of Agust to the midle of septem r .

This year seemed to have a wonderful effect on the minds of
most of the inhabitants of Europe, particularly those of Eng-
These projects land, France, and Holand. Their Heads ran much on projects,
and^ve're I718, anc ^ the mam Tendency of these seenVd to be that of cheating,
carried on for overeaching, and abusing one another by vain and foolish
ending with the expectations of advantages in the way of Trade. This indeed
^uth^e^com- took the simple and ignorant, but the wiser sort saw

panyin England better unto them. However, both the wise and the ignorant

anno 1722 and . . . . .

1723. went madly into these projects, and many of them brought

ruine upon their families, while others exulted in their illgotten
wealth .

The first of these schems was set on foot in France by one
John Law,' 2 a Scots Gentleman, under the name of the Mesi-
foi. >i£. sippi Company. Mesisippi is a vast tract of lands in | America
belonging to the French, from whence, as was given out, many

1 The Moffat Spa was. according to the usual account, discovered in 1633
by Miss Rachel Whiteford, only daughter of Dr. Whiteford, Bishop of Brechin ;
but Matthew Mackaile. apothecary in Edinburgh, who published his Ferns
Moffdeiisis in 1659, states that it was discovered in 1658 by a 'valetudinary
Rustick.' An enlarged English edition of Mackaile's pamphlet, with the addi-
tion of an account of 'the Oyley-Well at St. Catherine's Chappel, in the Paroch
of Libberton,' and a character of Mr. Culpepper and his writings, was published
in 1664. Among the early notices of the mineral qualities of the well are those
by Sir Robert Sibbald in 1683, by George Milligan in 1733, and by Andrew
Plummer, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Edinburgh, in 1747. The water was
considered a remedy for 'skin complaints and affections of the lungs,' for which
the Baron seems to ha% T e made use of the Well. Among the Clerk papers is
a ms. in the Baron's autograph — ' Proposals for the Improvement of Moffat
Well, done at the desire of some of the inhabitants,' with an illustrative sketch,
a copy of which was sent to the minister of Moffat (the Rev. Robert Wallace)
in 1732.

2 Born in Edinburgh in 1671, the son of a goldsmith and banker, the pro-
prietor of Lauriston. In 1 7 16 he established a bank in Paris, and in 17 17
letters-patent were issued incorporating his Mississippi Company. After the
ruin of his scheme in 1720, he led a wandering life, and died in poverty at
Venice in 1729.

THE MISSISSIPPI COMPANY

101

°;reat branches of Trade wou'd furnish vast riches to the under-
takers, who were by subscriptions to be joined into one Society.
Many, not only in France but in other countries, joined in
these subscriptions, and became Adventurers.

The next step taken to give Reputation to this Company
was to send several colonies there to build ships and make a
vast appearance, as if in reality a prodigious Trade was to be
manado-ed from these Countries.

In the meantime those who were Adventurers made it their
chief Trade to sell their shares under the name of actions at
immense advantages, even to 3 or 4000 livers for one hundred
in the stock of the Company. The parliament of Paris saw
very soon into the iniquity and madness of these doings, since
it was obvious that the real profits of the Company cou'd never
exceed sex p r cent at most, even tho 1 they carried on a very
profitable Trade. M r Law, the projector, had great shares in N.B. The Par-
this stock, and was not backward in promoting his friends, for oppcKed^h^ 15
by the help of his Credite some of them were entituled to schem, and

r ... , made several

millions in this Company. He imagined it wou'd be for the representations
interest of France to promote this undertaking, which had no M^Law had U the
solid foundation except what arose from the publick Revenue address to [set]

•I 1 down tins ...

of France, because the credite of the stock was founded on the Body as com-
interest that was paid on account of the publick debts of narrmvminded
France, contracted in the time of the late War. For instance, ignorant Men

' _ 'in all [matters]

one to whom the publick owed 1000 livers or Crowns, at per- of money and

. i • Trafeck

haps Ten pr cent interest, subscribed this sum into the Mesi-

sippi Stock, and from thence not only drew the Interest from lariyacquamted

the Treasury of France but all the profits that coif d arise y:' itn Mr L f w -

. » rp, He was a Man

upon it when manadged by a Company in the way of Trade, j full of projects,

Vast sums of money were thereby brought into France in order foi. ng.

to purchess shares in the Company, and amongst the rest the and of a very

r 1 J fertile clear

Recent of France, who was then the Duke of Orleans, was ahead. He was
purchaser, and laid hold of this opportunity to raise the value 0^^011, and
of the species as he thought fit, by doing which he raised vast h fd gained

1 T •« • « 1 1 1 J. aDOVe 100,000

sums to the Crown of France, and relieved it of most the debts Crowns in this
that affected it, but by doing this he broke the Credit of the way -
Company, and so in about the space of two years it went to
ruine, and those of the Adventurers who continued longest in
the Company sustained all the burden of the loss. However,

102

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1722

this publick disaster to France did no ways terrifie the people
of England from entering into the very same project in the
main, under the Title and designation of the South Sea Com-
pany, which chiefly obtained in 1722. It was set on foot bv
the Ministry at that time, 1 from a vain conceit that as the
mine of the Mesisippi Company had been brought about by the
arbitrary power of the Regent and the precarious circumstances
of the publick funds in France, so the South Sea Company in
Britain woifd meet with the greater encouragement from the
faith and credite of the publick funds there, as secured by Acts
of Parliament, which no arbitrary Government cou"d ever affect.

The consequence of these dreams was that the stock of the
South Sea Company, established by an Act of Parliament at
5 per cent, interest, was greedily bought up at 120 lib. str. for
each 100, and afterwards by degrees it rose to 1000 lib., and
to 11 and 1200 Kb., according to the notions the Adventurers
foi. 12c. had of the mighty advantages that wou'd j arise to a British
Company from the Trade to the South Sea, the priviledges of
which Spain had consented to in the late Treaty of Utricht,' 2
and some other Treaties of commerce with that country.

But at last people's eyes were opened, and they discovered
that all this Trade cou'd produce really not above 5 or 6 pr.
cent., which, with the 5 pr. cent, interest paid by the Govern-
ment on the original stock, might give the stock so much real
value as that 200 lib. originally subscribed into the Company
might be worth 200 lib., and no more ; from this discovery.
Men who were esteemed worth 100,000 lib. in this Company
tumbled of a sudden down to 7 or 8000, but this was not the
worst of it, for as the 100,000 lib. was purchased when the
stock sold at 5 or 600, and all the purchess money borrowed

1 When the company came into operation in 171 1, Lord Oxford was its
governor, and St. John and Benson, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, were
among its directors.

2 'On the 26th of March 17 13, by a separate treaty of forty-two clauses,
France resigned the Assiento ' (the 'privilege or monopoly for supplying the
Spanish colonies in the western hemisphere with negro slaves ') 'and Spain con-
veyed it to Britain for thirty years, with, at the end of this period, possession for
three years for the purpose of winding up the affairs of the traffic. The obliga-
tion on the part of Great Britain was to supply 4S00 negroes annually.' Hill

Burton's Reign of Queen Anne, vol. iii. p. 223.

1722]

THE SOUTH SEA COMPANY

103

at an Interest of 5 pr. cent., the proprietor of the 100,000 Kb.,
instead of finding himself immensely rich, found he owed 40 or
50,000 Hb., without any real fund to pay it except the original
stock, which was perhaps not worth above 7 or 8000 Hb.

Many Bankrupcies hapned at last, and in a manner the
whole nation was bankrupt, only that by good fortune we were
Debtors to one another, so that what one man lost another
gained. Yet, in general, it may be said that there was an
immense national loss, for as the most pragmatick Heads in
the nation were chiefly the loosers, the nation was deprived of
these Heads and hands who contributed most to enrich it in
the way of Trade.

By the Example of the South Sea Company | many other f t
Companies and Societies were erected both in England and
Holand, but all of them came to ruine in the same way. 1

I must not here forget to mention that tho 1 I saw very early
into the folly of the South Sea schem, yet I was an Adventurer
for 200 Hb. ster. of the capital stock, and lost thereby about
400 Hb. ster. However, I reckoned it no small happiness to
my Family that I got so well off, for some of my particular
friends and Acquaintances in Scotland were quite ruined by it,
their all was at stake, and all indeed they had saved lay at the
mercy of those from whom thev had purchessed. Some of
them met with compassion from those, after a great many
solicitations, some had publick reliefs from the bounty of the
Crown, but none of them recovered intirelv their losses.

Those who had chief! v gained were those who were in the
Ministry, and who were let into the misteries of the same ; but

1 By an order of the Lord Justices, dated 12th July 1720, eighteen petitions
for letters-patent to found companies were dismissed, and eighty-six other com-
panies were declared illegal, and abolished accordingly. The objects of the
companies were in many cases of a most extraordinary character, — ' For a wheel
for perpetual motion, capital, one million ; ' ' For the transmutation of quick-
silver into a malleable fine metal,' etc., etc. : but the most marvellous of all was
' A company for carrying on an undertaking of great advantage, but nobody to
know what it is.' The prospectus merely stated that the capital was half a
million in 5000 shares of ^"ioo each, deposit £2 per share. Each subscriber on
depositing was to be entitled to ^"ioo per annum per share. Full particulars
were to be announced in a month, when the remaining £98 per share would be
called up. The projector opened his office in Cornhill ; and, before he shut and
decamped at three o'clock, had secured ^2000 in deposits !

104

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1720

had men been willing to be undeceived they might soon have
discovered that the whole schem was a meer buble and im-
position upon men who are often but too willing to flatter
their vain hopes and extravagant avarice. It was a meer
Game of Fortune, where such only couYl gain who had the
sense to come soonest out of this Company.

Many of my Acquaintance might have come off with con-
siderable sums if they had drawen in time, but in daily expec-
foi. 112. tation I that the valow of the stock wou'd still rise, they con-
tinued on till it rose to 11 or 1200, and then it tumbled down
all at once to its original and intrinsick valow, which arose
only from the Interest which the Government annually paid to
the Company, which was 5 pr. cent.

The occasion of this suddain downfall was when the great
Men concern"d in the secrets of Affaires had satisfied their
avarice, and knew they eouM conceal no longer from the pub-
lick that the Trade of the company was a meer jest, and that
nothing was to be expected from it, then they began to sell
out much under the current valow of the stock, that is, when
that stock was commonly sold on the Exchange Aley at 11 or
1200 for one. they sold out at 1000, or under. Upon this
piece of knowledge all the Rouguery was discovered, and in 2
or 3 days these stocks bore no price at all, for nobody wou'd
any more deal in them. Thus all of a suddain Rich Men, or
at least those who placed their confidence on their imaginary
riches, fell into contempt with all sorts of people, their Gilded
Coaches and fine furniture were sold off to pay a part of their
Some concerned debts, and they dwindled down to their primitive nothing

inthis Company r „, , 1 . °

had from ± here were in the mean time some of the Ministry and their

700^00 a'nV 0 Friencls who made vast sums, but as they were ashamed of
upwards, who their ill gotten wealth, the greatest pains imao-hiable were

were not worth ' , . . 0 1 0

a groat at first, taken to conceal it.

fhal7o?Wngat But to return to m J own P rivat affaires: During the year

last. This 1720 I lived as formerlv, and went through the same circle of

strange turn of . • 0

Fortune made studies and occupations.

destrof thS 1 kee P t m . v health vei 7 wel1 tm abou t the month of Sep-
seives, and tembr, when I fell into a fainting fit, a Deliquium Animae, that

man)' to nave . 1

M iI23 continued about a minute or two. | The occasion was my

refuge in eating something which it seems disagreed with my stomach,
bedlam.

1720]

VISIT TO FINLAYSTON

105

for I first fell asleap in a chair in my own Room, then grew
very ill, vomited, and fainted. My Wife and family were
terribly alarmed, but I recovered, and, blessed be God who pre-
served me, was as well in an houer after as ever I was in my life.

The same tiling once befell me before in the vear 1715. and
my recovery was as suddain. I discovered from this incident,
and many others of a different kind, that I had but a very
weak stomach, and that the least excess put me in great dis-
orders ; in the meantime, this excess was never very criminal
in me, for I never exceeded in drink, but often in plain meats,
and in quantities which others wou"d have thought only neces-
sary for supporting of nature, but amongst sober men what
only suffices nature in some, is excess with them.

The above accidents became sufficient warnings to me of
my own frailty and mortality. I wish only to die with the
same quietness and serenity of mind which I was in when I
had these two fainting fits, to die wou"d then be rather a
pleasure than a pain.

This same vear, about the end of October, I carried my son
John to visite his Aunt, the Countess of Glencairn. at Fin-
liston, in the shire of Renfrew.

We parted from Cammo on the 28, and lav that night at
Kilsyth. Next day we got to Finliston, crossing Clyde at the
village of Kilpatrick.

We were very affectionately entertained, but staid there only
4 days, j

We returned by the way of Houston, and lodged there with/ 0 - 7 - I2 4-
my Wife's unckle, Sir John Houston. Next day we came to
Glasgow, where I visited my old friends and acquaintances
when I was at the College there. The Earl of Glencairn accom-
panied us to this place. I returned home the 6 of Novembr,
and waited afterwards on the Court of Exchequer.

In the month of Decembr thereafter I lost a very good
friend, the Lady Ormistone, 1 my Wife's mother. I entertained,

1 Anne, second daughter of Sir Patrick Houstoun, first Baronet of that Ilk.
She was married (1st) to Sir John Inglis. first Baronet of Cramond ; (2nd) to Sir
William Hamilton of Whitelaw, a Senator of the College of Justice ; and (3d)
to Adam Cockburn of Ormistoun, Lord Justice-Clerk. — Crawfurd's Re7ifrcw-
shire (Paisley, 1S1S).

106

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

as was ray duty, a very great respect for her. She was very
much regretted by all her friends, as well as by her children
and my self. My Wife by her Mother's death sustained a
very great loss, for she had been a very affectionate Mother to
her, and had taken great care of her Education. My Mother-
in-law's name Avas Ann Houston, Daughter of S r Patrick
Houston and Jean Hamilton, 1 daughter of the Lord Bargeny.
*72i. After her Death at Edin., I returned with my Wife "to
Cammo, and in January 1721 I return'd to Edin. and waited
on the Exchequer. In my leisure Houres I applied much to

desfgna h nswe 0 r°ed the reading of the Classicks, for I was resolved to write a

the end. History of the Union in Latine.

My son John continued at the College of Edin., and the

plantations 6 rest of m . v children remained with their mother and me at

were only Cammo. In the Spring seasone, for the month of March, I

finished m 1754 1

there. went to Pennicuik, and carried on the plantations.!

foi. 125. Being very intent on these things I got cold, and felt a
feavourish disposition with a soar throat, but these symptoms
soon went over, and a Cough succeeded, which continued with
me near three months after, tho 1 in a very moderat way.

In Aprile, about the end thereof, my son John fell ill of a
Cough, and was very Hectique. His danger had not been
discovered to me, for he was then at Edin. and I in the
Country ; however, he grew better, and both upon his account
and my own we went to drink the Goat whey near the Loch
of Monteeth. My Wife, and three other friends, with two of
my Daughters, were with us. The place is the most agreeable
in the world, and we were lodged in the Minister's House. 2 I
staid there during the month of May, and returned to the
Exchequer in June. All of us were a great deal better by
this journey, and my son grew perfectly well.

In the vacation of the Excheqr., between 22 June and 7
July, I waited on my Father to Crauford moor to the pouting.
We lodged at Elvand foot, 3 where we staid only two days, for

1 Douglas, in his Baroyiage and Peerage, calls her Anne, daughter of Lord
Bargeny.

" The minister of the Port of Monteith at the time was the Rev. Arthur
Forbes, called and ordained 1696, died 1724.
3 Elvanfoot, in Lanarkshire.

VISIT TO GLASSERTOX

107

my Father grew very ill of the Gout, and was forced to return
home in a weak condition.

On the 1 of Agust, being much importuned by the Earl of
Galloway to visite him, and to bring my son, his nephew, with
me, I accordingly set out, and lay at Daufington that night.
As the master of the House was my Cousin German, 1 I carried Mr. Broun,
him with me. We lodged next night at a publick House near
Drumlanrig, and next day, by way of Penpunt 2 and the Auld
Claughan, we came to Sorbie, the House of my Brother in/f/. 126.
Law, Colonel John Stuart, to whom Ave were very acceptable.
From there we Avent next day to Glasertoun, the seat of the
Earl of Galloway. We were all very well and most affec-
tionatly used. I intended to have staid there only two or
three davs, but as I was threatned with a kind of Aguish dis-
temper, I shortned my visite. and returned homewards by
Clerv, the seat of the Lord Garlies, 3 eldest son of my Friend
the Earl. We staid here one night, and returned home by
the way we came.

The Autumn and Winter were spent by me in the usual
manner, and, saving some of my ordinary scurvy spots, I kept
mv Health very well.

Now follows the year 1722, a year full of sorrow and truble
to me, as will appear from what follows.

My son John having got Cold at the burial of his cousin the
Lord Carnegv, 4 son of the Earl of Southesk and Lady Mar-

1 Mary Clerk, eldest daughter (not third, as stated by Douglas in his Baronage),
became the wife of Andrew Brown of Dolphington. She was born 13th April
164S. and died 9th March 1690; see MS. Family Register, from which it
appears that Margaret, referred to above (folio 3S, note 3), on the authority of
Douglas, as the eldest daughter, was actually the second, having been born 1st
December 1650.

- Penpont, in Dumfriesshire.

s Alexander, Master of Garlies, succeeded his father, as sixth Earl of Gallo-
way, in 1746, married Lady Anne Keith, daughter of William, ninth Earl
Marischal, and died 1773.

4 Only son of James, the (attainted) fifth Earl of Southesk. Douglas in his
Peerage does not state his name, but simply mentions that he and his sister
•both died young. : His mother was eldest daughter of James, fifth Earl of
Galloway, whose aunt. Lady Margaret (eldest daughter of Alexander, third
Earl of Galloway), was Clerk's first wife. Allan Ramsay wrote an Elegy on his
death ; see his Poems, vol. i. p. 1S0 (London, 1800).

108

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1722

garet Stuart, he relapsed into his last year's Hectique dis-
temper, and from the middle of March continued worse and
worse. I used all the Advice and Remedies that coifd be
thought on, but to no purpose.

In the mean time my Honest Father fell ill at Edin., on
the 7 of the same month, but, recovering a little, got home to
Pennicuik, and languished for several days after. I came
accidentally there to visite him, for no body suspected him to
be in any danger, nor had he any bad opinion of his own case,
save that he was growing daily weeker, and complaint a little
foi. 127. of a lousness ; however, he was present at the Marriage j of
my sister Mary with Mr. Moncrief of Culfargy, 1 tho' by no
means he approved of it. This gentleman had an Estate of
about 5000 merks yearly, and was Minister at Abernethv.
My Father, as he paid a great respect to ministers, did not
oppose the marriage, nor did I medle in it, since my sister,
whom I exceedingly loved, gave way to it.

My father never keept his bed, but was at dinner with us
and the young married folks that day he died. He was at
family worship with us in the evening, and about nine went to
bed. We thought him tollerably well, and no body in the
least suspected that he was near his end, for he spent some
time reading in bed, as was his usual manner, and in this
position fell into a fainting fit, and died without the least
groan.

My Mother in Law and sisters, seeing: his candle burning,
and suspecting nothing of what had befallen him, continued
going in and out of the Room, but when my Mother thought
of going to bed to him, and receiving no answere from him to
something she said, she had the great and surprising affliction
to find him not only dead, but that he had been so for some
We found that time before, he being cold and stiff. All the family were
^ding b on en a much alarmed - We tried to bleed him, but found all in vain,
^okof^sermons he was gone without any possibility of Assistence, and left us
one Mr. John all in the outmost Grief and affliction for him.

Williamsone, 2

minister at

Enneresk. See folio 6, note I ; also Additional Note L, — Culfargie.

2 Son of the celebrated David Williamson, minister of Sr. Cuthbert's, Edin-
burgh. He was called to Inveresk in 1702 ; took part in the famous ' Marrow
Controversy,' and was author of various pamphlets and sermons; and died 1740.

1722] DEATH OF HIS FATHER 109

Thus it pleased God to remove my Worthy Religious Father
on the 10 th of March 1722, being 72 years of Age, 10 months,
and 3 days. He was a very kind, provident, and indulgent
parent to me, particularly, very exact and | diligent in all his/^-
affaires. His charity was no less remarkable, so that he died
much beloved and honoured by all good men. His piety,
knowledge, and assiduity appear from a great multitude of
his journals, writings, papers, and Memorials, many of which
are in the charter Room at Pennicuik, and many of them in
a Cedar chist in the Library, which chist he, it seems, once
designed for his coffin. All these papers were chiefly written
for his own diversion, and without the least view either to
publish them in print, or to spreed them amongst his friends,
wherefor they lie there as they were intended, onlv for the use
of his children and nearest relations.

After his death, I caused seal up his closets and cabinets,
and delivered the kies of them to Mr. William Mac^eorsre, 1
Minister at Pennicuik. for tho* he himself had informed me
that he had setled all his Estate upon me, and left me his
Executor as well as his Heir, yet because I had many Brothers
and Sistei's who had very just pretensions to enquire how our
Father had setled his Affaires, therefor I was desirous that
every thing should be lookt into, at such a time as other friends
cou"d be present and Witnesses to all the papers left behind
him in their or my Favours.

I knew that my Father had left directions for his burial, but
because these were in one of his closets which were under seal,
I cou'd not have the opportunity- to read them, but proceeded
to follow such directions as I thought were probably agreeable
to the orders he had left. I Avrote therefor burial letters to a
few select friends and nighbours. j who, with a Herse and six foi.
Coaches, deposited his Corpse in the Burrial place at Penni-
cuik.

After I had performed this last duty to my Father, I returned
to Pennicuik House, and in presence of my Cousin, Mr. John

1 The Rev. William M'George, A.M., son of William M'George, minister of
Heriot, studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he received a bursary on
Johnston's foundation in 16S3. He was ordained minister of Penicuik 1695, and
died 1745, in his seventy-seventh year.

110

SIR JOHx\ T CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1722

Forbes, 1 one of the Deputy Shi riffs of this shire of Edinburgh,
I opened the above mentioned closets and cabinets that had
been sealed up.

Several of ray Brothers and other Friends were present, and
we found that by my Father's Testament I was nominated his
Executor and universal Legatee, with such provisions for my
Brothers and Sisters as were contained in separat and distinct
Bonds to each of them.

Amongst other papers we found my Father's directions for
his burrial, which were singular in two particulars. The first
was that his body should be put in the Cedar chist, which he
had provided for his coffin above 25 years before. The other
was that no mournings should be used by liis children, both
which particulars were not followed, and I believe tho' they
had been known in due time, neither his Lady nor his children
had consented to them. He left them, I believe, rather as
Tockens of his Humility and self denial than that they should
be obeyed.

By the loss of my Father I found my cares vastly incressed,
for instead of one great Family of my own I had now two, but
still I must with thankfulness remember the provident cave
which Almighty God and my kind Father had taken of them
foi. 130. both, for there was j enough for us all, and a great deal more
than any of us deserved. In the mean time I cannot but
bless the same almighty power that as He has bestowed a com-
petent stock of worldly means upon me, so he has given me a
Heart to part with some of it to those who deserve better
than my self.

In the course of my management I thought it particularly
my duty to use my Mother in Law well, not only because she
had always behaved her self towards me with the greatest
affection and civility, but because she had been a very dutiful
and verteous Wife to my Father. I made her therefor wel-

1 Tohn Forbes, son of Sir David Forbes of Newhall, admitted an advocate
20th June 1 71 3. He was a great friend of Allan Ramsay, the poet, who, in
1 721, addressed him in an ode (see The Gentle Shepherd . . . Landscape Illus-
trations, Edinburgh 18 14, vol. i. p. 55), and in 1728 wrote an Elegy on the
death of his wife. His cousin, Duncan Forbes of Culloden, when he became
Lord Advocate in 1725, appointed Forbes one of his Advocate Deputes. His
mother was Catherine, youngest daughter of John Clerk, first owner of Penicuik.

i/22] SETTLEMENT OF HIS FATHER'S AFFAIRS 111

come to live in the House of Pennicuik for several months
after my Father's decease, and as a farther evidence of my
regard to her. I submitted a difference between her and me to
her nearest Relatione, one Mr. Roger, 1 a minister, to be deter-
mined as he thought fit. tho 1 I thought I had a great deal of
the right on my side, Question being about certain things that
were actually amongst the paraphernalia of my Mother. The
above Gentleman determined the matter in a way agreeable to
us both, so that till her death, which was many years after, we
lived in the greatest Friendship.

I did likeways all I coud to make her children easv. I paid
my sister Mary's portion of 10,000 merks Scots before she left
Pennicuik House, agreable to a clause in her Contract of
Marriage with Mr. Moncrief to that effect, and tho 1 my
Brother James had spent his portion of 15,000 merks, which
his Father left him by a bond of provision, vet I paid it to
him I again, tho" his discharges to his Father for it were actu- ;
ally in my Custody.

After I had reviewed my Father's Affaires at Pennicuik, I
returned to Cammo, where I had left my wife and family, and
there lived for the space of 14 Months.

In the mean time my dear son John grew dailv worse, tho"
I carried him again to the Goat Whey at the Port of Mon-
teeth. His disease went on in spight of all his physitians,
who prescribed everything proper in his case. He continued
to languish all the months of June and July, tho" he was able
to ride about, and frequently 15 or 20 miles, without any
uneasiness. Towards the beginning of Agust he turned ver'v
weak, and I began entirely to dispaire of his Recoverv.

On the 9 of that month I went over to Pennicuik to visite
my Mother in Law, and on the 10 th my son came to us in a
chariote, and returned to Cammo next day, for he found not
that relief in the Aire of Pennicuik which he expected. As
he was very fond of books, he had the satisfaction to be carried
up to the Library, where he had many books of his own. but
tarried there a very short time, being extreamly Asthmatick

3 Probably the Rev. Andrew Rogers, minister of Galston, in the Presbytery
of Ayr, from 1692 till his death in 1735.

112

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1722

and uneasv. When he return'd to Caramo he fell very ill in
the night-time, and wanted much to see me. An express was
sent to Pennicuik, and I went over immediately to Cammo,
but before I came it pleased God to remove him, to my
unspeakable Grief, being then 21 years of Age, 8 months, and
a few days. 1

foi. 132. I had a great many reasons at that j time to be vastly
afflicted for him, since he was not only a very singular lad for
all manner of good qualities, but was the only child of his
mother, he was tall, handsome, good natured, and well dis-
posed. He had a great sense of Religion, and was an excellent
schollar. He was likeways a fine mathematician, and had a
very fine taste in every thing to which he applied himself. He
was very sober and temperat, and what endeared him most to
my Wife and me, he was an exceeding kind and dutiful son. I
burried him at Pennicuik by his Grandfather, who doated
much upon him, and was so far happy as to die before him.
His Books were, according to his desire, carried to Pennicuik,
and placed by themselves, where there are likeways some of his
Writings, which gave evidence of a very extraordinary Genius
in so young a lad.

After this second affliction I returned back to my Family at
Cammo.

Here I had time to reflect on the goodness of God, that tho 1
he had lately deprived me of my Eldest sone, yet I had reasone
still to be very thankfull for the Children he had left me, for I
had no fewer than 5 sones and 4 Daughters. However, at that
time I was tempted to think that the son I had lost was worth
them all, since they were so young, that, considering my own

1 Allan Ramsay's memorial verses, addressed to Sir John Clerk on the death
of his son, were printed at the time on a folio leaflet, a copy of which is placed
in the present MS. volume. The poet refers to the previous death of Lord
Carnegy, mentioned above (folio 126) : —

' Bravely resign'd, obeying Fate's command,
He fixed his Eyes on the immortal Land,
Where crowding Seraphs reach'd him out the Hand.

Southeska's smiling Cherub first appear'd,
With Garlies' consort, who vast pleasure shared,
Conducting him where Virtue finds Reward.'

The verses are reprinted in Ramsay's Poems (see vol. i. p. 186).

1722]

DEATH OF HIS ELDEST SON

113

weak constitution, I cou'd not promise my self so long a Life
as to see them good for any thing.

About the end of this summer I went over to Culfargv, near
the Bridge of Earn, to visite my sister Mary and my new
Brother in Law. She seemed to be very content and easy in
her circumstances, for Culfargy was a very sober good man, The number of
except he should carry his very Religious whims so far as to ^ e children my

i . " -r. t i i ■ . Father left by

be very uneasy to every Bodv about him, as indeed hapned my Mother in
not long after. 1 1 ^ aw we £ e . ,

° 1 James, Robert,

In October I carried my wife and some of my children to M- 133.
Pennicuik House, where we staid for a Month, and afterwards Hu Pl\ David -

, p j. 5 and Alexander.

came to Lain, to attend the Court of Exchequer. About

being 5 sones

Martinmass thereafter, my Mother in Law left the House of S^fcS? 5 '
Pennicuik, and removed her Family to Edin. for the Educa- ™e Christina,

/» i nn t ' anc * Margaret.

tion ol her children. Iho she had lived at Pennicuik since Besides myself
my Father's death to that time, yet I had maintained her WnUam^hza'
Family and paid up her iovnture to that Term e without de- beth Barbara,

, . * 1 1 T ' Sophia, in all

ducting anything. I likeways paid to all my Brothers and 13 children.'-;
sisters the annual rent of their portions left by my Father,
with the expenses of their mournings.

This Winter, while I staid at Edin., I came to a Resolution
to sell Cammo, since I found it inconvenient to live at it when
the Bulk of any Estate I had lay on the South side of
pentland hills, to wit the two Baronies of Pennicuik and Las-
wade, with the lands of Utershill, 3 all which had been in the
possession of my Father. I was likeways the more induced to
do this that my father wisht and expected that I should for
the most part take up my residence at Pennicuik, where I had
already made a good many plantations and other improvements.

I was likeways resolved to build a small house at Mavisbank,
under the Town of Lonhead, which my Father inclined fre-
quently to have done, because his Coal works there, with a

1 See Additional Note L.

- The number here has been altered, but fourteen children are enumerated.
Douglas in his Baronage makes fourteen children in all, including Henry, who
was born 6th June 1678, and died 19th April 1715 (see folio 101), but omitting
David, who was born 25th January 1 708, and died of fever at the age of seventeen.

3 The ruins of Uttershill Castle are on the right bank of the Esk, a mile and
a quarter east of Penicuik House.

114

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

multitude of Feuers and Tenants, required his frequent attend-
ance. He had carried the matter so far as to make several
designs for this House with his own hands, but at last thought
himself too old to begin to build Houses, j
joi. i 34 . I n the mean time, when I was thinking of these projects, I
1723. received a new cheque to them, for my youngest son William,
a very hopeful Boy of a year old, sickned in novembr 1722,
and died 3 January 1723. His desease was a suddain truble
in his Head, to which we cou'd find no name, and a little after
my youngest Daughter Mary, who was born 28 Agust 1720,
died on the 2 of March. Both these children I hurried at
Pennicuik. These had been very heavy afflictions to me, if the
loss of mv eldest son had not in a great measure defaced all
the sense of losses I cou'd sustain. Thus, in less than a year,
I lost mv Father and three children, and saw at the same time
a new misfortune approaching, for my only Brother William
seemed to be in as dangerous a condition as a Hectique dis-
position coif d bring him to.

I was likeways threatned with the greatest loss of all, for
mv wife sickned at Edin., and was reduced to a meer shadow ;
however, it pleased God to recover her again in the months of
March and Aprile, when we least expected this happiness.

I carried mv Family to Pennicuik in Aprile, where my wife
was perfectly restored to her health, but my Brother William, 1
who came with us, grew daily worse, and died, aged 40 years.
He was an Advocat, and was married to Agnes Maxwell,
daughter and Heiress to John Maxwell of Midlebee, in Anan-
dale. He left behind him only a daughter, Dorothea Clerk,
who fell under the Tutory of her Mother, a very verteous
woman, and me, of whom hereafter. -

In May 1723 I not only finished my design for the House of

1 William Clerk, third son of the fir?: baronet of Tcnicuik, was born, accord-
ing to the Family Register, on the 12th July 16S1. He was admitted an
advocate 2o:h Tanuary 1705. His poetical correspondence with Dr. Alexander
Pennecuik will be found in The Gentle Shepherd. . . . Illustrations o f the Seenery
{2d ed., Edin. 1814), vol. ii. pp. 640-42. 'From his liking to visit, and shift
about, frorr. house to house, among his companions, he got the name of
Wandering Willie.' — Id. Note, p. 640.

- See folios 151 and 171.

J723]

BUILDS MAYISBANK HOUSE

115

Mavisbank, 1 under the correction of one ZNlr. Adams, 2 a skilful j
Architect, but laid the foundation of the House about 800./W- 137 !«<■]•
yards west from a little Farm House, which I believe for some
generations past went under the same name. All the fine
stone in the front and Cornice was brought from a Quary at
the Linn of Roslin, and the coarser sort of large stones were
brought from the Birrit [r] foord., near Pennicuik Town. What
encouraged me to this expensive carriage was that some of the
Tenants in Laswade were oueing me 2 or 3 years rent, and were
under no condition to pay me any other way than by their
Horses and carts.

In the building of this House my Architect contended about
making it a story higher, in which if I had complied, the
fabrick wou'd have lookt like a Touer, and been quite spoiled,
but however the Architecture may please or displease, it is
oueing chiefly to my self.

This year I began likewavs another expensive and laborious 1723.
work, which, however, I am persuaded will be of great benefite
to my self and Family. For as the Coal works in Lonhead
were now carried on in the Farm of Edgefield, 3 near L d RossV
Baronie of Melvile, I forsaw that in less than 10 vears they
woifd be at an end, unless I carried up a new level 500 fathoms
at least east from the Level mouth in Buldsdean Burn, 5 under
the Farm of Brughlee. Therefor having taken proper measures
of the descent, and considered what coal was to gain by
bringing up a Level about 150 fathoms from the new House
of Mavisbank, on the Brae east of what I designed for a./° L
Garden, I began the work this summer. My purpose was to
cut the coal seams neer the Town of Lonhead, tho" I knew that

1 Mavisbank House. Sec Illustration No. ix. and Additional Note M.

2 William Adam of Maryburgh, architect and 'King's Mason in Edinburgh,'
designed Hopetoun House and the old Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh. He died
1748. Robert Adam, the celebrated architect, was one of his sons. John Clerk
of Eldin, author of the Essay on Naval Tactics, seventh son of Baron Sir Tohn
Clerk, married Susan, William Adam's seventh daughter : and their son was
Lord Eldin, the judge.

3 Edgefield, half a mile north of Loanhead.

4 William, twelfth Lord Ross, born 1656, succeeded his father, 16S2. He was
a commissioner for the Union and one cfthe lords of the Treasury. Died 1738.

5 Bilston Burn, which joins the Esk about half a mile south of Loanhead, at
Burghlee Farm.

116

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1724

the distance was neer 300 fathoms. I forsaw likeways the
expence, that being a work of 8 or 10 years labour it wou'd
cost me not much down of 1000 Kb. str., but at the same time
I knew that, after meeting with the coal, I wou'd make one
This calcula- rear with another by it at least 300 lib. str. for 30 or 40 years
tion proved just. after ^ out t i, e end of Oct r I stopt my masons upon their
having finished the first story of the House of Mavisbank,
with a design to begin again in March or Aprile thereafter.
I keept mv Health very well this Winter, except that now and
then I was trubled with a Cough.
1724- In Mav 1721 1 sent to the Highlands and purchessed a score
'tis now found of Goats, which I keept at Brunstane and Achencorth. 1 They
or a wh^ e isvery served the end I intended to very good purpose, for by using
little inferior to their Milck or Whey my wife was entirely recovered from her

that of Goats. . T i , n ^

indispositions. This summer I concluded the sale 01 Cammo
with one Mr. Hog for 4200 Kb. ster., or thereby, and by this
bargain recovered more than I had laid out upon it while I
possessed it, for it cost me but about 2800 fib. ster. I had
lived very agreably there for the space of 13 years.

All this summer I continued to carry on the House of
Mavisbank and brought it up to the Roof.

In October, as usual, I got a great cold, and by a Rheum
and truble in my head all my Teeth loosed and seemed ready
foi. i 39 . to drop out, but by keeping warm for a few days and a little
Exercise I grew as well in november, tho 1 in the Aire of Edin.,
as ever I was in my Life. This was the first time I found that
by the louseness of my Teeth old age was begining with me,
and that the pins of my Earthly Tabernacle were dissolving,
but the weakness of my constitution prepared me for these
things, for I may say with Caesar that emori nolo scd me mor-
tuum esse nihil euro.

On the 10 of March this year my Family was incressed by
another Daughter, who was christned Joanna, after my
deceased son. About the end of Aprile I took a journey into
the north of England in order to observe the Coal works at
Newcastle and all along the River Tyne. I had likeways a

1 Brunston, a farm about a mile south-west of Penicuik House, containing
the ruins of the castle of the Crichtons of Brunston. Auchencorth lies half a
mile south of Brunston, to the north-west of Auchencorth Moss.

1724]

SALE OF CAMMO

117

very great desire to see the famous Roman Wall in England,
which was at first carried on by way of a vallum and earthen
Bank by the Emperor Hadrianus, and afterwards fortified by
a stone wall under the Emperor Severus.

I carried in my company a great lover of Antiquities, one
Mr. Alex. Gordon, 1 who had been bred up for many years in
Italy, my cousin, Mr. Brown of Daufington, and my son
James, being then about 15 years of Age.

We lay at Kelso the first night, and at Morpeth the night
after. From thence we rode to Newcastle, where I staid for
three days, of which one was spent going down the River Tyn
to Tinmouth Shiels. I was attended by one of the Aldermen
of the Town, to whom I had been recommended, j Upon a/*/. 140.
Sunday which interveened I went with my company to Dur-

1 Alexander Gordon, antiquary, was born at Aberdeen about 1692, and took
his degree of M.A. in the university of that city. He studied music in Italy, and
on his return taught languages and music, and painted portraits in oil. He
devoted himself to investigating the Roman remains in Scotland and the North
of England, and in 1726 published his Jtinerarium Septentrional: : or a Journey
thro' most of the Counties of Scotland and those in the North of England, a work
of much research. It will be remembered that this is the volume which Scott
introduces in the opening of The Antiquary zs> in the possession of Oldbuck. At
the same time Gordon announced A Com pleat View of the Roman Walls in Britain,
but this never appeared. He was afterwards a partner with John Wilcox, a
bookseller in the Strand. He published The Lives af Pope Alexander VI, and
his Son Ccesar Borgia, London, 1729; Lupone, or the Inquisitor: a Comedy,
London, 1731, and a translation" of Maffei's De Amphitheatre, London, 1730.
In 1736 he became secretary of the Society for the Encouragement of Learning,
and succeeded Stuckeley as secretary to the Society of Antiquaries ; and he was
also appointed secretary to the Egyptian Society, and published An Essay
towards explaining the Hieroglyphical Figures on the Coffin of the Ancient
Mummy belonging to Capt. William Lethieallier, London, 1737. In 1741 he
sailed for South Carolina as secretary to James Glen, F.S.A., the governor, and
he died at Charleston in 1755. Clerk was a warm friend and patron of Gordon,
who was a frequent visitor at Penicuik ; and the Baron maintained a correspon-
dence with him after he had settled in America. Sir John was the most liberal
of the subscribers to the Itinerarium, for his name appears for no fewer than 'five
Books' or copies. In the preface, Gordon refers to his friend in very laudatory
terms:—' Neither can I, in Gratitude, omit, in a particular manner, to acknow-
ledge my many and repeated obligations to Sir John Clerk, Baron of the
Exchequer in Scotland, who is not only a Treasure of Learning and good Taste,
but now one of its chief Supports in that country.' Gordon's account of the
route traversed by the Baron and himself will be found in pp. 71 -82 of the
Itinerariufn.

118

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1724

ham, 1 where we heard divine service performed with all theMusick
and solemnities of the church of England. We were most
civilly entertained here by the Clergy. Next day I viewed all
the coal works near Newcastle, and considered all the methods
and Machinery used there for working or raising the Coal.

We proceeded then to view the Roman Wall or pra?tentura,
which began to appear near a villa called Benwell, 2 where
we were kindly entertained by the Master of the House, one
Mr. Shaftoe; s from thence by the said Roman Wall and several
Roman Camps and buildings we came to Hexham, where we
lodged all night.

Next day we struck again into the course of the Wall, and
proceeded to House Steeds, where I found near 40 Sculptures
and other considerable Remains of a Roman station there, which
was called Praecolitium. 4 We came from thence to Thirlewall
Castle, 5 one of the Remains of that great Roman work. We

1 Clerk seems to have formed some friendships in Durham, for in the Library
of the Royal College of Physicians, Edinburgh, is a volume, DitrJiam Cathedral as
it was before the Dissolution of the Monasteries . . . Durham, 1733, which bears
an autograph inscription, ' To the Hon bl ° Sir John Clerk, Baron of His Maj ties
Exchequer in Scotland, this grateful Acknowledgm' is offered in Return for
many singular Favours by his obed' Servt., Chris. Hunter. Durham, Aug.
6th, 1733.'

- Near the village of Benwell is Condercum, the third stationary camp on
the Roman Wall : further west is Vindobala ; and then, near Halton Castle,
Hunnum, the fifth station, is reached.

3 Robert Shaftoe of Benwell Tower, succeeded his father, Robert Shaftoe,
Alderman of Newcastle, in 1714 ; was High Sheriff of Northumberland in 1718 ;
and died 1735. Gordon describes a Roman altar in his possession. — Itinerarium,
p. 49.

4 Procolitia is the seventh stationary camp on the line. Further west, at
Housesteads, is the famous camp of Borcovicus, pronounced by Gordon to be
'unquestionably the most remarkable and magnificent station in the whole
island.' Mar.}- of the altars and figures formerly here are now in the Museum of
the Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 'When I had the honour to
traverse this ground, for the first time, with Sir John Clerk, Baron of the
Exchequer, we caused the place to be dug where we were then sitting, amidst
the ruinous streets of this famous Oppidum, and found another small statue of a
Soldier, accoutered in the Roman Habit . . . : — Gordon's 7ti?ierai-iir»i, p. 77.
This figure, with three altars and a bas-relief from Housesteads, and other
classical remains, were presented to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland by
the Right. Ho:;. Sir George Clerk, in 1857. See their Proceedings, vol. iii. p. 37.

5 Thirlwail Castle, on the Tipalt, near the camps of Magna and Ambog-
lanna, is a mediaeval fortress, now in ruins, containing stones taken from the
Roman Wall.

1724] EXPEDITION TO THE ROMAN WALL 119

lay again at a Villa of the Earl of Carlyle, 1 called Norham
Castle, from thence, still keeping along the Wall, we came to
Corby Castle, where the proprietor, one Mr. Howard, 2 made us
stay to dine with him. In the afternoon we visited Seelby
Castle where there are a good many Roman Antiquities. The
owner Mr. Gilpin 3 was very civil to us, and as he was Recorder
of Carlyle he wou'd needs wait on us to that Town. Here we
staid all night, and next day, tho' I inclined to have been incog-
nito, the Recorder brought the Lord \ Maier and Aldermen to>'- h**
wait on me. They were very civil in their compliments as what
they thought was their duty to one of his Majesty's judges.
However, as I was not there in the Equipage of a judge I cou'd
easily have dispensed with the Honour they did me. Mr. MB.— This

' , , , . -.J. gentleman,

Gilpin carried me every where, and as he was himself an ex- dying a few
cellent Schollar and Antiquarian, I had all the pleasure mehissSvrith
imaginable in his Companv. a silver head,

0 . . rrt ' wherein is an

I have written a particular journal of this little Trip to inscription thai
England and therefor shall say no more of it here. piece^?oake° &

From Carlyle I returned by the way of Moffet to Pennicuik, ^ f ^^. n
exceedingly well satisfied with what I had seen. dationofthe

This summer I put on the Roof of Mavisbank, and built the tioned wall" 1
Garden Walls there.

In the winter I went with my Family to Edin. and attended stone wall as it

. . * * passed through

the business of the Exchequer. a moss near

In the Spring of the year 1725 I went to Pennicuik, and ^g^f'

carried on my Plantations and other improvements there. wasbuihon
I continued likeways as formerly to give a constant applica- &

1 Charles Howard, third Earl of Carlisle. Born 1674 5 First Lord of thc
Treasury, 170 1 and 1715 ; died 173S.

2 William Howard, third son of Sir Francis Howard, Knight, of Corby
Castle, succeeded his brother in 1702, and died in 1739. Gordon describes and
figures an altar in his collection. — Itinerarutm, p. 96.

s William Gilpin, of Sealesby Castle, was born 1657, the eldest son of
Richard Gilpin, M.D., the celebrated Nonconformist divine and physician. He
became recorder of Carlisle, 1718, and was noted for his antiquarian and artistic
tastes. He died, 'not a few years after ' 1724, but in the end of that year, and
was buried on the 14th of December. See Diet, of Nat. Biography, vol. xxi.
p. 382. Various altars, urns, an intaglio, etc., in the collection of Mr. Gilpin,
are described and figured in Gordon's Jtinerarium, see p. 95. ' This Gentle-
man's death was a fatal stroke to learning in that country, he being an indefatig-
able Collector of Antiquities ; nor did I converse with any Person there who
understood them better.' See also p. Si.

120

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1726

placed across tion to my studies at all times of the clav, bavins; seldom given

the foundation, ,„ . 0

which were myseii much truble with any company that came to see me.

Etoth^iSd™' 1 never coud drink ' so tllat 110 hod 'y found themselves clis -

leyn there about appointed.

On the 17 octobr. the same year my Family was incressed
/oi. 142. by another Daughter : called Barbara, after a sister of mine,
the Lady Cairnmoor. 2

Towards the end of this month I fell suddainly ill on a
Sabath day, fainted and was extreamly sick, was very feaverish
for 3 days, and at last my desease appeared to be the Rose or
St. Anthony's fire on my left Leg. I was very uneasy after-
wards for several days, and keept my Bed near 3 weeks before
I was able to walk again. My Weakness even continued for 6
weeks after, but it pleased God at last to recover me perfectly,
and I reckon it no small happiness that I am now and then
treysted with slight afflictions. My prosperity should other-
ways make me forget the Almighty power to whom I owe all
my enjoyments.

In January 1726 I returned with my Family to Edin. and
attended the Court of Exchequer.

In Aprile a coal was discovered at the Damhead of Pennicuik,
about 4 feet thick. I wrought it a while until it run under the
Water at the upper call of the Damhead. I mention this cir-
cumstance cheefly on account of the following observation that
tho 1 my Father and Grandfather had spent a good deal of
money on discovering a coal at the Mill of Pennicuik near the
great Bridge, yet to me it was discovered by so insignificant
an Animal as a Mole, which, upon the croft [?] of it, threw up
some of the Coal, and shewed that often great things are un-
expectedly brought about by very mean instruments. How-
ever, this coal did not produce much, for riming under the

1 ' In cutting the canal from Carlisle to the Solway Firth, in 1S23, a prostrate
forest of oaks was discovered. The engineer of the canal says, "... Although
the precise period when this forest fell is not ascertainable, there is positive proof
that it must have been long prior to the building of the Wall, because the founda-
tions of the Wall passed obliquely over it, and lay three or four feet above the
level of the trees." ' — Bruce 's Roman Wall, pp. 310-31 1.

- Barbara Clerk, second daughter of the first Baronet of Penicuik, was born
2d December 1679. She married (1st) John Lawson of Cairnmuir, and (2d) Dr.
William Arthur; and died aged fifty-five.

1 726] WRITES ; THE COUNTRY SEAT; A TOEM 121

Croft land of Pennicuik it was in (danger ?) of doing more f oL I43<
mischief than it did good. It is still to be found on the south
side of the Damhead, at the foot of the Brae, on the north side
of Easter Ravensnook, 1 from whence no doubt it takes its course
westward to the Moor of Pennicuik, where I believe all the
coal-seams of the shire of Lothian terminat.

This year I attempted a poem in Milton's way under the
Title of the Country Seat, 2 but tired upon the revising and
correcting the style of it as I ought, which I did purposely to
prevent its being ever published.

About this time I was invited to correspond with two 1726.
learned Gentlemen in England upon Greek and Latine
Literature, and particularly upon Antiquities. These Gentle-
men were Roger Gale, Esq., 3 a commissioner of the Excise in

1 The ruins of Ravensneuk Castle are about half a mile, and the farm about a
mile, east of Penicuik House.

- A copy of this poem (which extends to over 1300 lines of blank verse, each
s:anza ending with a rhymed couplet) in the Baron's autograph, is preserved
among the Clerk papers. It is dated 1727. and bears a note that 'according to
Horace's maxim ' it is to be revised in nine years, followed by the entry. — ' I
have accordingly revised the above poem, and, in the main, find it either right,
or a: least agreeable to my own sentiments. I speak as to the subjects treated
of; but as to the dress, if I had Leisure, I cou'd rind in my heart to help several
things, tho' not very material. Pennycuik. iS December 1736, John Cierk.'
The poetical value of the work is small, but it contains much excellent advice as
to the planning of a country-seat in the taste of the period. The author seems
to have been less peremptory as to the non-publication of this poem than he was
in the case of his Memoirs of my Life and his Travels. Its preface begins : —
' "Tho I have no design to publish the following poetical Essay, nor will ever
acknowledge myself the Author of it in print, yet because it may some time or
other fall into the hands of those who may publish it, I shall say a few things to
the Reader." In a passage further on he would appear to anticipate its anony-
mous publication, — 'As to the Rules and Directions given in this poem, let my
reader think the more of them that they are tendered by a person in a Mask.
They may be recommended to him, as is the custom of Mountebank Doctors to
recommend their medicines, — from study, travel, and experience, but they are
left to speak for themselves."

: Roger Gale of Sermon, Yorkshire, was born in 1672, and educated at St.
Paul's School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He represented Northallerton
ir. Parliament in 1705. 1707, 170S, 1710: in 1 7 1 5 was appointed a commis-
sioner of stamp-duties : and in 17 14 a commissioner of excise, but he was dis-
placed in 1735 by Sir Robert Walpole. He was first vice-president of the
Society of Antiquaries, and treasurer of the Royal Society. In 1709 he edited
with notes the Antonini Iter BHtanniarum of his father, Thomas Gale, Dean
of York ; translated Jobert on The Knowledge of Medals, 1697 ; and contributed

122

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1727

England, and one Doctor Stuckley, 1 first a physitian and then
a clergyman. Both were the Authors of several good things,
particularly the last, tho 1 not so learned and judicious a Man
as the first. I entered likeways into a Correspondence with the
Earl of Pembroke, 2 who was Plenipotentiary at the Treaty of
Revswick when I was in Holand in 1698.

This Correspondence 3 procured me the Credite to be made a
member of the Antiquarian Society in London, of which the
Earl of Hartfoord, 4 Eldest son of the Duke of Buckingham,
joi. 144- was president. Both these Lords shewed me afterwards many

to the Philosophical Transactions, the Gentlejnan's Magazine, and Britannia
Romano.. Nichol's Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica, vol. iii. [Reliquia
Galeance), contains various of his papers, and his correspondence with Cierk and
other antiquaries. He died at Scruton in 1744.

1 William Stukeley, a celebrated antiquary, was born at Holbech, Lincoln-
shire, in 16S7. He studied at Cambridge, and, under Dr. Mead, at St. Thomas's
Hospital, and took his degree of M.D. in 1719. In 1726 he settled as a
physican at Grantham; but, turning his attention to the church, he was ordained
in 1729, and became Rector of All Saints, Stamford ; and in 1747 was presented
to the rectory of St. George, Queen Square, London. He was a member of the
Royal Society, and one of the first of those who, about 1717, revived the Society
of Antiquaries, of which he was its secretary for man)' years. In 1741 he was one
of the founders of the Egyptian Society ; and he was author of many works on
medical and antiquarian subjects, of which the most important is his Itina-arittm
Curiosiim, published in 1724. He died in 1765.

'-' Thomas Herbert, born 1656, succeeded his elder brother as eighth Earl of
Pembroke in 16S3 ; in 1690 was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty ; in 1692
Lord Privy Seal ; and in 1697 first plenipotentiary at the Treaty of Ryswick.
He was an eminent collector and patron of art and literature, and president of
the Royal Society 1689-1690. In 1690 Locke dedicated his Essay on Hitman
Understanding to him, and Berkeley his Principles of Hitman Knowledge, in
1710. He died in 1733. Allan Ramsay refers to him in his 'Ode to the Earl
of Hartford, etc. ': — ■

' Pembroke's a name to Britain dear

For learning and brave deeds of weir (war) ;

The genius still continues clear
In him whose art

In you rare fellowship can bear
So great a part. '

3 Copies of some of the Baron's letters to these personages are preserved among
the Clerk papers.

4 Algernon Seymour, born 1684, styled Earl of Hertford till 1748, when he
succeeded his father as seventh Duke of Somerset (not Buckingham, as stated
by Clerk). He became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries 16th January
1724; was created Earl of Northumberland and Earl of Egremont in 1749;
and died 1750. In 172S Allan Ramsay addressed 'An Ode to the Earl of

VISIT TO LONDON

123

civilities, of which hereafter, and the Earl of Pembroke sent me
his picture, 1 which is now one of the ornaments of Mavisbank.

My Correspondence with those Lords and Gentlemen went
on in a very friendly manner, and I was induced by their in-
vitation to undertake a journey to London the year after.

I spent the months of november and december at Edin.
attending the Court of Exchequer, save about Christmass that
I and all my Family were always at Pennicuik for 3 or 4
weeks.

I returned to Edin. the 23 of January 172T, staid there till l 7*7-
the begining of March, and on the 16 of that Month set out
in company of a very agreable Gentleman, Mr. Spithel of
Louchat, 2 for London.

We arrived there about the begining of Aprile, and staid

Hartford and the rest of the members of the Society of British Antiquaries '
(see Poems, vol. i. p. 13S, London edition of 1800) : —

'To Hartford and his learned friends,
Whose fame for science far extends,
A Scottish muse her duty sends,

From Pictish towers :
Health, length of days, and happy ends,

Be ever yours.

' Among al! those of the hrst rate,
Our learned Clerk, blest with the fate
Of thinking right, can best relate

These beauties all,
Which bear the marks of ancient date.

Be-north the wall :

' The wall which Hadrian first begun,
And bold Severus carried on
From rising to the setting sun,

Or. Britain's coast,
Our ancestors' fierce arms to shun
Which galled them most.'

3 This portrait is still in the possession of the head of the Clerk family. It
is a three-quarters length, representing the Earl in armour, as Lord High
Admiral of Great Britain and Ireland, a post to which he was appointed in
1701, and again in 170S. The figure is painted by William Wissing, and the
background of sea and ships by William Vandevelde, the younger.

- James Spittal of Leuchat and Blair Logan was born about 1663, son of
Alexander Spittal of Leuchat. Though a Whig and a Presbyterian he went
to Rome, and obtained a dispensation from the Pope to marry his deceased
wife's sister, who was a daughter of Sir James Holburne of Menstrie. After
her death he travelled much in Italy, Germany, and France ; and on his return,

124 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1727

above 7 weeks. During this time I was very civilly used by
every body and particularly by the above mentioned Lords
and Gentlemen. I was frequently entertained at their Houses,
and carried about by them to see every thing that was valouable
either in London or near it. I was frequently at Court, and
saw the Royal Family on several occasions. I never gave his
Majesty King George the first the truble of receiving me with
a kiss of his hands, but was introduced to the Prince 1 by the
Earl of Pembroke who never failed to do me all the Honours
in his power. I was by him made acquainted with the Duke of
Devonshire, 2 the Earl of Burlington, 3 the Lord[s] Carteret 4 and

in 1700, his society was greatly sought, and he was regarded ' as a man of fashion
who had studied books and men to excellent purpose.' He was Provost of Inver-
keithing, 1696-1704 ; and represented the burgh of Inverkeithing in Parliament,
1696 to 1707. He was the last surviving member of the Union Parliament,
and ' used to give precious anecdotes of the people who made a figure in the
tempestuous debates which took place while the Union was under agitation.'
Ramsay of Ochtertyre relates that once while visiting at Tullibole in 1756 or
1757, ' At the company's breaking up after supper, he took me to his bedroom,
where he sat till three in the morning talking over his travels, and of people
who had made a great figure at home and abroad. I admired the shrewdness
and naivete of the remarks of a man past ninety whose faculties were entire.
... He spoke the most elegant Scots I ever heard, probably the language spoken
at the Union Parliament, which was composed of people of fashion.' See Scotland
and Scotsmen of the Eighteenth, Century from the MS. of John Ramsay of Ochter-
tyre, vol. ii. pp. 290-94, where many of Spittal's quaint sayings are preserved.

1 George Augustus, Prince of Wales, succeeded his father as George 11., and
was crowned nth October 1727.

2 William Cavendish, born about 1673, succeeded his father as second Duke of
Devonshire 1707 ; was appointed Lord President of the Council in 1 716, and again
in 1726. He married Rachel, elder daughter of William, Lord Russell, and
died in 1729.

s Richard Boyle, succeeded his father as third Earl of Burlington, 1704 ; was
invested a K.G. 1730; died, 1753. Pope inscribed to him the Fourth Epistle
— ' Of Taste ; — of his Moral Essays : —

' But you, proceed ! make falling arts your care,
Greet new wonders, and the old repair ;
Jones and Palladio to themselves restore,
And be whate're Vitruvius was before. '

4 The great rival of Walpole, John Carteret, second Baron Carteret, born
1690, succeeded his mother in 1744 as Earl Granville. In 1719 he was Ambas-
sador-Extraordinary to the Court of Sweden; in 1721 Principal Secretary of
State ; and in 1724 he was constituted Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Died 1763.
According to Swift he possessed ' more Greek, Latin, and philosophy than pro-
perly became a person of his rank.'

1727]

VISIT TO LONDON

125

Malpas. 1 I was frequently in Company and at dinner with my foi. 145.
old friend and acquaintance Mr. Compton, 2 speaker of the Afterwards
House of Commons. My Lord Burlington invited me to his fine mington!'
Country seat at Chisewick, 3 and was extreamely civil and com-
plaisant to me. Likeways one Mr. Johnstone of Twickenham, 4
who had been one of King William's secretary of state, had me
at his Country seat, and amongst other things regalled me with
a sight of all his great improvements in Gardening. Mr. Gale
was never from me, and there was one Smart Lethalier, who
had been my eldest son's school fellow at Eton, who never was
out of my company, such was the affectionat remembrance he
had for his deceased companion, 10 years after their first
acquaintance. I was every friday at the meeting of the

1 George. Viscount Malpas, K.B., born 1703, succeeded his father as third
Earl of Cholmondeley in 1733. He was Keeper of the Privy Seal in 1743 ; and
in 1745 he raised a regiment of foot for the royal service. He married Mar}-,
daughter of Sir Robert Waipole, first Earl of Orford. Died 1770.

2 The Right Hon. Sir Spencer Compton, third son of James, third Earl of
Northampton, was Speaker of the House of Commons from 21st March 17 14
till 7th August 1727 ; was raised to the peerage as Baron Wilmington in 172S ;
and in 1730 appointed Lord Privy Seal and created Earl of Wilmington. In
1733 he became Lord President of the Council, and was invested a K.G. Died
1743-

" Chiswick House, Lord Burlington's seat, on the Thames, celebrated for its
associations with Pope, and afterwards with Fox, Canning, and Garrick. It is
referred to in London and its Environs Described, 1 76 1, as 'a villa which for
elegance of taste surpasses everything of its kind in England. '

4 'Secretary Johnston,' James Johnston, a younger son of Sir Archibald
Johnston, Lord \Yarriston. was born about 1643. After his father's execution,
in 1663, he fled to Holland, where he studied law. He was introduced by his
cousin, afterwards Bishop Burnet, to Lord Romney ; and was engaged in
negotiations in favour of William of Orange, after whose accession he was ap-
pointed, in 1692, on the resignation of Lord Melville, joint-Secretary for Scotland
with Sir John Dalrympie. In 1695 ne was a chief instigator of the inquiry into
the Massacre of Glencoe ; and in the following year he was dismissed by the king
for promoting the bill for establishing an African Company. In 1702 he settled
at Orleans House, Twickenham, and devoted himself to gardening and planting.
Mackay in his Tour through England{zi. ed., vol. i. pp. 63-64) mentions that 'He
has the best collection of fruit of all sorts of most gentlemen in England. His
slopes for his vines, of which he makes some hogsheads a year, are very
particular, and Dr. Bradley, of the Royal Society, who hath wrote so much upon
gardening, ranks him among the first-rate gardeners in England.' He died at
Bath in 1737. The contemporary estimates of his character are very various.
Swift styles him ' one of the greatest knaves, even in Scotland.'

126

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1727

Antiquarian Society, where I found every member doing their
outmost to advance learning and improve one another by a
learned, frank, and easy Conversation. All our new discoveries
were mentioned here, and such medals, Inscriptions, and other
remains of' Antiquity produced as gave us all mutual satis-
faction.

When I was in London I waited on Sir Hans Sloan, 1 President
of the Royal Society, and saw at his House a greater Treasure
of Valouable Antiquities, jewels, and medals, and Gold, silver,
and copper than I had ever seen in the greatest Cabinets
abroad. There was likeways such an Infinity of natural
/oi. 146. Curiosities as woif d j require volumns to describe, for it is com-
puted that Sir Hans had in his Custody of such things as I
have mentioned to the valou of 200,000 Tib. str.

I was afterwards introduced by Mr. Gale into the Roval
Society, and saw Mr. Desaguiliers 2 make some Philosophical
Experiments amongst them.

When I visited the Duke of Devonshire, being introduced
by the Earl of Pembroke, his Grace treated me with much
civility, and shewed me a most valuable Treasure of Books,
Antiquities, Medals, and other Curiosities.
ke In the possession of the Earl himself, at his House in

London, I saw many fine Books and Pictures of the best

1 Sir Hans Sloane, Bart., born at Killileagh, co. Down, 1660. About 1687
he became physician to the Duke of Albemarle, governor of Jamaica, and while
there brought together a valuable botanical collection. On his return, in 1689,
he settled in London, where in 1694 he was appointed physician to Christ's
Hospital ; in 17 16 was created a Baronet ; and in 1727 became physician-in-
ordinary to George 11., and was elected to succeed Newton as president of the!
Royal Society. He bequeathed his vast collections, including books and mss.,
to the nation, for ^20,000 to be paid to his family ; and they formed, with
the Harleian and the Cottonian MSS. the foundations of the British Museum.
He died 1753.

2 Jean Theophile Des Aguliers, natural philosopher, was born at La Rochelle
in 1683. He studied at Oxford, and, in 1710, became successor to Dr. Keil as
lecturer on experimental philosophy in Hart Hall. In 17 14 he was elected
fellow of the Royal Society, and invited to become their demonstrator and
curator, and in 1742 he received from them the Copley medal for his successful
experiments. He was inventor of the planetarium for determining the exact
distances of the heavenly bodies, and author of many works and articles on
scientific subjects. Died 1744.

1727] VISIT TO LONDON, Etc. 127

Italian Masters. Amongst other choise books I saw the
Speculum salutis? which is thought the first book that was ever
printed. The Earl has it both in Dutch and Latine, but the
cuts in it are the same, being done very coarsely from Wooden
plats. The leaves are not printed on both sides but pasted
together, for so far only printing was carried in its infancy.

I was likeways made acquainted with Doctor Woodward, 2
who has a vast collection of natural Curiosities, as he himself,
in my opinion, was the greatest Curiosity on earth, being
a vain, foolish, affected Man. His natural Historv, however,
is a book that deserves to be read, as it treats very well on
Minerals and fossils.

My L d Pembroke had recommended to me to see his House,
Statues, and pictures at Wilton, 3 in Wiltshire, near Salisbury.
I went accordingly there, and saw the greatest collection of

1 The Speculum Humane Salvationis, though not the first printed book, and
of uncertain date, belongs to the infancy of the press, and marks in a curious
manner the transition from block priming to printing from movable types,
presenting as it does an example of both processes simultaneously in one volume
and on one page. It is a picture-book of sacred history, in which the cuts and a
few words are engraved on wood, while the text below is for the most pan from
metal types. The four earliest editions, without date, are of Dutch origin ; two
(the 1st and 3d) are in the Dutch language, and the others (2d and 4th) in Latin.
Of none of these editions are there a dozen copies now known. The copies in
possession of Lord Pembroke were the first Latin edition (containing sixty-three
leaves, twenty of which are engraved on wood) and the second Dutch. Accord-
ing to Ebert {Bibliogr. Diet.) the two copies acquired by Lord Spencer were also
of these same editions. A full account of the work will be found in the facsimile
reproduction by J. P. Berjeau : Speculum Humana. Salvationist le plus ancicn
monument de la Xylographie et la Typographic ramies, avee Introduction, etc.
— L.

2 John Woodward, M.D., naturalist and antiquary, was born in Derbyshire
in 1665. He was elected to the medical professorship of Gresnam College in
1692 ; published in 1695 his Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and
Terrestrial Bodies; and in 1693 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He
wrote also on medical and antiquarian subjects. He died 172S, and his valuable
collections were bequeathed to the University of Cambridge, with a fund for the
endowment of an annual lectureship.

•"■ An account of the works of art at Wilton, almost contemporary with the
Baron's visit, will be found in the Description of the Earl of Pembroke's Pictures,
by C. Gambarini of Lucca, published in Svo at Westminster in 1731. See also
A Description of the Picttires, Statue:, Bustos, ere, at the Ear! of Pembroke's
House at Wilton, by Richard Cowdry, i"i and 1752 : and A Description of the
Antiquities at 1 Villon House, by James Kennedy, of which editions were pub-

128

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1727

Greek and Roman statues that ever I saw in any palace abroad ;
besides, there are several capital pictures there of Raphael,
Guido, Hanibal, Caraci, Rubens, and others, but I think one of
foi. 147. the finest pictures j in Europe is that of the Pembroke Family
by Vandyke, nothing but Life itself can equal the beuties of
5 or 6 of the Figures. The picture will be near 25 feet in
length, and 18 or 20 in height. It takes up the whole end of
the great Hall. 1

The House was formerly an Abacy and was afterwards
beautified and enlarged by the Famouse Architect Inigo Jones. 2

I staid at Salisbury all night and with great satisfaction
saw the Cathedral. Here our Country man, Doctor Burnet,
the Bishop, had for many years officiated. 3

In returning to London I went through Salisbury plain, and
saw the famous old British Monument called Stonehenge.
This consists of several circles of stones, many of which are 26
foot hiffh and 4 or 5 broad, above are some vast stones lvino-
across from one to another. Some have thought it Roman,
but I cannot come into that opinion. Inigo Jones has left us
a description of it, 4 but the best description is at present under
the hand of my Friend, Doctor Stuckley. 5

lished in 1758, 1759, 1 771, and 1774. Writing to Clerk in 1726 Roger Gale
characterises the antiquities at Wilton as ' without doubt not to be paralleled on
this side the Alps ; ' but the collection of sculpture has not maintained the great
reputation which it then enjoyed.

1 The work of Vandyck referred to is the great full-length group of Philip
Herbert, fourth Earl of Pembroke and his family, of which Horace Walpole re
marks that 'though damaged, it would serve alone as a school of this master.'
It was engraved by Baron in 1740.

2 In 1633 the fourth Earl of Pembroke rebuilt the front of Wilton House in a
magnificent manner. Charles I. recommended that he should employ Inigo
Jones, who, however, was too much occupied to accept the commission ; but
Solomon de Caus, who carried out the work, received man}' suggestions from
him. In 1647 the south side of the house was destroyed by fire, and it was
rebuilt ' with the advice of Inigo Jones ; but he being then very old, could not
be there in person, but left it to Mr. Webb.' Sec Aubrey's Natural History
of Wiltshire. Jones built a grotto and the stables at Wilton, the drawings for
which are preserved at Worcester College and Chatsworth. ,

3 Dr. Gilbert Burnet was Bishop of Salisbury from 1689 till 171 5.

4 The most Notable Antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called Stone-heng,
on Salisbury Plain, restored by Inigo [ones, folio, London, 1655.

5 Stonehenge, a Tei?iple restor'd to the British Druids by William Stukely,
M.D., Rector of All Saints in Stamford, folio, London, 1740.

1727] VISIT TO STONEHENGE, WILTON, Etc.

129

I saw likeways on my return Old Sarum, being a very
antient British fortification, rising in several storys like a
Piramidical Mount. It has not as much as one house in it,
and yet has the privilege of sending two members of parlia-
ment. Near it is Amsberry, 1 a very fine little House, built by
Inigo Jones, and belonging now to the Duke of Queensberry.

Upon my return to London I was closely examined by the
Earl of Pembroke as to what I had seen at his seat of Wilton,
but was on my guard to give him satisfaction.

One day I went from London to Hampton Court to visite
the famous Cartoons by Raphael. 2 I found them painted on
paper | as paterns for Tapestry, which was afterwards made at/*/.
Antwerp and carried back to Rome, but the Cartoons were
bought up by King Charles the First, and upon being repaired
by order of the late King William and Queen Mary, are now
become not only the greatest ornaments in Hampton Court,
but of all England. The true spirit of the great Master
Raphael is more to be discovered in them than in any of his
best picturs.

I visited most of the fine Seats about London, and am of
opinion that there are more fine Houses in England than in
Italy, tho' all of them not so well ornamented.

Amongst those I visited in London was Doctor Mead, 3 who
is a Man of Learning, and has a vast collection of Books, pic-
turs, prints, Medals, Antiquities, and other valouable things.

1 Amesbury House, Wiltshire, was erected, from the designs of Inigo Jones,
by his nephew John Webb.

2 The cartoons commissioned by Leo x. for the decoration of the Sixtine
Chapel, and painted, from Raphael's designs, by himself and his pupils in 1515-
15 16, were ten in number; and the tapestries executed from them by Pieter Van
Aelst at Brussels are now in the Vatican. Seven of the original cartoons were
purchased for Charles I., and remained at Hampton Court till a few years ago,
when they were transferred to the South Kensington Museum.

3 Dr. Richard Mead, Vice-President of the Royal Society, and physician-in-
ordinary to George 11. ; born in 1673, and trained under Graevius of Utrecht.
He travelled in Italy in 1695-1696, and laid the foundation of his collection of
antiques, of which the crown was the bronze head of ' Homer ' (Sophokles),
formerly in the collection of Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, and introduced
in the portrait of himself and his Countess, by Vandyck, at Arundel Castle.
Mead died in 1753, and the greater part of his collection was sold by auction iri
I 755> when the bronze head was purchased for 130 gs. by the Earl of Exeter
who bequeathed it to the British Museum.

130

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

[1727

Amongst other things, he has a head of Homer found amongst
the rubish of Justinians Palace at Constantinople, and very
probably the head of that famous Statue of Homer so much
Cedrenus, a commended by Cedrenus, 1 which he says was destroied by the

Rysantine burning of the above mentioned palace.

Writer. © * .

My Country Men at London were all very civil to me, par-
ticularly the Dukes of Hamiltone 2 and Argyle, Queensberry, 3
Roxburgh, and Montrose ; the Earls of Illay, Aberdeen, 4 and
others.

I keept a diary of all I saw or met with in England, which
will be found amongst my Manuscripts.

I returned to Scotland by the way of York about the end
of May in company with two good friends, Mr. Pringle of
Haining 5 and Colonel Douglass, 6 who were Members of Parlia-
ment.

This summer, 1727, I bought the lands of Drumcrief, 7 near
Moffat, from the Duke of Queensberry. This Duke treated
me with the same friendship and civility his Father did, for
about a year before he had made me one of his Trustees in the
management of his affaires in Scotland. I

1 George Cedrenus, a Greek monk of the eleventh century, who wrote
chronicles, beginning with the Creation, and ending with the year 1059. — L.

2 James, fifth Duke of Hamilton and second Duke of Brandon, succeeded
his father 17 12, and died 1743.

3 Charles, third Duke of Queensberry and second Duke of Dover, born
1698, succeeded his father in 1711. He was appointed Keeper of the Great Seal
of Scotland, 1761, and Lord-Justice General, 1763. Died 1778. His portrait
and that of his Duchess, Lady Catherine Hyde, daughter of Henry, Earl of
Clarendon and Rochester, celebrated in the verse of Pope, Swift, Prior, and
Gay, are still in the possession of the Clerk family. The former is painted by
Miss Ann Forbes, the latter by William Aikman.

4 William, second Earl of Aberdeen, was Member of Parliament for the
county of Aberdeen in 1708 ; succeeded his father in 1720 ; died 1746.

5 John Pringle of Haining, passed advocate in 1698 ; represented the county
of Selkirk in the Scottish Parliament from 1703 till the Union ; and was a member
of the British Parliament till his elevation to the bench, as Lord Haining, in
1729. He died in 1754.

0 Fifth son of James, tenth Earl of Morton. He was member for the
Linlithgow Burghs 1708-10, 1710-13, 1715-22; for Orkney and Shetlandshire
1 7 13- 1 5, 1722-27. He succeeded his brother as fifteenth Earl of Morton, 1730,
and died 1738.

7 See Additional Note N, — Dumcrieff and Craigiebum.

1727] PURCHASE OF DUMCRIEFF 131

The Duke of Douglass 1 did me the same honour, but hey*/. 149.
having in a Frantick fit murdered his own Cousin German, N - B -— This
Captain Ker, 2 1 gave up medling in his Affaires, since there were blood murdered
neither Reward nor thanks to be got by serving him. I had whipping
indeed no salary or reward from the Duke of Queensberrv, but in his bed - b >'

hi . „ n . . J shooting him

avmg received very great favours from his deceased Father, I through the

coud do no less than serve him and his family to the outmost of Sd this 00 ™"

my power, and besides, I was bv promise to him on his death barbar ° us and

iji 1 , , . *, . ™ cowardly Action

bed solemnl y engaged to assist his son in all his affaires. tho' he was a

; ; ; — man of great

Archibald, third Marquis of Douglas, born 1694 ; succeeded his father in Courage, and
1700 ; and was created Duke of Douglas in 1703. He was active in the royal
interest during the Rebellion of 17 15, and fought at Sheriffmuir. The celebrated
' Douglas Cause ' followed his death in 1761, when the ducal title became extinct.

2 'In 1725 a tragedy occurred which considerably overshadowed the
remainder of the Duke's life. This was the death of Captain John Ker, a
natural son of Lord Mark Ker [the Duke's brother-in-law], a young man of whom
his Grace was very fond, and who was then staying at Douglas Castle. The
particulars of the tragedy have been so variously related that it is impossible to
ascertain the exact details, but there seems no doubt that the young man fell by
the Duke's own hand, while they were fencing or otherwise. A few days after-
wards the Duke went to Edinburgh, and sailed for Holland.'— Fraser's Douglas
Book, vol. ii. p. 467 (Edin. 1SS5).

' In the end of this moneth [May 1725] the unhappy Duke of Douglas killed,
in his own house, his cousin-german, Lord John Ker's only son and heir. The
occasion of it they that are favourable to him give thus. A debauched fellou in
the neighbourhood had born himself in upon the poor Duke, who for many years
had been crazed in his brain, and the Duke keeped too much company with him,
who was every ways below the Duke. Mr. Ker, at the Duke's desire, had come
to the Castle of Douglas, and stayed some days with the Duke. He was a young
gentleman in a Captain's post, I think, and the Duke was very fond of him. He
took the freedom to tell the Duke the above-said insignificant fellou was
admitted to too much familiarity with his Grace ; that though he was every way
below the Duke of Douglas, yet he, the Captain, would be ashamed to keep
company with him ! The Duke seemed not displeased with his cusin for his
freedom, but was so weak as, next time the fellou came to him, to tell him what
the Captain had said. The villan fleu out in a passion, and said the Captain
had maltreated the Duke, and presumed too much in chusing his company for
him, adding, wer he Duke of Douglas, he would pistole him for what he had
presumed to do ! It seems this divilish advice took with the poor man, yet he
caryed himself most civilly to his cousin all that day, and they supped together, and
parted as they used to doe. However, after Mr. Ker was in bed and asleep, the
Duke, without letting anybody knou, came softly into the room, shot Mr. Ker
through the head, and stobbed him in two places in the breast ; and when some
servants with the noise were awakned, the Duke was in his room, and confessed,
with seeming sorrow, that he had killed his cousin. In a few dayes the Duke
went in to Edinburgh, and gote into a ship, and went to Holland. This is the
common report of this lamentable affair.' — Woodrow's Anakcta, vol. iii. p. 208.

132

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1727

never cou'd
give any
account of the
cause. He was
advised after-
wards to fly
[from] the
House of
Douglass, which
he did for a
' [year] or two,
but [the] King,
understanding
that this base
action was
oweing to mad
ness, he has
hitherto suffered
him to live at
the Castle of
Douglass
without any
molestation.
Anno 1754,
this Duke lives
still at Home.

fol 150.

This Summer I bought like ways the Lands of Lauhead
and Marchwell 1 from Mr. Bothwell of Glencross, 2 because my
Father once intended to have purchessed them, being con-
tiguous to the Lands and Baronv of Peniiicuik.

The superiority of these Lands is included in the Tailzy 3 of
Glencross. but it is disponed to me, and I think my right to
the Superiority is as good as what I have to the Lands, since
the Tailzv of Glencross was never Registrated in the Register
of Tailzies, and since the Tailzy itself is very defective in many
particulars.

I had before furnished up some Rooms at Mavisbank,
wherefor I went and lived there with my Wife and part of my
Familv for the months of June and July when the Court of
Exchequer was siting, and from thence rode every morning to
Edin.j which I found contributed greatly to my health. |

In this vear, 1727, I was by a Commission under the great
Seal constituted a Trustee for our Manufactures in Scotland. 4

: Marchwell is about a mile and a half north-west of the town of Penicuik ;
and Lawhead is about half a mile south-west of Marchwell.
- Alexander Bothwell of Glencorse. See note 1 , p. 141.
" Entail.

4 By the fifteenth article of the Treaty of Union, it was enacted that ^2000
per annum should, for some years, be applied towards the encouragement and
promotion of fisheries, manufactures, and improvements in Scotland, as an
equivalent for the increase of duties of Customs and Excise. In 171S this sum
was made payable for ever out of the Customs and Excise in Scotland ; and in
1725 an Act was passed which provided that, when the produce of three pence
per bushel of duty on malt should exceed ,£"20,000 per annum, such surplus
should be added to the above-named ^2000. In 1727, 'on a representation
from certain pub" -spirited gentlemen in Scotland (Duncan Forbes, King's
Advocate ; Chark Areskine, King's Solicitor ; Baron Sir John Clerk ; Lord
Royston : Lord Muton, and others), seconded by an application from the Con-
vention of the Royal Boroughs of the Kingdom, his Majesty King George 1.
issued letters-patent for the appointment of a Board of (twenty-one) Trustees,
with power to administer the fund. By means of premiums, and in other ways,
much was done for the encouragement of the linen manufactures ; weavers were
brought over from France, and established on the site of the present Picardy
Flace : and in 1766 a hall for the sale of linen was opened in Edinburgh. In
1S09 the number of Trustees was increased to twenty-eight, and seven of them
were appointed Commissioners for the Herring Fishery. A new Fishery Board
was constituted by Act of Parliament in 18S2. In 1S2S new letters-patent were
issued, giving the trustees extended powers; and in 1S47 an Act was passed
enabling the Treasury to appropriate the funds towards the purposes of education
in the fine arts generally. In 1760 the Board founded a school of design, com-

APPOINTED TRUSTEE FOR MANUFACTURES 133

The Trustees were 21 in number, who were likeways to
encourage the Cod and Herring Fishing on our Coasts. This
was done in perseuance of an Act of parliament in the last
session under King George the first, but it hapned that this
good and wise King died at Osnabruck in his way to Hannover
in june last.

On the 10th of Agust this year it pleased God to incress my
Family by another Daughter, who, after my Wife, was christned
Jennet. About the 10 of Agust, after the Exchequer Affaires
were over, I returned to Pennicuik, and about the 20 of the same
month I and a part of my Family went to Moffat, for at that
time I had but little accomodation at Drumcrief, which I had
bought. However, I began to do some things there in order to
live there once a year for a month, for the benefite of Moffat
water, and for the diversions of shooting and fishing, which
were there in greater perfection than any other place I kneu.

In novemb r the same year and in january 1728, I carried 1728.
part of my Family to Edin., and attended the Court of
Exchequer and the Manufactories and fisheries which were in-
trusted to me and others as above. From this time I always
officiated as chief Baron, for upon the death of our Lord Chief
Baron Smith, one of my Brothers in this Court, Baron Lant
was, by the interest of his Friends in England, made Chief
Baron, 1 but never attended except for 3 or 4 weeks in summer. |
In March 1728 I returned from Edin. to Pennicuik, and/*/. 151.
attended closely to my studies and plantations.

This seasone I began my new way on the South side of the

monly known as 'The Trustees' Academy,' the first institution of the kind in the
United Kingdom established at public expense ; and here most of the eminent
Scottish painters have received instruction. In 1828 this school was affiliated
with the South Kensington Department. An excellent gallery of casts from
the antique was also purchased. The National Gallery of Scotland and the
Scottish National Portrait Gallery were placed under the control of the Board
when they were founded in 1850 and 1SS3 ; and, when the Museum of the
Society of Antiquaries was made over to the nation in 185 1, this also was com-
mitted to the direction of the Board.

1 See note 1 , page 73. Lant was succeeded as Chief Baron by John Idle,
('the weakest of men,' Ramsay of Ochtertyre twice styles him, Scotland and
Scotsmen, vol. i. pp. "S, 134, notes) on 2d November 1741. Register of the
Great Seal {Paper Register), Book VIII. No. 1 59. See also folio 193, where
the date is given wrongly by about two years.

134

SIR JOHN CLERK S MEMOIRS

[1728

Knights Law, 1 for before there was no other Road to the House
of Pennicuik than by the north side of the Knights Law, and in
this project I was oblidged to build a Bridge over the East
burn which was founded this summer. This wou'd have been
an expensive job to me if it had not been that I bestowed S
years upon it, and finished it with my own Men and carts, except
what related to the Lyme and Mason Work, which came
altogether to no great sum. However, as it gave an easier,
better, and shorter access to the House, there was nothing that
I ever did which cost me less truble or gave me more satisfaction.

In March 1728 my brother William's Relict, Agnes Max-
well, who had been married to Major Le Blanc, died, and left
only a daughter, Dorothea Clerk, who became my charge. The
Major died some time before his Wife, and left my niece, the s d
Dorothea, a good dale of money by way of Legacy, and the rest
of what he had, being in all about 40,000 merks, was left to
his Wife and some other friends.

The girle was about 7 or 8 years of Age, and her Mother left
it upon her to marry my son George. She was left Heiress of
Midlebee by the death of her Grandfather and Mother, but
this came not to exceed 100 lib. str. yearly, because of some
debt- which affected it, but by what was left by her mother
joi i 5 c. and Major Le Blanc she might be worth at least j 2500 Kb. str..
all debts paied.

In summer this year I began to build the north pavilion of
Mavisbank, having already built the south pavilion for the
benefite of my stabling and coach house. I began likewavs to
enclose several pieces of ground in the moor of Louhead,
which, being covered with whins, yealded nothing.

I was at Drumlanrig 2 this year for 10 days, and applied very
closely to the Duke of Queensberry \s Affaires.

3 This form; the chief approach to the present Penicuik House.

'-' The lands of Drumlanrig have been possessed by the family of Douglas
since the fourteenth century : and they were confirmed to the ancestor of the
Earls of Queensberry, Sir William Douglas, son of the second Earl of Douglas
and Mar, the hero of Otterburn, by a charter, written with his own hand, by
James I., in 1412, when he was in captivity in England. See Fraser's Book of
Douglas. The present Drumlanrig Castle was erected, on the site of an older
structure, between 1675 anc * 1689, by William, first Duke of Queensberry,
grandfather of the nobleman mentioned above.

1/28]

BUILDING AT MAVISBAXK

135

In november this year I was with my Family at Edin., and
bought the half of the Lands of Craigyburn 1 from Mr. Johnstone
of Girthead ; the other half was in the hands of Mr. Tod, 2
Minister at Duresdeer, which I intended likeways to have
bought, but couM never make a bargain with him. However,
as the lands of Crai^vburn were undivided, we made an
exchange, and my half was laid contiguous to my Lands of
Drumcrief.

In December this year it pleased God to give my Family
another incress by the birth of a son, who was christned John, 3
after my deceased son.

In February 1729 I again was at Edin. with my family on 1729.
the business of the Exchequer, and in the spring I attended
the Duke of Queensberry's Affaires for 10 days at Drumlanrig.

In the months of june and july I lived with my family at
Mavisbank, and from thence every day I attended the Court
of Exchequer.

In Agust I was at Drumcrief for some weeks. My Wife
and two of my Daughters were with me, but on her return,
when she was paying a visite from Daufington to the Min-
ister's Wife at Dunsire, one Mrs. Bredfoot, 4 the coach was

1 See Additional Note Is", — Dumcrieff and Craigieburn.

- 'Thomas Tod, M.A., had his degree at the University of Edinburgh, nth
July 1687, and was licenced by the Presbytery- of Selkirk 27th May 1696, his
licence having been postponed from 23d Oct. preceding, as he demurred to take
the oaths of allegiance and assurance. An extract of his licence was refused 31st
Dec. 1696, as he scrupled to acknowledge King William as the lawful magistrate
of the kingdom, but it was allowed in common form 16th March 1699, he having
promised all due obedience to the civil magistrate, and is called [to Durisdeer]
Sth May, and ordained 5th Sept. 1700. He threatened separating from the
Church in 1712, on account of the Oath of Abjuration, but did not ; got the
church rebuilt in 1720, and died 28th June 1742, in his eighty-fifth year. . . .' —
Scott's Fasti.

3 John Clerk of Eldin, F.R.S. , born 20th December 1728. He was author
of the celebrated Essay on Naval Tactics, 1782, and his curious series of
Etchings was published by the Bannatyne Club in 1825 and in 1S55. He died
in 1S12. See note 3 to page 115.

J The Rev. James Bradfute, son of the Rev. John Bradfute, minister of
Pettinain, was at this time minister of Dunsyre. Lanarkshire. He was called in
1712, and died in 175S. He married, in 1717, Jean, daughter of James Mure of
Rhoddens, who died in 1763. His son John succeeded in the cure, and was an
intimate friend of Sir James Clerk, the Baron's son, and frequently his companion
in his pleasure tours through England and Scotland.' See The Gentle Shepherd

136

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1729

M- 153'

I was made a
Member of the
Royal Society,
an Honour I
valow much.

N.B.— The
Lands of
Pennicuik

unfortunatly overturned, and she very much | bruised. By this
accident she was oblidged to continue in the Minister's house
for 3 days, and was afterwards carried to Pennicuik in a chaire.
It was a great happiness to me and my Family that she was
not killed, for she was in great danger, and continued very ill
for near two months after. She recovered at last by the
assistance of 3 chyrurgeons and many applications.

In novemb r and part of Decemb r as usual I attended the
Court of Exchequer, and still was oblidged to officiat for Lord
Chief Baron. About this time I was informed by a letter from
Roger Gale, my good English friend and constant corre-
spondent, that I was chosen a Member of the Royal Society.

Thus I have brought this History of my Life to the year
1730, when I grow old and grey headed, but have reasone to
bless God that for a long time I have continued in a state of
perfect health, which I attribute to nothing more than Exercise
and Riding. I am free from the Gout and Gravel, deseases
which afflicted both my Grandfather and Father about my
time of Life.

As to my worldly circumstances, I have rather incressed
them than diminished them ; at least by my Improvements I
haue made the Estate my Father left me of much greater
valou and extent ; and amongst other things I am persuaded
I have, within these 30 years, planted more than 300,000
Trees, which in time may be of considerable valow.

About this time I got my Tenants at Pennicuik to divide
their Lands, for till now all of them were in Run-Rig. 1 This I

. . . Illustrations of the Scenery (vol. i. p. 94), where (vol. ii. p. 659) his poem,
'A Morning Walk, ' is quoted from his description of the parish of Dunsyre in the
first edition of the Statistical Account of Scotland. He also wrote an Essay on
the Fisheries published in the Transactions of the Highland Society.

1 Run-rig lands, strictly speaking, are those in which the alternate ridges of
the fields belong to different proprietors. Such a division 'marks,' says Pro-
fessor Rankine, ' the epoch at which the strict rule of a community of immov-
ables began to yield to the convenience of absolute ownership.' In 1605 an Act
was passed by the Scots Parliament for dividing such lands, with the exception
of acres belonging to boroughs or incorporations. In interpreting this statute
the Court have not confined its provisions to run-rig lands in a strict sense of
the word, — but extended them, to quote Erskine, 'to cases where the properties
of the several heritors are broken oft", not by single ridges but perhaps by roods
or acres ; ' and he adds, ' without this extension the statute would have contri-

1730] CHOSEN MEMBER OF ROYAL SOCIETY 13T

found a very difficult matter, for that few Tenants cou'd be Tou n vrere in

i I 27 different

induced to alter their bad methods 01 Agriculture. | pans, tho in the

Amongst my Improvements at Pennicuik, I took in a.f° l - r 54-
Garden at the Damhead, and built a small House, 1 which I Tenlmt Ind
called Eskfield, and let it to a Gardiner. This summer I none of these

, , „ Z r 1 r» -r^, t , n >i j_i parts inclosed.

bought from Mr. Smclare 01 Roslm the superiority 01 the
Lands of Carnhill, 2 Easter and wester Ravensnook all which
are parts of the Barony of Pennicuik.

At Mavisbank I went on with my Gardens and inclosures,
and I altered the face of the Moor of Louhead by inclosures
with Hedges and ditches, whereas before nothing grew here
but Whins and Hether, nor did it pay any rent at all.

These are the Gifts of God, and I commit them to his care :

Qeov Bi86vto<; ovSev la^vei (fcOovos.

sed cum Horatio, lib. 2, ode 14 :
Linquenda tellus., et domus., et placens
Uxor : neque harum,, quas colis,, arborum
Te, prater invisas cupressoSj

Ulla brevem Domimim sequetur.

Haveirig keept our Christmess at Pennicuik, I went to Town I730 .
on the 23d january, as usually I did, to attend the business of
the Exchequer.

In Aprile I was for 10 days at Drumlanrig, on the Duke of
Queensberry , s affaires.

In june and jully I was with my Family at Mavisbank, and
every day at Edin. This square

This summer I began to carry on the large square pond on the year jjs[i],
the north-west side of the House of Pennicuik. It was always ornamenToFthe
in my time a Boo-, and some part of it a Peat moss. House of

; f_ ^_ Pennycuik.* I

buted little either to the beauty of the country or to the improvement of agricul-
ture.' — Institutes III. 5, 59. The term \rtin dale ' was applied to the larger inter-
mixed portions. The Court have refused to apply the Act to pieces of ground
where the area exceeded four acres. A lengthy and learned disquisition upon the
division of ' run rig ' and ' run dale ' lands will be found in the judgment of Lord
Deas delivered in the case of the Baroness Gray, and reported in ill. Rcttits
Court of Session Reports. 1043. — M.

1 This house and the quiet, sheltered, old-fashioned garden still exist ; but
the large new gardens are on the higher ground at the north of Penicuik House.

- Cairnhill, to the north of the Penicuik policies.

z This pond is still 'the greatest ornament of the House of Pennycuik,' with
its richly wooded banks and island, and the fine glimpse, above the tree-tops to

have in it at this

138

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1730

time both Carps
and Tinches,
besides perch
and Trouts.

V. 155.

I73I-
About this time
the fine pieces
of Antiquity
now at Penni-
cuik [were]
found near the
Roman [cam]p
at Midlebee.
They consist of
, a statue of the
Godess
Brigantia ... 2
altars inscribed
to Mercury.
These stood
in a little
[tejmple which,
by age, had
fallen down and
become a
Ruinous kind
of heap.

[I732-]
These Ruines
were in the
grounds of a
poor Lady.
She caused
some of the

In the month of Agust I was with my Wife and some of my
Family at Drumcrief. We made use of "Moffat Water, each of
us a Bottle at a time, and found great benefite by it, for this
water contributes much to sweaten the blood, and conse-
quently to prevent many j deseases. Formerly all who came to
Moffat used to drink 4 or 5 bottles of it daily, but by experi-
ence it was found that one Bottle did a great deal better.

This year, upon hearing much said of the reputation of the
School of Louder, 1 3 or 4 miles south of Penrith, in England,
under the direction of one Mr. YVilkinsone, I sent my son
George there, and boarded him with the Master.

In the begining of this year, my Wife had a very unlucky
accident, for she slipt upon a piece of ice, and broke her Arm
belou the Elbow, at least one of the Bones was dislocated and
the other Broken. I my self instantly reponed the Bone which
was dislocated, for I observed that dislocations at the wrest, if
not immediately set right, will never after be reponed. I sent
in the mean time for a chyrurgeon to take care of the fracture.
She recovered very well of both, but not till several weeks
after.

In Aprile I went to Drumlanrig for 10 days, and in june
and julv was at Mavisbank for the better exercise and giving
my attendance on the Court of Exchequer, riding every day
from thence to Town. About this time my eldest son James
began his Travels. He went first into England in company of

the north, of the peaks of the Pentland Hills. Among the Clerk papers is a
MS. in the Baron's handwriting, dated January 2, 1745, and docketed 'Memor-
andums in relation to the great square Pond on the West side of Pennicuik
House which will sometimes deserve to be read for the better keeping of it in
proper order.' It contains two plans of the lake and its surroundings, and re-
marks on its soil, water, islands, plantations, fish, etc. 'I made it in 1733 at
no great Expense, for it had served for a peat Moss to the Family several years
before in my Father's and grandfather's time. '

1 Lowther. ' The Baron's precepts to his son George when at school in Cum-
berland are worthy of Polonius. He advises him to be kind to his companions,
as he could not tell what they might be able to do for him thereafter, and to be
sure to take the opportunity of "learning the English language," in which the
Baron himself regrets his own deficiency. "You have nothing else to depend
on but your being a scholar and behaving well. " He (the Baron) is described
in the autumn of his days as " humming along and stuffing his pipe in order to
whiff it away for half an hour." — Campbell and Garnett's Life of James Clerk
Maxwell, p. 17.

i/3 1] ACCIDENT TO HIS WIFE 139

his Unckle, Mr. Robert Clerk, Advocate, 1 and after staving stones to be
about London till the begining of Oct r , he was then to go over buifdin^V^ f ° r
to Holand, and to study the Law at Leyden. rwSS ? C '

In Agust I went to Drumcrief, and from thence into West- chanced to
morland to see my son George at Louder. I staid there and dTscovered^he
at Penrith 3 days, and found all going i very well with him. fd. i 5 e.
His master, Mr. Wilkinsone, seem'd to answere the charecter I stones and gave
had got of him, for he was indeed a learned, honest, diligent, 2 guineas for
careful man. insider

After my return I staid at Home till novemb r , that I went th( : se Anti ;

J 7 quities as the

to attend the Court of Exchequer. I did the same in January chief of the kind
and february 1732, still officiating for the Chief Baron in the and th^efor'i '
absence of Mr. Lant. w - rote a L£ T e

dissertation-'

On the 15 March my Wife was delivered of a son, whom I upon them, that
christned Mathew, 2 after our Chief Baron, who was sensible may^oFdespise
and grateful for supplying his place in his absence, so that no ^nf 6511 ' 05 '
body had any occasion to complain of him. I have now, The above
blessed be God, six sones and as many Daughters, who are all Antiquity 1
verv promising children. stlU v *} ow ,

• 10 _ exceedingly

I have not means to support and provide for them as I hope after they have
they will all deserve, but I trust in the providence of God, and possession since
have had many Experiences which oblidge me to believe that nndVdoubt'not
he never incresses Families or Mankind in General but for his but some great

: Robert Clerk, fifth son of Sir John Clerk, first Baronet of Penicuik, born
20th October 1702 ; and passed advocate 4th December 1725. He became one
of the Commissaries of Edinburgh ; married Susan, daughter of William Douglas
of Lympandoun ; and purchased the mains of Collington in Mid-Lothian, in
which he was succeeded by his eldes: son, John, an East India merchant.

- See folios 249 and 250. ' Died abroad in the service of his country. ' —
Douglas's Baronage.

z In 1732 Gordon published, in the Addition: end Correction: by JJ'av of
Supplement to his Itinerariuiu, an account by Cierk of these Roman remains,
much to the Baron's annoyance, as appears from his letter to Gale, 13th March
1732 : but the ' Latine dissertation' was not written til! 1743 (see folio 1931. and
no: printed till 1750; — Dissertatio de Monumentis quibtisdam Romanis in iorcali
SJagna: Britannia parte dttcctis anno MDCCXXX I. (Edinbutgi : c.pi'.d T.
ct TV. Ruddimannos, mdccl.) 4to. The statue of Lrigamia and the two
altars, along with the head of a female statue and an inscribed stone from
Middleby, and other classical remains, were presented to the Society of Anti-
quaries of Scotland by the Right Hon. Sir George Clerk in 1S59. See their
Proceedings, vol. iii. p. 37.

140

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1733

men in England unsearchable purposes, and that he never gives mouths without
of h Antiqu1t > y erS giving meat to them, if they deserve it.

have so far j n Aprile I went to Drumlanrig for 10 davs, and retunfd

rever[enced] r f J

the Heathen by Drumcrief, having a little repaired the House and put the
Reli[gion] as ^ j . i , , 1
to hate built a Garden in better order.

[tem]pie for the j n ; une anc j ; u jy j lived as formerly at Mavisbank, and in

sake [of] this J J J J 7

statue, it is] Agust returned to Pennicuik. In november and December I

Tadms writes attended the business of the Excheqr. as formerly.

that'the 2 "^^' In A P rue an( * ^ Ia y 1 was invi ted to London to wait on

Brigantes were some of my English friends at Court, for tho 1 there was

, r I733 ,' nothing there which I had to ask, yet it was thought advisable

the [most] ° . i ,

powerful that once in 6 or 7 years I should endeavour to keep up an

Britam^and Acquaintance and correspondence with some of the King's
that [with] pro- ^ii n i stry- I

babihty this J I

joi. 15-. I thought these reasons tollerably good, but I had likeways
statue was like ano ther motive, which had more effect on me than any thing

another Diana 7 . i

of Ephesus. else. I had a cousin, one Laurence Chartres, who lived at that

time with Mr. Horace Walpole, Brother to Sir Robert Walpole,

the prime Minister, and who was much intrusted with the

Country affaires of both these Brothers. He lived at Woolerton

in Norfolk, the House of Mr. Horace Walpole, 1 and had the

charge of a great number of Masons and Wrights who were
© © ©

emploied in building this House. He had but little knowledge
in these matters, and as I heard he had begun of late to drink
and squander away his Money, I thought a visite from me
might be of service to him, as I knew he both put confidence
in me, and thought himself under some kind of ties to follow
my advices. I had likeways some distant views that as I had
six sones, some of them woifd want the assistance of my best
English Friends to be put in a way of living.

With these projects in my mind I set out for London,

1 Horatio, Lord Walpole, second surviving son of Robert Walpole, and
younger brother of Sir Robert Walpole, first Earl of Orford, was bora at
Haughton, in 167S. In the time of George 1. he was Under-Secretary of State,
Secretary to the Treasury, and Envoy to the Hague. From 1723 to 1730 he was
Ambassador in Paris, and from 1733 to 1739 Ambassador to the States-General.
He was created Baron Walpole of Wolterton in 1756 ; and died in 1757. An
account of his seat of Wolterton — 'of my own building' — will be found in a
letter of his, dated 29th May 1745, to the Rev. Mr. Milling, given in Noble's
AJemoirs of Horatio, Lord Walpole, p. 287.

1/33] VISITS NORFOLK AND LONDON

141

carrying in my company one Mr. Bothwel, 1 the eldest son of

my neighbour Mr. Henry Bothwel of Glencross, with two ~i • «

Servants. Bothweii took

We went by the way of Moffat, Carlyle, Pynrith, Appleby, hlmth^Thk 0 ' 1
Stanmore, Borroubridge, and so on to Duncaster; from thence Hoh°oodhouse
I turned off the London Road and went directly to Lincoln, from whom his'
and from thence to Lyn Regis, for I was resolved to see thoughVuf
Houghton hall, 2 the seat of S r . Robert Walpole, in my way to havede5c ended.
Woolerton, the House of Mr. Horace Walpole, where my
friend Laurence Chartres lived. I was astonished at the
magnificence | of 'Houghton hall, and especially the furni- m. i 5 s.
ture, for amongst other things of vast valow I* observed a
prodigious collection of fine pictures by the best Masters.
I have written a journal of what I saw in this trip, and
therefor shall say nothing here about it, only that I staid with
my friend Mr. Chartres at Woolerton two days, and back with
him to Houton hall, where we bestowed a day more ; from
thence I went to the Viscount of Townsend"s House, 3 about 6

3 ' It was moved in Parliament, nth July 1704, that Alexander Bothweii, now
served and retoured heir to the last Lord Holyroodhouse may be marked on the
rolls of Parliament, conform to his precedency ; ' and it was ordered that the
writs for instructing thereof may lie in the clerk's hands, that the members may
have inspection thereof.' On the death of Alexander Bothweii, his son, Henry,
petitioned the king, 8th February 1734, to have his right and title to the honour
and dignity of Lord Holyroodhouse established. ' This petition was by his
Majesty's commands laid before the House of Lords, 20th March 1734, but no
determination was ever come to respecting it.' — Douglas's Peerage. His eldest
son, Alexander, the Baron's companion mentioned above, married, in 1735,
Lady Margaret, eldest daughter of Charles, sixth Earl of Home, and died with-
out issue.

" Houghton Hall, now the property of the Marquis of Cholmondeley, was
erected by Sir Robert Walpole in 1722, Thomas Ripley, its architect, working
from the designs of Colin Campbell. The noble collection of pictures were
catalogued by Horace Walpole in his sEdes Walpoliamz, London, 1747; and
the finest of them were sold in 1779 by George, Earl of Orforcl. to Catherine,
Empress of Russia, for ;^4° ; 555- A series of engravings from the pictures
was published by Boydcll in 17SS.

z Charles, second Viscount Townshend, succeeded his father, 16S7 ; was a
commissioner for the Union, 1706 ; along with Marlborough a plenipotentiary
tc treat with France, 1709 ; and President of the Council, 1720. He married
(1st) Elizabeth, sister of Thomas Pelham-Holies, Duke of Newcastle; and
(2nd) Dorothy, sister of Sir Robert Walpole, first Earl of Orford : and died 1738.
His Norfolk seat was Raynham Hall.

142

SIR JOHN CLERKS MEMOIRS

[1733

miles from it. This Lord had been my Acquaintance in
Leyden, having studied the Civil Law with him under pro-
fessor Vitriarius.

Here I was very kindly entertained, as I was like ways at
Houghton Hall and Woolerton, by Mr. Horace Walpole's
orders. I parted there with my Friend Chartres, after I had
given him such advices as I thought proper. He returned
back to the place he came from, and I went forwards to
London.

There I visited all my old acquaintances, particularly Mr.
Horace Walpole, who introduced me to his Brother, Sir
Robert. He was very civil, and entertained me with what he
had done, or was to do, about Houton hall.

I visited like ways all my friends about London, and was
frequently with the Earles of Burlington and Wilmington.
The last was at my first acquaintance with him, above 30
years before, only an Esquire of the Family of Northampton ; 1
then he was speaker of the House of Commons for two
Parliaments, each of which continued 7 years as by Law
appointed, and upon his growing very rich, and being weary
with the fatigues of his great station, he withdrew, and was
made an Earl. |

foi. 159. I was at Court several times, and at last, having made all
the Interest I cou'd with my English Friends and acquaint-
ances, I returned Home about the end of May. 2

1 See note 2 to page 125.

2 Among the Clerk papers there is a copy of a letter from the Baron to Roger
Gale, dated nth June 1733. 'Being come home I think it my duty to return
you my kind acknowledgements for all your civilities to me in London. Would
to God you would give me an opportunity to acknowledge them in another Way,
by y r our coming into this country, or send your son to me. It would be only an
affair of two Weeks trouble to yourself, and as for your sone I must begg leave
to insist on his comeing, as a Necessary piece of Travels, for we [viz., the two
countries of England and Scotland] shall unite the better both on Church and
State if our young people be better acquainted with one another. The old
saying, Turpe est percgrinari domi, will I hope hold good as to Scotland as well
as England, since our Interests as well as our territorie are inseparable. I shall
trouble you with a rout which you or your son may distinctly know the Way,
and where to Lodge in Edinburgh till I see you. [See Additional Note O.]

'After I left you I dined at Stiltoun and lay at Stamford. I came to the last
place about 7 in the afternoon, and after puting up at the Bull I went directly
to Dr. Stukeley. He was very kind and iook'd very smug and canonical. He

1734]

VISIT TO CARLISLE

143

I went through the circle of my occupations this year as 1734.
formerly, and amongst other things rejoiced that as a trustee
for the Manufactories I had the happiness to observe annually
some success, particularly in the Linen, for from 2,200,000
yards stamped, there was now between 4 and 5 millions of
yards. 1

The coarse wool manufactories did not succeed so well, yet
I found that all the coarse Wool of Scotland was some way
or other manufactured, which was the best success we cou'd
expect.

The Fisheries, notwithstanding all our care, never advanced,
and when manadged by the force of premiums I imagined they
did no more service to the country than other Improvements
which cost more than they are worth.

In Agust this year I was with my Wife, my eldest Daughter,
Ann, and my sones George and Patrick, at Drumcrief, and George was at
from thence all of us made a trip into England the length of broughtfrom
Carlyle. The ladies had the satisfaction to see a little of the Lout!er schooL
north of England, for they saw the first seat there, Corby
Castle, mentioned before, which belongs to Esquire Howard ;
they likeways had the pleasure to see a Cathedral at Carlyle,
and to hear the Church Musick there, which was all the}'
wanted.

We staid in England only 3 or 4 days, and returned back
to Drumcrief. |

In january and february 1735 I attended the business of the foi. 160.
Court as formerly, and as I had done in november and J 735-
december before.

About this time, my friend Laurence Chartres at Woolerton

suped with me that night, and next morning I breakfasted with him.' The
letter then describes the Roman coins shown him by Stukeley, and some in his
own collection ; and concludes, ' I had a letter from my son [James] upon my
return, dated at Rome in Aprile last, where he tells me that the modern Archi-
tecture is now turned into the gothick manner of the most polite taste. I hope
when he returns to London you will find him a greater virtuoso than his father.'

1 The books of the Board of .Manufactures {Accovipts of Linen Cloth stamped
in Scotland) show that, in the year ending 1st November 172S, 2,183,97s yards of
linen, valued at ,£1,033,312, 9s. 3d., were stamped by the Board; while in the
year ending 1st November 1734 the number of yards stamped was 4,893,499,
valued at 3C185, 224, 3s. 1 id.

144

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1735

turn d delirious upon drinking too much and prosecuting some
Love projects, wherefor his patron, Horace Walpole, carried
him to London, but upon this disgrace, being a man of great
spirit, he poisoned himself, deliberately as was supposed, with
too much Laudanum, for after sleaping very high (sic) for about
40 houres, his bedchamber was broken open and he was found
dead, and the glass which had contained the Laudanum standing
by him. Bv his Death I lost all the interest I cou'd propose
in the Walpole family. However, I have as much experience
in the Affaires of this World as to put my trust in no persone
or thing, all that passes here below is by the wise direction
and providence of Almighty God, and the Man is happy,
very happy, who can subdue his passions and inclinations,
calmly submitting to his fate, yet at the same time to neglect
no means that can with honour and honesty contribute to the
advancement of his Interest.

In Aprile this year I was at Drumlanrig for 10 days, as
usual, upon the Duke of Queensberrys affaires, and when these
were over I made a Trip to Galloway to visite my distressed
friends, My Lord and Lady Galloway, for a little before this,
... by Mv Ladv"s own negligence in a Garret, their House of

The principal . ° D ' .

seat of the' Glasertoun was burnt down to the ground. The Larl and his
fri. i 7 1 (stc). Ladv were retired, at that time, to the j Town of Whithern, 1

Family of where they had taken a House. I staid with them two days,
and came afterwards to Sorbie, where I visited my good old
friend the Brigadier, Brother to the Earl, and from thence I
came to Pouton, 2 where I got the Custom house boat to Kirk-
cubrifht. Next day I came to Drumfrise, and from thence bv
the way of Drumcrief to Pennicuik.

This vear my son George privately married my deceased
Brother William's Daughter, Dorothea Clerk. 3 I had no hand
or concern in the Match, but I hope it will prove a happy
Marriage to both. I never recommended her to George,
since I was her Tutor, but she had this advantage, that

1 Whithorn.

- Powton, about 9 miles south-east of Wigtown. Near it was erected Galloway
House, the seat of the Earls of the name. See folio 202.

r ' See before, page 134. See also Additional Note P, — The Estate of
Middlebie.

MARRIAGE OF HIS SON GEORGE

145

her Mother, before she died, frequently recommended George
to her.

As my s d . son seemed very intent to study the Law in
Leyden, and his Wife and he being too young to live together, 1
I sent him to Holand in January 1736, where he had the i;
advantage of staving with his eldest Brother James.

My son Patrick, tho 1 a very good Schollar and a fine
Mathematician, seemed fond of the Army, and therefor an
Ensign's Commission was bespoken for him in one Colonel
Handyside's Regiment of foot, at that time in Ireland, for
which I was to pay 400 tib. ster.

His Twin brother Hary had long before chosen the sea man
Trade for his occupation, and was at that time in Jamaica in
one of the King's ships, commanded by an excellent officer,
Captain Oliphant, who was very kind to him. 2 j

About the begining of this year my second Daughter, Bettie,/*
was married to Mr. Robt. Pringle, Advocat, of the family of
Stitchel. 3 My consent was not given to this Marriage, from
the notion I had that there was not a sufficiency between them
to make the Marriage state any way easy to them, but the
young Gentleman being a persone of great Honour and dili-
gence in his business, I am hopeful that they may do well
enough. Riches seldom or never give the expected content-
ment, those are only rich and happy who can live with con-
tented minds. One who lives within his Incomes is always
richer than he that lives beyond them, let his Quality and
incomes be never so great.

This Winter went over with me as others have done, without
any singular incidents.

In Aprile 1737 I was at Drumlanrig for 10 days, where 17
open Table was keept for all the Gentlemen of the Country, as
usual. My L d . Duke was always in London, and only Mr.

1 George Clerk was then aged twenty, and his bride was about seventeen.

2 See Additional Note Q,— Letter from the Baron when sending Patrick and
Henry to school.

3 The marriage was in February, see MS. Family Register. Robert Prinze,
son of Thomas Pringle, W.S., and grandson of Sir Robert Pringle, first baronet
of Stitchell, passed advocate in 1724; in 1748 was appointed sheriff-depute of
Banffshire ; and in 1754 was raised to the bench as Lord Edgefield. He died
in 1764.

146

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

[1737

Boyle, 1 Brother of the Earl of Glasgow, assisted me as one of
the Commissioners. There were 3 or 4 others who never
attended.

I found the Duke's Tenants as formerly very poor and not
very honest, tho' great pretenders to Religion of that kind
which, amongst the people of that Country, passes for the
strictest kind, tho 1 generally it consists in no more than hear-
ing of long sermons and prayers, and idleing away their Time
on° the sides of Hills, reading on hooks of Controversy and
Acts of the General Assemblies.

In May this year it pleased God to give my Wife and me a
Son in our old Age, for I was entering into the 62 year of my
foi. 173. Age, and my Wife about 51. We christned the Child by
the name of Adam, 2 after a worthy Friend of ours, Adam
Cockburn of Ormiston, Lord Justice Clerk. The boy seem"d
to be one of the strongest and liveliest of our Children at his
age.

My son George The Month of A2;ust this vear was so far lucky to me that
vl U rTom thiS I brought up the Coal-level at Mavisbank to the Town of
"abroad, but my T on ] ieac ] f rom whence I and my Successors have reasone to

son lames was ' , , J . . ij_

so earnest to expect considerable profits if the coal be manadged as it ought
somedmlm to be. There are leveled by it at least 14 seams of workable
Hoiand, that I i * Buldsden Park 3 to the Marches between the Baronies

was oblidged to , ., T 1

consent to his () f Lasw ade and Melvile, but. as to these matters, I Keep a

whhmuch 0 ' journal at Mavisbank, which ought to be diligently considered,
reluctancy, and " rpi • summer went over as usual, sometimes at Mavisbank

I feared ltwou d J ~ lx ' . .. , _ . „ T

beattendedwith anc { Edin.. and sometimes at Pennicuik and Drumcrief. in
SmVfemn^as December I fell into a kind of bloody Flux, which alarmed me,
time tohSidf. but u P on coming out to Pennicuik I grew immediately well.

i 73 a On my return to Town in Jan. 1738. the same disease
recurr'd, wherebv I discovered that the true cause of it was
ed phfsidanf 1 " the eating of oysters raw and drinking up the juice within the
they might have i i w hich is nothing but sea water. On this discovery I

done me mis- ' ° n , • , i • 0 ]

chief, for they forbore this practise, and my desease evanished m 6 clays.

1 The Hon. Patrick Boyle, of Shewalton, second son of David, first Earl of
Glasgow. He passed advocate in 1712; was raised to the bench as Lord
Shewalton in 1746 ; and died unmarried at Drumlanrig in 1761.

- 'Died abroad in the service of hib country.'— Douglas's Bardnage.

3 Bilston Park.

I/3S] BIRTH OF HIS SON ADAM 147

On the 8 of Feb. I entered into the 63 year of my A^e. and cou d not have
because this is commonly thought a fatal year, I began to SS'SSt
reflect on the state both of my mind and of my Body. m - v malatl . v -

I have not altogether so tenacious a j memory as I used toybi. i 74 .
have about my Age of 20 or 25, but cannot at all complain of This year i
it, few people have a better. I can read, write, and think sSdseveral
whole days with pleasure, but am usually more critical and S oenis , bo ' h in
nice, both as to my own performances and those of others Latine, of my
than I used to be, and for that reasone read nothing that and Kays
entirely pleases me. I have therefor carried things to so oreat S rZ e t ™\ E f ays '
a height that I dayly burn a good many things that wou"d some political
please others, and I should be inclined to burn every thing I Spimfef °"'
ever wrote, if it was not that I slum to read them over. A fosephlnthe
Latine History I have written, dc Rebus Britannids, is of this X ei s n of
kind, but because I am still in hopes to take so much time and ofEgypSSe
patience as to correct it, therefor it remains still undistroied. 2 lot so

As to the Health of my bodv I can nowavs complain, for I fitf °r the limes

u . I-, i *.,, , J 1 and I des-.red to

am seldom or never trubled with any deseases. except little spend the rest oj
slight feavers and colds in the Winter seasone, but which are so p^cefand
moderat that thev never confine me to the House above a dav q^^ 11653 . as

~\r T ,'. , • f[ar] removed

My .Legs continue as firm under me as ever since I broke from sche[mes]
one of them in my young days, as above. I ride commonly Sou^tbecale
at the shooting, but can walk two or 3 miles when incited bv °!> e ? in the

. peaceable

the dame. station of a

My Eyes began to fail at 48 years of Age, and then I judge '
scrupled not to make use of spectacles, tiie good effects of
which are, that I think my Eyes are now as good as then, and
that in day light I can read as well without them as with
them.

In ray fits of cold I have sometimes . a difficulty of breath-/""- *75-
ing, and astoping or Ratling in my Lungs, but these symptoms
go off. The greatest sensible decay I find about me is in my
Teeth, for I begin to lose some of them every year bv a kind of
scorbutick disposition in my Gums, for they fall out perfectly
white and entire.

1 That the ' Observations on the Prime-Ministry of Joseph in the Reign of
Pharaoh King of Egypt ' may have been a political satire seem= to be suggested
by the reasons he assigns for destroying it.

2 See page 84, and note 1 to page 85.

148 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1738

I was in Aprile at Drumlanrig, and in june and july at
Mavisbank as formerly.

About the seasone of planting I made the Avenue which
runs Southward from the House through the park of Cold-
shoulders ;! if the planting grow, and the Avenue terminat on
any object, as a porch or mine, it will make, in time, a very
good figure from the House, for 'tis to be observed that since
the House of Pennicuik is situated on a high, cold, wild
ground, it can no way be so much improven as by planting,
and some Houses to take off the dismal prospect of the moors.

In Agust I took a journey into Yorkshire to visite my friend
Ro^er Gale at his House of Scruton. A friend of my Wife's,
SirJames Holborn, 2 and my son Patrick, were, with me. We
set out by the way of Kelso'and Wooler Houghhead, 3 Morpeth
and Newcastle, and came to Durham, where we staid and heard
divine service at the Cathedral on a Sunday. From thence,
on the Munday, we went to Percebridge, 4 and from thence to
Scruton. Mv* good friend and his son made us very welcome,
joi. i 7 b. and next day he accom panied me to the famous Studley park
near Rippon, belonging to one Mr. Aiselbee, 5 who had bestowed
vast expenses on its embellishments, but this was all the return

1 This fine avenue, extending southwards from Penicuik House to above the
Esk, still exists.

2 Sir Tames Holburne of Menstrie, father of Admiral Francis Holburne, was
created "a baronet of Nova Scotia in 1706, and died in 1760. His father, James
Holburne of Menstrie, married Janet, daughter of John Inglis of Cramond,
and aunt of Lady Clerk, the Baron's second wife.

s Wooler, in Northumberland, on the declivity of the Cheviots, 46 miles
north-west of Newcastle-on-Tyne. The Haughead lies a little south of the town.

4 Pierce Bridge, about three miles north-west of Darlington.

5 John Aislabie, born 1670 ; fourth son of the registrar of the archi-episcopal
court of York. In 1695 he was elected member of parliament for Ripon ; he
represented Northallerton from 1702 till 1705 : and was again member for Ripon..
1705 till 1721. In 1714 he was appointed treasurer of the navy. On March
Sth, 1 721, he was pronounced guilty of ' most notorious, dangerous, and infamous
corruption,' in that he ' had encouraged and promoted the Dangerous and
Destructive execution of the South Sea scheme with a view to his own Exhorbi-
tant Profit,' and was expelled from the House, and next day he was committed
to the Tower. He was permitted to retain the property of which he had been
possessed on and before 20th Oct. 171S ; and on his release he retired to
Studley Royal, and occupied himself in improving his estates. He died 1742.

i/39]

THE GREAT FROST

149

he made the publick by his ruinous conduct of the South Sea
schem when he was a Lord of the Treasury in 1722.

Here I saw a perfect superfluity of Temples, Grotos, Parterre,
canals, and all other Embelishments, which seemed to become
a prince more than a privat Man. We dined at Rippon and
at night returned to Scruton.

I staid 3 days with my friend, and at last took journey
homewards by the way of Richmond, Gratebridge, 1 Brust, 2
Penrith, and Carlyle. I visited near this last place Corby
Castle, which I found my Acquaintance Esquire Howard had
vastly improven.

From Carlyle I came to Drumcrief, where I staid some days
with my son George and his wife, to whom 1 made over this
little Estate.

In Harvest I was at Pennicuik, and in nov. and December
ut supra.

I was at Edin. in January and february 1T39, in these two The Great
Moneths and December before there was the most severe frost Frost m J "
in this country that perhaps was ever felt. 3 All the grass was
covered with a vast load of snow for 6 weeks at least, and all
the springs and Rivers were frozen up. The consequence of
all which was that much of our Wild Fowl and Birds died for
cold and want of meat, particularly we lost all our Duke and
Drake, all our Snipes, Woodcocks, Mavises, etc. I have seen
in my time Duke and Drake in every Loch and pool, | and in/d. i 77 .
every bog 3 or 4 dussan of Snipes, the Woods, particularly

1 Greeta Bridge, four miles south-west of Barnard Castle.
- Brough.

3 The celebrated frost of the years 1739-4° N.S., see Arnot's History of Edin-
burgh, pp. 210, 2ii. ' In the beginning of this year (1740) the weather was re-
markably severe. The cold was so intense, that above Alloa the Forth was
entirely frozen over ; nay, there was even a crust of ice at the Queen's-ferry. By
the mills being stopped, a great dearth was occasioned ; by the vast quantities of
snow upon the ground, coals were brought into the town with difficulty, and
several persons perished with cold.' For an account of the effects of the frost
in London, commemorated in several contemporary engravings, see Andrew's
Famous Frosts (London, 1S87), pp. 44-51. A fair was held on the frozen
Thames, an ox being roasted whole on the ice, and a printing-press kept
in active operation. It was in 1740 that the Empress Anne of Russia erected
her famous ice-palace on the banks of the Neva.

150

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1739

N.B. This loss that at Mavisbank, had in it hundreds of Mavises, and in the

was not re- -- r .

covered at re- Winter time plenty of Woodcocks, now all these poor creatures
JStni 1745.^" were destroied, and found by dussans in several places. 1

On the 13 of this Month of January 1739 a very memorable
Hurricane' 2 hapned in a stream of Wind from the South West
which spread about 10 or 12 miles in breadth from sea to sea.

I was then at Pennicuik with my Family, and never doubted
but to be burried in the ruins of my house. It began about
eleven of the night, and continued till about one next morning.
Most of all my old Trees were quite destroied, some broken by
the middle parts, and some blowen out of the ground. In a
word I lost 1400 Trees, for I caused the computation to be
made, and, which was exceedingly odd, some Trees were
blowen down in the middle of some left standino-.

It is certain that nothing like it ever hapned in Scotland for
200 years past, for as I had a plantation of that Age about the
House of Brunstane, they had all stood in their rowes since
their first plantation till this unhappy day, whereas, if any
such hurricane had hapned, as above, the defects had easily-
been discovered in their several roues.

One thing I admired extreamly that amongst other Trees
standing pretty thick I had one Ash Tree of my Fathers
planting about 60 years ago, which was about 18 inches in
diameter, sound and high. This Tree was twisted in the
middle and broken, which I do not believe that 100 Men with
all their strength cou'd have done, j
foi. 178. How the Roof of the House of Pennicuik hapned then to
resist this storm is more than I can account for; however,
many other Houses and chimnies were blowen down, and for

1 Ornithology was one of the many subjects in which the Earon was interested.
See his letter to Gale. 13th April 1730; his 'Observations upon the Flight and
Passage of Fowls' in a letter to Gale, January 30, 1730-1 ; ' Remarks ' on the
same by John Machin, Secretary of the Royal Society; and ' Observations on
the Remarks' by Clerk, and his letter on the same subject, 31st March 1731.
-Nichols' Bibliothcca Topographica Britannica: Reliquia Galcaiia:, vol. iii.
pp. 260-82.

An account of this storm—' the most violent hurricane (with lightning)
ever felt' in Edinburgh— will be found in the Scots Magazine, vol. i. It
followed on an eclipse of the moon, and raged from one to four on the morning
of the 14th of January 171°.

1739] VISIT T0 NORTH OF SCOTLAND 151

the most part all the Houses in the stream of the Wind were
uncovered.

I cannot but here mention another memorable thing, viz.,
that all the fine shrubs in this country, particularly the Rose-
mary, were, by the hardness of the Winter, quite destroied.
'Till then Rosemary grew on all the south braes of Mavisbank
like Broom, and the Bees fed plentifully on it, but in the great
frost I had not one single stalk preserved of it, nor had they
any in all Scotland that I cou'd hear of, except a small bush
which grew on the outside of the kitchen wall at Edmiston,
within 2 miles of Edin. We were then all oblidged to get
Rosmary seed from Spain, and I got a stalk or two of what
grew at Edmiston, 1 and brought up a stock from the seed.

In May this year I took a resolution to see the northern
parts of this Country, where I had never been, and for that
end I set out with my son George and one of my neighbours,
Mr. Dewer of Vogrie, 2 to Inverness.

We lay a night at Perth, and from thence by the way of
Dunkel came to General Wade's high road, which I pursued to
Ruth ven in Badenoch, where it ended. This Road leads by
the Blair of Athole through the middle of the Highlands, and
was made only 2 or 3 years before. I traveled it in a chaise,
and found all the parts of this useful way exceedingly good.

I staid at Inverness 2 or 3 days, and was very civilly enter-
tained by Duncan Forbes of Colloden, 3 president of the session,
at his seat there. | From thence I took journey homewards byS*?- w
the Coast way, where I saw Nairn, Forress, Elgine, Bamff,
Fochabrs, Gordon Castle, and the fine new House building for
the Irish Lord or Scotish Laird of Bracoe. 4

1 Edmonstone, near Liberton, a seat of the Don-Wauchopes.

- Vogrie. in the parish of Borthwick, Midlothian, acquired by the family of
Borthwick about the beginning of the eighteenth century.

s Duncan Forbes of Culloden. Born 1685. He rendered important service
to the Government during the rebellions of 17 15 and 1745 5 was appointed
Lord- Advocate in 1725, and Lord President of the Court of Session in 1737 ;
died 1747. His uncle, Sir David Forbes of Newhall, had married the Baron : s
aunt. See page 1 10, note J .

4 William Duff of Braco and Dipple ; born 1697. In 1735 he was created
Baron Braco of Kilbride, in the county of Cavan, Ireland, and in 1759 Viscount
Macduff and Earl Fife in the peerage of Ireland. Died 1763. Duff House was
completed in 1745 at a cost of /^o.ooo.

152

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1739

I visited in my way to Aberdeen my good old Friend the
Earl of Aberdeen, with whom I dined.

At Aberdeen I staid two days, and was very kindly enter-
tained by the Magistrates and Professors of the two Colleges
there. From Inverness to Aberdeen the different Tempers of
the Inhabitants were very remarkable to me, for till I came to
the confines of Aberdeenshire I found all the people idle, and
no other business o;oing on but that of smufflins and drinking,
except in Strathspey, where there is a vast deal of yarn spun
by some verteous people who are Tenants to the Family of
Grant in Aberdeen, and all the shire over every body from 5
years of age, male and female, was emploied in kniting of
stockings, of which they drive a considerable Trade.

The salmon and other fishes yeald, indeed, a considerable em-
ployment to some all along the northern coast, but this branch
of Trade does not employ the 40 th part of the Inhabitants.
From Aberdeen I returned to Edin. by the way of Brichen,
At Kinard, the Kinaird, Panmore, and Dundee, very well satisfied with what
5m§y of * nac * seen ' anc ^ fr° m thence observed that no man can employ
Southesk before a little of his time to better purpose than in making himself

tne Rebellion, . . . . 11 °

I saw a very acquainted with his own Country, for he can either lairn from
m. iSo. those he meets with, ; or do service by endeavouring to instruct
them.

In june and July I attended the Exchequer as usually, and
Moratti. in the meantime lived with most of my Family at Mavisbank.

In Agust my learned friend Roger Gale of Scruton, 2 and
one Doctor Knight, 3 one of the king's chaplains, came to Scot-
land to see the country and make me a visite.

nne Dicture 1
the L d Mail
land, by Carolo

1 This picture cannot now be identified. There is a portrait of the Duke of
Lauderdale at Kinnaird Castle ; but Lord Southesk informs me that this is
believed to be a copy from an original presented by his grandfather or great-
grandfather to the Lauderdale family.

2 See Additional Note O, — Baron Clerk and the Restoration of Rosslyn
Chapel : Date of its Foundation.

3 Samuel Knight, D.D. ; born 1675 ; studied at Trinity College, Cambridge ;
was presented to the vicarage of Chippenham, Cambridge, 1770, and to the
rectory of Bluntisham, Huntingdonshire, 1 7 1 7 ; was appointed chaplain to
George II. in 1731, and became a prebend of Lincoln, 1742. About 1717 he
was one of the refounders of the Society of Antiquaries ; and he was author of
a Life of Dr. John Colei, Dean of Si. Paul's, 1724, and a Life of Erasmus,
1726. Died 1746.

1739]

VISIT TO WHITEHAVEN

153

They staid with me some days, both at Pennicuik and
Mavisbank, and I waited on them back to Carlyle in their way
homewards. From this place I thought it might be useful to
me to go to "Whitehaven, about 30 miles westward, to visite
the Coal works of S r James Louder 1 there. I made this trip
with great satisfaction, but the way to the place being for
many miles through a good but uncultivated country, I cou'd
not but reflect that it was the hight of folly to send away
numerous Colonies of Men and Women to the West Indies
when even England produced vast tracts of Ground which go
under the name of Commons, where nothing of Culture or
good management appears.

At Whitehaven I took notice that Sir Ja. Louder, by the
meer force of money, was working a field of Coal under the
sea, which neither he nor any man else had ever attempted but
from ignorance and a vast stock of llichess, for no man but he
who is reckoned the Richest Commoner in England cou'd ever
have imagined that a field of 2 or 3 miles square of coal cou^d
be wrought under the sea, where the least crevise, sit(?), or break
in the strata above wou'd drown all his men and his coal in a
few minutes. \ It is very rare to find strata of that solidity M- lSl -
and consistency as to keep togither for 5 or 10 yards. I
told S ir James so much, and I found that he made of these
coal works 5000 Kb. clear money yearly, tho" they were all
wrought at a vast expense by fire Engines and other Machines,
for tho'' he had none of the sea water coming down upon him,
vet he had a great abundance of other water from springs and
old Wasts. I observed like ways at Whitehaven that they had
several seams of Coal besides what was wrought under the sea,
and saw evidently that these were the very same with the
Newcastle seams or strata which, with some interruptions, run
from thence to the W r est sea. I refer the rest to a particular
account I wrote of this Trip, which I found had been useful
to me. 2

1 Sir James Lowther, fourth and last baronet of Whitehaven ; M. P. for
Cumberland 170S to 1722, and 1727 till his death in 1755.

'-' The Baron wrote a more particular account of his visit to Whitehaven and
of the coal-works there to Roger Gale. The letter, dated from Penicuik, 19th
August 1739, will be found in Nichols' Bibliothcca Topographica Britannica :

154

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1739

I and my son George, and my companion, S ir James
Holborn, 1 returned homewards by the way of Bulness, which
some take to be the antient Blattum Bulgium. 2 I saw here
with great pleasure very considerable remains of the Antient
Roman stone Wall built by the Emperor Severus, which
comes all along west from Newcastle, as I have noticed above.

We crossed over Sol way frith at this place when it was low
water, and found no difficulty in our passage, tho 1 always
dangerous except in summer.

From thence we came to Anan, and from thence to Drum-
frise, where my son George and his wife had taken up their
residence.

foi. 182. On my return to Pennicuik I lived as formerly, | and in
October thereafter it pleased God to return to us my eldest son
James. This incident gave his Mother and me very much
satisfaction, and the more that he did not return the worse for
his Travels like several of our young Gentlemen. All they
lairn abroad is to know how to spend what they have with

M h av ; fbanT C a e n d f m ° re P ro ^ ls ^ on ar >d to nave an invincible aversion to their
ail my other Country.

This summer, 1739, I put the finishing hand to Mavisbank.

Reliquia Galeana, vol. iii. pp. 326-33. ' I staid all Saturday in this town
[Whitehaven], and saw everything that deserves to be seen : the greatest
curiosity is Sir James Lowther himself. Whenever his death happens, it will
be much felt by the people of this place ; for when the money comes to be
divided, the coal will be set in farm and consequently brought to the verge of
ruin. '

1 This is the first mention of these companions having accompanied him on
this expedition to the south.

- Gordon writes that, having visited Kirkland and Fesa-Cross, « After this I
found another Watch-Tower 66 Foot square ; 365 Paces beyond that, the Wall
measures 8 Foot of a perpendicular Height : and thus both the Wall and the
Ditch, continuing distinct and plain, run a little more Westerly to Bulness, or
Blatiunbulgium, at which Place the last Fort upon the Wall is to be seen where
it ends. And thus I finished my Survey, from three Miles beyond Newcastle, on
the German Ocean, to this Place of Bulness, on the Sol-way Frith, or Irish
St&.'—Itinerarium, p. 82. Among the Clerk papers is a Mr,, of fourteen folio
pages, with sketches of inscriptions, etc., titled ' Ane Account of Some Roman
Antiquities observed at Bulness upon Sol way Frith in Cumberland, with some
remarks on the Roman Wall to be seen there.' Its prefatory remarks indicate
that it was prepared by the Baron as a communication to a learned society,
probably the Society for the Improvement of Learning and Philosophy, men-
tioned at folio IQ2.

improvements

1739]

MAYISBANK FINISHED

155

It has cost me first and last a good deal of money, but as it was defraied by
was finished by degrees from the year 1723 I never much felt i may honesty

the weight of it. averr that I

° , never spent one

In november and decemb r I attended the business of the farthing of my
Exchequer as formerly. In january 17-10 my Daughter Jean fws\vayl E TMy]
was married, I hope happily, to Mr. Ja. Smollet of Bonhill. la^ofth .
Advocate, son of Commisar Smollet. 1 Exchequer did

About the time the publick disorders and Animosities in answereail the"
Great Britain came to a very great height. S ir llobt. Walpole. %u£gma y
who had been first minister to King George the first ever since other embeiiish-

i i • i • i i t<r • i nients either at

the year 1 (%x, continued m the same degree of favour with Pennycuik,
King George the 2 d , and this constancy to one man begot a eisTwhere^nd
great many Ennemies, who publicklv professed themselves to Ihadafixed

, . , . ' ii i i r i-i principle that

be patriots, but inwardly were such onlv wlio, fretted with what I got from
envy at S ir Kobert, pretended all was in disorder, because they b^hoved^in
and their Friends had been for so many vears excluded from justice to be laid

• • out in the main-

those favours which are always engrossed by those who best tenance of the
can support the ; dignity and authority of the prime Minister. country. my

The clamours of these patriots rose so high that at last the/o/. is 3 .
Country began to think them in earnest, and this produced an
alteration of measures upon the Elections for a new parliament
in 1711. In a word, tho* the king had a verv great regard to
S ir Robert, yet being at that time engaged in a War with
Spain, he was forced, like many former British kings, to take
himself to that party that cou"d best support him in the War.
For tho 1 it is a prerogative of the Crown to make War as well
as peace, yet it is of no significance when it is in the option of

1 James Smollett, son of George Smoliett, styled of Inglestone, in the county
of Edinburgh, commissary of Edinburgh, and provost of Dumbarton, and his
wife Katherine, a daughter of Sir Hugh Cunningham of Bonnington, provost of
Edinburgh ; and grandson of Sir James Smollett of Bonhill. lie was admitted
an advocate in 1733, and was a commissary of Edinburgh and sheriff-depute of
Dumbartonshire. He succeeded his cousin in the estate of Bonhill in 173S : and
in 1763 purchased the estate of Cameron from Colonel Charteris of Amisfieid.
and was there visited by Tobias Smollett, the novelist, his cousin, in 1766, a
visit commemorated in Humphrey Clinker, and by Dr. Johnson in 1773, as
recorded in Boswell's Life, He died, without issue, in 1776, and bequeathed his
books to aid in founding a parochial library for the use of the parishes of Bon-
hill, Dumbarton, and Cardross. See Irving's Book of Dumbartonshire, vol. ii.
p. 1S6.

156

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

the House of Commons of Great Britain to support a War or
not by giving or denying the necessary subsides.

S ir Robert, on the siting down of this new parliament, saw
it wou'd be in vain to strugle against the Tyde by some Essays
he had made of the strength of his own Friends at some of the
Particularly principal Elections, and therefor fairly told his Maiestv that

that of Chipin- - 1 .. J . J J .

ham, thohe now he could serve him no more, lo avoide, then, the noise,
Law b a °nd the clamour, and danger that he saw he wou'd meet with if he con-
common justice tinued in the House of Commons, he easily procured a patent

on his side.* ^

from his Majesty creating him Earl of Orfoord. Thus he
went up to the House of Peers, and that he might the better
foi. i2+ ballance the loss which his | Royal Master might sustain in the
House of Commons, he carried with him one Mr. Poltney, 2 the
head of the patriot party, who was created Earl of Bath.

1 ' A question on the Chippenham election was carried against the minister by
a majority of one, 237 against 236, and the party gained so considerable an
accession, by the desertion or absence of several members of the Court party, that
the final decision of the Chippenham election was carried against the minister
(2d February 1741-2), by a majority of 16, 241 against 225. Walpole seemed to
have anticipated this event, and met it with his usual fortitude and cheerfulness.
While the tellers were performing their office, he beckoned Sir Edward Bayntun,
the member whose return was supported by opposition, to sit near him, spoke to
him with great complacency, animadverted on the ingratitude of several indi-
viduals who were voting against him, on whom he had conferred great favours,
and declared that he should never again sit in that House. On the 3d of Feb-
ruary the House adjourned at the king's command, signified by the Chancellor,
to the 18th. On the 9th, Sir Robert Walpole was created Earl of Orford, and
on the nth he resigned.' — Coxe's Walpole, vol. i. p. 695.

2 William Pulteney, born 1682 ; Secretary at War, 17 14- 17 ; created Earl of
Bath, 13th July 1742; died 1758. A main aim of Walpole at this time was
' to detach Pulteney, who then headed the Whigs in opposition, from the
Tories. ' He accordingly ' advised the king to form a Whig administration, and
suggested the propriety of applying to Pulteney. One of the greatest difficulties
under which he laboured in the course of this political transaction, was to
conquer the king's repugnance to Pulteney, which at this time seemed almost
insuperable, and to persuade his Majesty to commence the negotiation, and
acquiesce in Pulteney's expected demand of a peerage. Having at length
overcome the king's pertinacious inveteracy, he said to his son Horace, " I have
set the king upon him," and at another time, in the further progress of the
king's compliance, he triumphantly said, making at the same time a motion
with his hand as if he were locking a door, " I have turned the key of the
closet upon him." After various negotiations, Pulteney named the Earl of
Wilmington, First Lord of the Treasury; Sandys, Chancellor of the Exchequer ;
Carteret, Secretary of State ; Sir John Rushout, Gibbon, and Waller, Lords
of the Treasury ; a new Board of Admiralty, including Sir Tohn Hynde Cotton ;

1742]

FALL OF WALPOLE

157

He was succeeded in his prime Ministry by one Lord But Lord
Carteret, who, tho 1 a man of great parts, has not those pSoSmuch
personal regards paid to him which S ir Robert Walpole had. moreacquaimed

r Tif f • l o- w ' t_n foreign

I had the fortune or a very long acquaintance with b ir Affaires, and in
Robert, having been a Member of Parliament with him in ^"er persone,
1708, immediatly after the Union. 1 * han Sir Robert

i . . for a pubhck

He was a good-natured agreable man as ever I knew in my Minister, but
Life, and for his acquired parts no body coifd go beyond him. were such 6 '"™''
He was bred a Lawer, and as lie came into parliament very Machiavehan

' _ i • politicians as to

early, some years before I knew him, he laid himself out to make a je[st] of
understand the general constitution of his Country, the forms tr[acts]and
of parliament, and circumstances of the publick Revenue in all p"f jif^or 1115
its branches, above any Man in England. He was likeways privat, from
naturally very Eloquent, and spoke with a freedom and dignity the phrase
which no Man had in so great a perfection as himself. With ^ °^ e ned
these qualifications and a natural Talent of Application, he time that Man
brought about these great Events which afterwards hapned. for [indeed?]

. >>> A ft '

he not only brought himself into favour with King George the honoured 1
first but was deemed the greatest supporter of the Roval conscience, and

V . 1 . * irom the[ncej a

Dio-nitv that was to be found amongst all the Ivmgs subjects, general con-

tentDt of ill

His great Talents of Eloquence and Knowledge of all the affaires bm'paxty^

belonging to the Treasury and House of Commons brought

him up to be prime Minister under the Title of Chancellor of

the Exchequer, j and to this dignity was added that of being/"- 7 - 185.

created a Knight of the Garter tho" a Commoner. In this

station he continued to the periode above mentioned, and in

the mean time greatlv enriched himself, family, and friends.

His chief maxim of state was to propagate peace at any rate
with all the nighbouring kingdoms, well knowing that it wou"d
not be in his power to support a War by reasone of his Adver-
saries in Parliament. This accordingly hapned, for when a
War was entered into against Spain in 1739, and which was

and the Marquis of Tweedale, Secretary of State for Scotland. For himself
he demanded only a peerage and a seat in the Cabinet.' — Coxe's Walpole,
vol. i. pp. 69S-99, and 702.

1 On the death of his father, Walpole was elected member for Castle Rising,
which he represented in the two last Parliaments of King William. In the first
Parliament of Queen Anne he was returned for Lynn Regis, which he represented
till he was created Earl of Orford. In 170S, the date mentioned above, he was
appointed by Marlborough Secretary at War.

153

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1740

undertaken much against his Inclinations, 1 his power from that
time began to decline, as the patriots took every day fresh
S r Robert afw occas i° ns to complain, for, as they pretended that either the
rk fal L was not ' publick money was not manadged to purpose or the War with
Ministers, in Spain neglected, still the clamour against S r Robert continued.

hiSJSX^Se Thus fel1 tllis Great Man > but he fel1 without any disgrace, for
King, for he the same men who envied and hated him on account of his

continued loved . .

and honoured prime ministry had a very great regard to Ins personal merits
Famih^and^ 11 ana " other excellent qualifications.

tho'hesome- j} u t at the same time the Ministry was changed the credite

times retired to " D

his ... in Nor- of Patriotism fell, for a great many of those who had exclaimed
consuited^Vaif against S ir Robt. Walpoles measures, and declared themselves
important f or Triennial Parliaments, and against standing Armies, came

affaires, and » ,

even by his sue- into all the measures of the Court, and, upon coming into
Carteret. 16 L ° rd Offices, seemed by their conduct to approve of the same things
Itwou'dbe against which thev had formerly exclaimed.

happy for all i» . . . ~, . T _,

the people of -tJut to return to my own privat affaires, I spent the bpnng
heSorthlhey seasone of the year 1640 2 as before, and my Wife and I went
foi. 1S6. to pay a visite in Agust to our son George and j his Wife
v.-ou d beiieye a ^ Drumcrief, and that same month I went to look after some

what publick '

British Patriot- of the D. of Queensberry , s affaires at Drumlanrig.
nothing but a In the Month of September my son Patrick was kindly but
S'chiiSfies unfortunately invited by my Lord Cathcart 3 to go to the West
self-interest and Indies with him upon an Expedition which his Ldp. was to

Rou[g]ery. , 1 1 1

command.

N.B. This T-i'iii -r»iT . .

summer I Patrick had a very great genius for the Ingeneenng business.

i C kde e Hutat the 1 had bred him abroad in Flandrs, and as he was naturally
the head of very industrious, he made drawings of all or most part of the

Dvknook Rig in „ J . _ . . 0 1

the moor of frontier lowns. 13}' so doing he made himself very acceptable
t^Tpreservadon ^° the officers of the Army, particularly the great Duke of
of the Game Argvle and Lord Cathcart. He imbarqued with his Ldp. at

a.ncl °"£ive it the ' *-

name of the the Isle of Wight, and sailed as one of his Aids de Camp and
and'the Ladies Chief Engeneers on the 24 Octr. 1740.

1 He is reported to have said, when the church bells were pealing to celebrate
the tidings that war had been declared, ' They may ring the bells now, before
long they will be wringing their hands.'

2 Evidently a slip of the pen for 1740-

3 Charles, eighth Lord Cathcart, born about 1686, distinguished himself at
Sheriftmuir by a cavalry charge which routed the left wing of Mar's army. He

DEARTH IN SCOTLAND

159

At the same time his Twin Brother, Henry, bred to the sea, of Pennicuik
was made a Liutenant in a 70 Gun ship called the Prince of dine once or
Orange. This ship set out with the rest of the Fleet under yelrat % 'S
the Lord Cathcart, but by a violent storm was blowen in to ft^foLulted
Lisbon. Thus the two Twin Brothers, of whom I had great and ideated
hopes, were divided, and never saw one another more. gfve Sy consent

In november and december I attended the Exchequer at SisElpedftion,
Edin., and about this time began a very "Teat Dearth of and never con - '

i sented to it, but

provisions as was ever known in Scotland for above 40 vears on the contrary

past protested
* ' ' against it.

The Magistrate of all the Towns in Scotland did all they ^ A £ tthe

i 1 f> . l n , , . , - above hunting

coud tor The support of their poor, and the Country Gentle- Hut at the head
men contributed very great sums for their relief, particularly Rig ifvST° 0k
in the shire of Edin.; but I found that when a plentiful m V"' u

tt i -, 1 and two three

Harvest succeeded, we were so far from receiving thanks from Ladies ... some
the Country people whose Lives we had supported, that they diSedon the'i6
were either insensible or ungrateful for the favours we had - iuly I754- We

j j_i ii-i savv 2 or 3

done them, and, winch was a strange delusion, tho" we hadyw. 187.

brought from England and Holand many thousands of bolls cov[ies]

to support them, yet they asserted that all was done for our catche^afew:

own private advantages, not believing it possible that Ave had

bought Victuel for them at a S (! or a 4 th dearer than we sold it

to them, and yet this methode of providing for them cost the

gentlemen of this shire above 2000 lib. ster. 2

This year I began to inclose the Grounds on the north side
of Pennicuik called the Glaskils, 3 but hitherto I have found
that our Scotch Tenants are so far from understanding or
encouraging Inclosures that they take all the pains in the world
to destrov them.

This year I likeways finished at my own charges the steeple
of the Kirk of Pennicuik, 4 which had been begun 7 vears before,

was appointed commander-in-chief of the expedition against the American
dominions of Spain, but died at sea, 20th December 1740.

1 This summer-house still exists in a good state of preservation.

- The dearth led to riots in Edinburgh. Leith, Musselburgh, Prestonpans, etc.
See Scots Magazine, vol. ii. pp. 4S2-S4, and 577 ; and vol. iii. pp. 45-6, and
142-43-

:; Gaskhill, ndrth-west of the town of Penicuik.

4 In 1743 t - ne Baron addressed a memorandum to the Kirk-Session regarding
the allocation of church-seats, in which he claimed two-thirds of the entire space.

160 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1741

and I carried on some part of the Bridge within my inclosures
at a place which has got the name of Montesina' , s cave.
1741. In january this year I continued my improvements at Penni-
cuik house, as I have done constantly above 30 years, and for
that end had 7 or 8 men always imploied to drain, ditch, or
hedge, especially in the spring seasons. 1

The business of the Exchequer went on as formerly, but our
Chief Baron was still absent. This year I lookt at a Manu-
script History I had written in Latine, de Imperio Britannico
but found it such an unlickt cub that I had no heart and no
time to revise it with that accurracy which it wou'd have
required, but still I hope to live to do it and make it useful
to posterity, there being no facts represented in it but what
I believe to be true, j 2
/oi. 188. This year the new parliament, as before mentioned, being

Some [sic] of met, the ministry were changed, and amongst other new
Ministers the Marquise of Twedale 3 was made Secretary of
State for Scotland, an office which no body had enjoied for
about 14 years before, when it was held by the Duke of Rox-
bruo;h. 4 But I must ffo a little back to notice that the Duke of
Queensberry and the Dutchess attended the new Elections in

She was an Drumfrise shire, and were violent against the ministry, but as

active Lady, ' ° .

and a great I cou'd not by law be chosen a member of parliament, so I
kt'e^iinistry! 16 thought it no ways my business to join in a party or bussy

stating that in 1733 he had built an aisle to the church ; that the whole steeple
was built by him at considerable charge, and it was from the church only he
could have access to it ; and that the bell was a gift by his grand-uncle. He
also mentions that the under part of the steeple had hitherto been used as a
temporary prison for rogues and thieves. See Wilson's Annals of Penicuik,
pp. 77-S, where a view of the old church and steeple, or rather tower, is given :
also A List of Improvements, printed at the end of the present MS.

1 See Additional Note R, — Scheme for Improvement of the Barony of
Penicuik. " See pages 84 and 147 ; also page 85, note l .

3 John, fourth Marquis of Tweeddale, succeeded his father 1715. He became
principal Secretary of State for Scotland in February 1742, on the resignation of
Sir Robert Walpole, and resigned in January 1746, when the office was abolished.
,He died 1762.

4 ' He joined Lords Carteret and Cadogan in attempting to remove Sir Robert
Walpole and Lord Townshend. for which he was dismissed from his place of
Secretary of State, 25th August 1725. — Douglas's Peerage. According to Haydn
{Book of Dignities), Charles, Earl of Selkirk, was Secretary of State for Scotland
in 1731.

1 74i] ELECTIONS IN DUMFRIESSHIRE 161

my self about Elections. 1 However, both the Duke and
Dutchess, 2 when they came to Edin., were twice at my House
of Pennicuik and Mavisbank.

About this time I was anxiously concerned for my two sons,
Patrick and Henry, and at last got letters from them. The
first, after regreting his misfortune, acquainted me with the
Death of the good Lord Cathcart, who, if he had lived, might
have prevented the disputes which afterwards fell out between
Admiral Vernon 3 who commanded the Fleet, and General
Wentworth 4 who commanded the Troops, at the siege of
Carthagena.

Hary acquainted me in his letter of the disaster that had
befallen the Prince of Orange Man of War, in which he was,
at Lisbon, and that he had almost been killed by the fall of
the main mast in a storm.

I had a letter soon after from Patrick at Jamaica, wherein
he acquainted me of his having been very ill, but that he was

1 A proof, however, of the care with which the Baron watched the political
events of his time is furnished by a MS. , preserved among the Clerk papers,
partly in his autograph, partly in the hand of an amanuensis, written in the
character of 'A Gentleman of Holland,' and defending the Excise Bill of 1733,
and other measures of Walpole's Administration.

- ' Kitty beautiful and young
And wild as colt untam'd.'

See note 3 , page 130.

3 Edward Vernon, whose father was a Secretary of State under William and
Mary, was born in 16S4. In 1702 he served under Hopson in the engagement
with the French at Vigo, and under Rooke in the fight off Malaga, 1704.
In 1739 he was appointed vice-admiral of the blue, and commander of the
squadron despatched to the West Indies against the Spaniards. He sailed from
Spithead, 23d July; and attacked and captured Porto Bello, 20th November. In
the spring of 1741 he made an unsuccessful attempt on Carthagena. of which
Smollett, who accompanied the expedition, has given a graphic account in
Roderick Random. During the Rebellion of 1745 Vernon guarded the coasts of
Kent and Sussex. Soon after, his name was struck off the list of admirals, for
his appointment of a gunner in opposition to one recommended by the Lords of
the Admiralty. He was chosen member for Penryn, Cornwall, in 1727 ; and for
Ipswich, Sussex, 1741, 1747, and 1757 ; and died in 1757.

4 Brigadier-General Thomas Wentworth. He was promoted Lieutenant-
General in I745> an -d m tne same year was appointed colonel of the Horse, late
Field-Marshal Lord Viscount Cobham's. In 1746 he was president of the
court-martial which tried and acquitted Colonel Durand in connection with
the surrender of Carlisle to the rebels ; and he died ' at the Court of Turin : in
1747-

162

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

then very well recovered, and going with the rest of the Troops
to the Siege of Carthagena.

foi. iZo. I expected with impatience to hear of the good success of
this Enterprise and of Patrick's perfect health, but instead of
that, had the melancolly account from one Captain Lin, whose
comrade my son was, that lie died in his arms of the sickness
he formerly contracted at Jamaica, and that the little recovery
of his health, which he pretended to when he left Jamaica, was
only to be allowed the liberty of accompanying the General in
the intended Expedition.

On this sad news, not only my Wife and I, but all the
Family, abandoned our selves to the greatest grief and truble
imaginable, for we had always lookt upon him as the rising
hope of our family, or at least with no small pleasure and
vanity, for besides the great parts and Genius he was possessed
of, he was otherways a very proper, handsome young Man as
one cou'd see. I continued to mourn many days for him, and
cou'd not help frequently crying with King David when he
lost his son Absalom, 0 my son, my son Peter, wou'd to God
I had died for thee !

He resembled very much my eldest son John, in all his
manner as well as his persone, and died much of the same Age,
being 22 rears and 8 months old.

I have reasone in the mean time to be thankful to God that
he died much honoured, respected and regretted by all the
military Men who were acquainted with him, for many chil-
dren die who are a disgrace to their parents. By the favour
of his Colonel, Col. Handyside, he keept his Ensigncy in
England, and in the above-mentioned Expedition he served
as one of the chief Engineers.

foi. iqo. As to the Expedition itself, it was altogether a foolish, mad
project, for tho* we had gained the Town of Carthagena, all
our Men must have died in keeping of it, for tho* the constitu-
tion of a Spaniard may bear with such a warm climat. yet the
people of Great Britain cou'd have keept it no longer than to
burrv one another. I am thankful of one thing, that when
Patrick wou'd have advised me by a letter to suffer him to go
to America with my L' ! . Cathcart, I absolutely refused my
consent at first, and at last, upon his reiterated requests, I

1 74 1] THE CARTHAGENA EXPEDITION

163

wrote to him that tho 1 I coucl not consent, yet I woifd not
hinder him to do in it as he thought fit.

After this unfortunat Expedition, the British Fleet returned
to Jamaica ; and upon some differences that fell out between
the Admiral and the General, both were recalled, while at
least 4 or 5000 men died under their conduct, for by the bye,
the General was a raw, unexperienced officer, and the Admiral
was a forward, interprising kind of Mad Man, very fit to com-
mand a small squadron on a dangerous expedition, but no
ways cut out to command the British fleet.

This same year, but before I had the account of the Death
of my son Patrick, my son James desired liberty to go to
London to improve himself the best way he cotrd, but he staid
not long there when he importuned me for liberty to go over
and see the solemnities at Francfort, for choising a new
Emperor on the Death of Charles the 6th, who had succeeded
his Father Leopold, and afterwards his Brother Joseph, in the
Empire of Germany. 1 |

I consented, tho"' very unwillingly, but I saw I couM not joi
help it.

About the end of summer I received a letter from my son
Hary at Jamaica, confirming his Brother's Death, and he sent
me a journal left amongst his papers, containing an account of
all that was done at the siege of Carthagena, "* bill two davs
before he died.

I received afterwards from my son Henry, one of Peters
drawings of the Town and fortifications of Lyle - in Flanders,

1 1 At the decease of the Emperor Charles VI. in 1740, his hereditary dominions
devolved of right (by the Pragmatic Sanction) upon his only daughter and heiress
the Archduchess Maria-Theresa, but were claimed by the husband of his niece
(Maria-Amelia, daughter of Joseph I.), Charles [Albert], Elector of Bavaria, who
was declared king of Bohemia in 1 741, and crowned Emperor of Germany at
Frankfort the following year, as Charles VII. This dispute disturbed the
tranquillity of Europe, and occasioned a war in which all the great European
powers were involved, and which did not terminate until three years after
the death of Charles vil. when Maria-Theresa had her patrimonial dominions
guaranteed to her by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 174S.' — Haydn's Book of
Dignities, p. 21 (edition of 1S51).

- Lille. Captured by Louis XIV. from the Spaniards in 1667 ; surrendered
in 1 70S to the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene ; and restored to France
at the Peace of Utrecht in 1713.

164

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

which is exceeding fine, with another copy by a different scale ;
these he did about a year before, when he studied Fortification
in that city.

I had likeways sent me several other drawings by him, all
which I keep in a long white-iron case in the Charter Room
of Pennicuik.

During: the remainder of this vear I lived at Pennicuik and
Edinburgh, as formerly.
1742. In january and February 1742 I lived much in the same

way, and took many observations upon a comet which appeared
first in the constellation of Lucida Lyrae ; from thence it took
its course "Westward within 5 degrees of the Pole Star, its Tail
after its perihelion was in length about 10 degrees, and at last
it vanished out of sight in the Month of March. 1
The^Cave of This year I made the antique Cave at Hurley where I had
is on several 5 made a large pond, and stocked it with Carp and Tench
remaSble, brought from Corby Castle near Carlyle. I caused this pond
foi. 192. to be inclosed, j and the little Hill in the middle got the
particularly that name of Clermount. This is a Rural Scheme which, in
beginingof my opinion, adds a good deal of Beuty to the Enclosures of

1 ■ P. S. Coll. of Edinburgh, March 9 (1742).— We got the first account of the
comet that now appears from some carriers from the West Country. They saw it
in the east on the 19th of February, in the morning. It has been observed at
London since the 23d, and here since the 25th. Its course has been from South
to North nearly, with a little inclination East— from the tail of Aquila through
Lyra, Cygnus, and Draco to Cepheus. It moved at first between 5 and 6 degrees
in a day ; but moves now more slowly, describing between 2 and 3 degrees in a
day only. The tail was 6 degrees long on the 23d, but las: Thursday morning,
after the moon was set, the tail appeared considerably longer. The comet was
very near to e in Draco on Friday night, and to % in Cepheus last night. It
appears under the pole in the evening, within 13 degrees of it, and will probably
come within 7 degrees of the pole-star in some days.' — Scot- Magazine, vol. iv.
p. 94. Under dates 22d March 1741-2, and 8th April 174-- the Baron writes
to Roger Gale regarding this comet : — ' Its tail, even according to Sir Isaac
Newton's notions, diffuses vapours through the planetary world, and consequently
must affect mankind in some degree or other. I defy an}- historian to show us
so many alterations as have been in the affairs of Europe since its first coming
into our latitude. I know not what diseases of the body it may bring along with
it, but it is pretty odd that about two weeks ago all our forces fell ill of the cold
in the space of 24 hours, both in Edenborough and in the country.' ' The path
of i: has been exactly observed by Mr. MacLaurin, our mathematician in Eden-
borough.' — Nichols' Bibliothcca Topographica, No. H. part I., pp. 351 and 352.

- This cave and pond still exist on the Penicuik estate.

1742] THE CAVE AT HURLEY 165

Pennicuik house, as it resembles the Grotto of Pausilipo at November the

sun shines quite

Naples. 1 through it to

About this time, likeways, I went on with the Enclosure of ^aughon
Hurlev towards the moor, where to civilize the prospect I sde. about 20

J . 1 . . . minutes after o

built two little Houses, and gave each a Garden, which was ; n the forenoon,
planted round with barren Trees and thorns. The whole farm

• -r ..... /, 1 of Hurlev paid

In May this year I carried my \\ lie and two or my JJaugn- me but 200
ters to Dalguse,' 2 to drink Goat whey, on the side of Tay, ^ ^oughUtvery

miles above Dunkell, but here I left them, and returned to easy to improve

' 7 it by degrees.

Edin. at the siting down of the Court of Exchequer.

This summer I diverted my self by writing an Essay on the
Antient Languages of Great Britain, 3 and when finished, gave
it to the Societv for the improvement of learning and phylo-
sophy, of which I was a member. 4

From the begining of the year 1743 I lived as formerly, ISfseveS 3
sometimes in Town and sometimes in the Country. other papers

. before.

In Aprile I attended the Duke of Queensberry's Affaires at
Drumlanrig, and particularly I made a narrow scrutiny into
the state of his Lead mines at Wanlockhead.

1 The Grotto of Pausilippo, south-west of Naples, described by Seneca and
Tetronius, and in the Middle Ages believed to have been the work of Virgil,
whose ' Tomb ' is near.

2 Dalguise, in the parish of Little Dunkeid. For an interesting account of this
expedition to the Highlands see the Baron"; letter to Gale in Nichols' Bibiotheca
Topog)-aphica, No. II. part I., p. 357.

3 A MS. copy of this essay, signed ' J. C, 1742,' is preserved among the Clerk
papers. It was published in Nichols' Bib. Topog., No. II. part I., pp. 362-S4.

4 The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, the precursor of the Royal Society
of Edinburgh. In 1731 a Society had been started for collecting and publishing
papers on medicine and surgery ; and in 1739, its scope having extended, at the
suggestion of Professor Colin Maclaurin, so as to embrace the subjects of philo-
sophy and literature, it took the title of The Society for Improving Arts and
Sciences, or The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh. Its President was James,
fourteenth Earl of Morton, afterwards President of the Royal Society, London ;
its Vice-Presidents Baron Sir John Clerk, and Dr. John Clerk (see note l , page 11),
and its Secretaries Professor Maclaurin and Dr. Plummer. Its meetings having
been interrupted, the Society was revived by its new Secretaries David Hume
and Dr. Alexander Monro, and volumes o: Transactions were published in I754>
1756, and 1771. In 17S2 Principal Robertson proposed a scheme for further
extending the scope of the Society, so as to embrace every branch of science,
erudition, and taste ; and the Royal Society of Edinburgh, including all the
members of the Philosophical Society, was formed, and incorporated by royal
charter in 17S3. See Ty tier's Memoirs of Lord Kamcs, vol. i. p. 184 and note.

166 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1743

In May I carried my Wife and some of my Lasses to the
Goat whey at Wooler Haughhead. We staid about 4 weeks ;
from thence I carried them to Morpeth, Newcastle, and
Durh am. In this last place, being the 29 of May, they heard
the church Musick perform'd on the top of the steeple, this
being a High Church form observed there for the celebration
of the Birth and Restoration of King Charles the 2d, or as
some of the clergy pretend, for the Restoration of Monarchy,
which for some years before Oliver Cromwell and his party
M 193 had ruined. | Some pretend to say that this solemn church
Worship is in order to introduce another Restoration, but the
truth is, I believe, it is a custom begun in 1660, which the
High Church party is not willing to abolish, nor are the
A Latine common people willing to want this accustomed diversion.

Ircntisc written .

by me on the This summer was spent as formerly, but I wrote a Latine
Brigand! and dissertation on the Roman Monuments at Pennicuik House,
the Two other which is likewavs designd as a present to the Society above

large stones . o i j

with Inscrip- named ior the encouragement of Learning. 1

tions at Penv- t ■ • , i , , i .. n •ii-i,

cuik, and which 1 cannot omit here to take notice of a considerable altera-

SSSSeoiT ti011 in ° Ur CoUrt ° f Excne q uer > for towards the end of the
the side of the year Mathew Lant, our Lord Chief Baron, died, and was suc-

Antient Roman i i • m i n 1 1 t i 1 o

Camp at ceeded m office by Councellor Idle. 2

TMs^did T ' ie late c '^ ef Baron was a P oor j Harmless, timorous Man.

chiefly that I had done him considerable services by supplying his place in
Monuments his absence at London for many years, and had great returns
preserved °^ Civility from him and his friends.

I was spoken of to succeed him, but those who have friends

in any great offices in England will always be preferred to anv

Scotsman.

About the end of the year 1743 and begining of the year
The Comet. 1744, we had again the great pleasure of seeing a new Comet 3

1 See page 139, and note 1 there : and marginal note to folio 241.
8 See note 1 to page 73 ; and note 1 to page 133.

a ' College of Edinburgh, Jan. 9, 1744. A comet has appeared for some time
near the head of Andromeda, equal to a star of the second magnitude. It was
observed at London, Paris, and in several parts of Scotland on Friday, the 23d
of last month : but was seen before that time in Switzerland. It moves slowly.
About Dec 29th it changed its right ascension by its daily motion Westwards,
two minutes of time daily, and its declination by moving Southwards about nine
minutes of space.' — Scots Magazine, vol. v. p. 573.

1744 ] THE COMET 167

as it moved with great swiftness in a parabolical curve in-
clined to our Earth. We saw it for many days. It began to
be visible in the Constellation of Andromeda. In its motion
towards the sun, its velocity was much accelerated, and it
came to its perihelion about* the 21 feb. 1744. Its Tail, as it
approached the sun, was in appearance 25 degrees | in length,/--'- nw-
which, considering its vast distance from us, being above 50
millions of miles, coud not be under many millions of miles in
length. It made its perihelion, or circle about the sun, from
within the orbite of Mercury, which is commonly reckoned to
be about 30 millions of miles distant from the sun, its bulk
or diameter was near to that of Venus.

After its perihelion on the said 21 of feb., I saw it no more,
for by its swift, parabolical course, it took its way almost
opposite to this part of the World, tho" it might have been
seen by the Inhabitants of Hispaniola and Jamaica some few
davs after.

This year, about the 19 or 20 of fob., I came out to if I had beenin
Pennicuik and in a clear fine morning, half an houer bet or ? f the new-
the sun rose, I saw the beutifullest schene in the Heavens that jJJ^Jj Teie .
perhaps, ever was seen by any body at one time, for by the
assistance of a Reflecting Telescope I saw first the Comet with comet through
its Tail in the greatest glory it had ever appeared, being at J^e/the Sun
that time within a day or two of its perihelion. Next I saw was shining.'
the planet of Venus in great beuty, and towards the west the
planets of Saturn and Jupiter with their satellites ; but what
made the finest appearance of all, was the moon near her last
quarter, just going down upon the Top of the black hill north ^ above the
west of Pennicuik House. Next the sun rose in great splen-
dour, which yet for half an houer did not obscure the Comet, My son Ge0 rge
for both it and its Tail appeared very finely for that space. I chaplain Mr.

i'-lt iJ An William Ains-

tried at that time to have seen Mercury, which 1 cou d not do, ley and others
but by the Comefs distance from the Sun's body, I was sure were with me.
that its perihelion wou d be within the orbite of that planet.

1 Probably the Baron here refers to the improved telescopes which James
Short, acting on the suggestions of Professor James Gregory, had constructed in
the rooms in the University of Edinburgh, which were placed at his disposal by
Professor Colin Maclaurin. See Encyclopedia Britannica, vol. xxiii. p. 137
(Ninth Edition).

168 SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [i 744

fit. ^95. All this I saw without either fogs or clouds interveening. | If
comets presage great alterations and Trubles in state's, this
comet may be thought a foreruner, and tlm it be a little
superstitious to think so, yet I am tempted to think that as
the moon in some cases influences our bodies, I know not how
far the vapours which arise from a Comet may not have some
influence on Men's minds. It is certain that before great
Calamities hapning to a nation, Comets have been "seen,
hovering in the Aire, and other odd phenomena. All Histories
are full of sucli accounts, and Josephus takes notice of a very
remarkable one befor the destruction of Jerusalem.
Dunkirk,^. . In februai 7 and March this year, 1744, we were alarmed
with an Invasion from Dunkirk. A body of French was to be
transported from thence, under the Command of the oldest
son of the Pretender 1 and the Count de Sax, 2 a natural son of
the late Elector of Saxonv.

The ground of this intended Invasion was, no doubt, the
noise and clamour of a discontented party in England, which
still went under the name of patriots. Things were therefor
represented at the Courts of France and Rome much worse
than they were, for it was not doubted there but that all
Britain was ready for a Revolt in favours of the persone we
called the Pretender, but nothing was farther from the minds
fok 196. of the people, as the j French afterwards found, for tho' they
sent a large squadron of Men of War from Brest, to come
upon the English coast from the Mouth of the Channel down
to Portsmouth, in order to sound the inclinations of the

1 Prince Charles Edward reached Paris on the 20th January 1744, and sailed
in the same ship with Marshal Saxe.

- Maurice, Count of Saxony, Marshal Saxe, was born in 1696, a natural son
of Frederick Augustus II. of Poland, by Aurora, Countess of Konigsmarke. He
was a soldier from his earliest youth, and in the campaign of 1710 received the
eulogies of the allied generals. After serving against the Swedes, 171 1, and against
the Turks, 1717, he, in 1733, entered the French service under the Duke of
Berwick, and after the campaign of 1740 was appointed Marshal-General of the
French armies. He commanded the army of Bavaria, and while defending
Alsace he was summoned by Lous XV. to take part in the expedition against
England ; but his fleet was scattered by a tempest, and its remains blockaded
by the English fleet. His defeat of the French and Hanoverians at Fontenoy,
in r 745) was followed by the conquest of Belgium. After the capture of Laufeiut
In I 747> Saxe retired into private life. He died in 1750.

17441

THE FRENCH INVASION

169

people, yet they found them so much averse to this Roman -
Catholick project, that they were glad to get back again to
Brest, more especially when they found themselves ready to be
attaqued by the British Fleet far superior to theirs. One
night's favourable Wind from the nor" east protected them, and
gave them the advantage of sailing off in the night. Sir John
Noris, 1 who commanded this great British Fleet, was much
blamed for a little delay in sailing after them, but he was
always a very unlucky Admiral, and on that account got the
name of Jack foulweather, and S r . John no-risque.

The French transports were in the mean time in the road of T h< ; Fr J^}l

, . declared V\ ar

Dunkirk, and ready to sail, but a Tempest overtook them, so against us with
that, with the loss of some of their ships and some hundreds of fn Ce , but the
Men, thev were forced to lay aside their Expedition. Queen of Spam,

'J - i who manadged

The French knew very well the strength of the British Fleet, the Affaires of

j ■ t iii « . » , that Kingdom,

and that they were m no condition to iorce a passage over to forced them to
England, but it seems they intended in the night time to have pVctirTcMheir
got over and tried their Fortune. I am of opinion that tho" fidelity in a sea
they had landed they cou'd have done nothing, but must have Mediterranean
been destroied or taken prisoners, for 'tis certain that there was En^^h Fleet
not one of a hundred in Britain who had the least inclinations under Admiral

„ . Mathews, and

to lavour them. the combined

All this time we had been only Auxiliaries to the Queen of anfspSwho
Hungary,- in defence | of that ballance of Power which was>/. i 97 .
necessary to be keept up between the two great Families of f° r tv >'o years

t» i * i4 • i • • TT . [bejfore had

Bourbon and Austria, but now we became principals in a \\ ar been biockt up

1 Admiral Sir John Norris, descended from an Irish family, for his conduct in
the action off Beachy Head in 1690, was appointed commander of the ! Pelican '
fire-ship. He distinguished himself under Sir George Rooke, Captain James
Killegrew, and Sir Cioudesley Shovel. Having been knighted, he, in 1707, was
advanced to the rank of Rear-Admiral of the Blue, and in 1732 became Admiral
of the White. The expedition against the French fleet mentioned above was his
last naval service ; and he died, at an advanced age, in 1749.

2 Maria-Theresa, daughter of the Empercr Charles vi., was born at Vienna in
1 7 1 7» ar) d in 173^ was married to Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, who in
1737 became Grand Duke of Tuscany. On her fathers death, in 1740. she
ascended the throne of Hungary, Bohemia, and Austria ; but Charles Albert,
Elector of Bavaria (see note 1 , p. 163 ; and note n , p. 172) disputed her claim to
the Austrian territories, and, simultaneously with Frederick the Great, invaded
her states. She fled to Tresburg, and, with her child in her arms, invoked the aid
of the Hungarians. She obtained assistance from England and Holland, and her
rights were confirmed by the treaty of Aix-ia - Chapelle, 17S4. She died in 17S0.

170

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1744

[in] the Harbour
of Thoulon ...s
year they ven-
tured out, and
were attaqued
by the British
fleet, and in this
engagement it
was thought
that the French
did not support
the Spanish
fleet as they
ought to have
done, but sailed
to the ...y of
Alicant. We
[ha]d the same
complaint
against our
Fleet, that ...
two divisions
under Ad 1 .
Mathews and
Lestock [di]d
not their endea-
vours [to] have
destroied the
united fleets of
France and
Spain. There
was, I think,
reasone on both
sides of the
Question, for I
believe our

1744
fol. 19S
Ministry did
not care to
destroy the
French, and
they did not
care to assist
the Spaniards
to destroy us.
my fears were
but too just.

with France, for the French, at the earnest desire of the Court
of Spain, first declared war against us, so that we were next in
honour oblidffed to declare war against them.

*Tis very remarkable that during the whole Trubles in Ger-
many and several Campaigns in the years 1742 and 1743 and
even at the time of a famous engagement at Dettingen on the
Rhyn in 1743 where our King was present and where his
Arms were victorious against the French, yet neither we nor
the French nor the Austrians had declared War against one
another. We fought for the Queen of Hungary as head of the
Austrian family, and much blood was shed in Germany and
Bohemia, but still we keept up a kind of correspondence with
the Court of France, and no hostilities were committed at sea.
In the mean time the cuning triming people of Holand lay by,
and wou'd not engage as principals in any War, tho at the
same time they sent 20,000 men to the field as Auxiliares to the
Queen of Hungarv, who was actually in War against both the
French and the Emperor, but did not declare the War even in
the campaign 1744, when her General, Charles of Lorrain, 1 past
the Rhyn, and attaqued the French Territories in Alsace.

To return now again to my own Family concerns. My son
Henry had returned in safety from the West Indies, and from
other cruses which he made as first Liutenant of the Preston,
commanded by the Earl of Noresk, 2 but in Aprile this year the
sd Earl and 3 other Captains were ordered to fit out their
ships for a long voyage. My son acquainted me of this by a
letter but knew not to what place they were bound. At last
they sailed, being in all 4 ships, one of 70, one of 60, one of
50, and one of 20 £uns, under the command of one Commadore

1 Charles of Lorraine, Maria Theresa's General, brother of the Duke of
Tuscany; born 1712, son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine; became Governor of
the Low Countries ; died in 1744.

2 George Carnegie, attained the rank of a captain in the royal navy in 1741,
and in the same year succeeded his brother as sixth Earl of Northesk. In
January 1744 he sailed in the fleet, under Sir John Norris, to the East Indies,
commanding the 'Preston,' a ship of fifty guns. On 25th January 1745 *hey
captured, in the Straits of Banca, three very valuable French East Indiamen,
bound from Canton to Europe. In 1755 he commanded the ' Oxford,' a ship of
sixty-six guns ; was promoted to a flag in 1756; rose, by seniority, to the rank
of Admiral of the White ; and died in 1792.

i/44] WARS ON THE CONTINENT 171

Barnet. I heard from my son when he sailed, but whether I
am ever to see the poor Lad again, God only knows. I had a
letter from him some weeks after from the coast of Africk, by
a ship which met them there, but was informed that they knew
not where they were bound for that their orders cou"d not yet
be opened.

In mar this year I carried my Wife and some of my Daughters
to Bonh'ill, 1 where my Daughter jean lived, and with her and
her spouse, Mr. Smollet, we went for 3 weeks and drank the
goat-whey at Luss. From thence I myself made a trip to
Inveraray, and took occasion to visite Mr. Clerk of Braelaken,
who was married to my Niece Sarah Little, the daughter of ,y. B. —There is
my Sister Sophia Clerk, who had been married to M r Little triage, °
of Liberton. 2 There I staid with great pleasure for a day or John^C|rk,
two, and returned back to Luss. Lad, who went

On our return home we went and lived at Mavisbank in the

to Jam[aica].

months of june and july, and I attended the Exchequer as
formerly.

During this summer the principal schem of publick Action
was in Bohemia and Bavaria, for the Machivelian King of
Prussia. 3 contrary to his engagements with the magnanimous
Queen of Hungary, invaded Bohemia with an Army of above
60000 men, *tho he had received from that Queen all the best i 99 .
parts of all the fine province of Silesia, in order to keep him This Queen of
quiet and preventing [sic] him from joining with the French.

this time only '

This was an unhappy stroke to the peace of Germany, and the * 6 ^ ears
ballance of power so much wisht and contended for, between
the two Houses of Bourbon and Austria.

Prince Charles of Lorrain, brother to the great Duke of The Duke of

' ° . Tuscanv was

Tuscany, and commander in. chief of the Queen ol Hungary s formerly Duke
Army, had then past the Rhyn, and was in a fair way 0 f ofLorrain -

1 In Dumbartonshire.

2 Sophia, youngest daughter of Sir John Clerk, first baronet of Penicuik, by
his first wife, Elizabeth Henderson, was born at Newbiging, 29th August 16S5.
and was married to Gabriel Ranken of Orcharhead, Stirlingshire. Their son
yValter, succeeding as heir of entail to the estate of Little of Libenon, took the
name of Little : and their daughter, Sarah, married Dougal Clerk of Braekethan
[Braelaken]. Argyllshire.— Douglas's Baronage and MS. Family Register.

3 Frederick 11., the Great, born 1712 : succeeded his father as King of
Prussia 1741 ; died 17S6.

172 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [i 744

recovering Alsace to the Empire of Germany, but on hearing
of the progress which the king of Prussia had made in Bohemia*
he was oblidged to repass that River, and return to protect the
Queen's subjects in that country.

In his way he was oblidged to leave Garrisons in several
Towns in Bavaria and the upper Palatinat, yet he was suc-
cessful wherever he came, and the Prussians with vast losses
were oblidged to surrender Prague, which they had taken, and
retire out of Bohemia without ever offering to stand the hazard
of a Battle. They knew indeed that they were far from
having any chance of succeeding in an attempt of that kind,
for the king of Poland, 1 who was at the same time Elector of
Saxony, sent 22000 men to the assistence of Prince Charles.
After this the Prussians with their King at their head retired
to Silesia where they took up their "Winter Quarters.

1744- About this time War was proclaimed by the Queen of
Hungary against France, and the French King 2 turning his
head to military affaires regained all the south parts of "Ger-
many and restored the Emperor to his Capital of Munich,
from whence he had been forced the year before by the vic-
torious Arms of the Queen of Hungary, for by the bye I must
notice that this Emperor the Duke of Bavaria 3 had entered
into a league with the Kings of France and Prussia for sup-
pressing altogether the House of Austria.

This summer likeways the Ambition of the Queen of Spain, 4

/W.SOO. i n order to procure j a kingdom in Italy to her second son Don
Philip, 5 had raised a terrible coubustion there, her eldest son
Don Carlos, 6 king of the two Sicilies, used his outmost efforts

1 Frederick Augustus II. succeeded his father as King of Poland in i 7 7 d •
died 1763. o T /0* >

, ' J " .Louis xv.

Charles Albert, born 1697 ; succeeded his father as Elector of Bavaria, 1726-
died 1745. See note \ p. 163 ; and note", p. 169.

4 Elizabeth Farnese, born 1692, daughter of Odoardo, eldest son of Duke
kanuccio of Parma, and Dorothea Sophia, daughter of Philip William Elector
ralatme. She became second wife of Philip y. 0 f Spain, in 1714; and died 1766.

Third (second surviving) son of Philip v. and Elizabeth Farnese, born 1720 •
became Duke of Parma and Piacenza in 1749: died 1765.

'Eldest son of Philip v. and Elizabeth Farnese, born 1716: succeeded as
Uuke of Parma and Piacenza, 1731 ; conquered Naples and Sicily 1735, and
m the same year became King of Spain, as Carlos nr. ; died 178S

1744] RESIGNATION OF CARTERET

173

for the same end, but as the king of Sardinia 1 was united in
interest with the House of Austria, there M ere no considerable
advantages gained by the Amies of France and Spain, but on
the contrary they were oblidged to repass the Alps, and take
up their Winter Quarters where they were the year before.
In the mean time an Army of neapolitans and a handfull of
Spaniards continued in Winter quarters on the confines of
Bulognia and Tuscany.

In november this year the British parliament met, but the I 74+«
Ministry under the Lord Carteret found themselves so weak as
to be able to do nothing, wherefor his Lorp. was oblidged to
resign contrary to the King's Inclinations, who was always
steedy in his favours to those who served him well as he
thought this Lord had done.

To him succeeded a Triumvirat who constituted jointly the
prime ministry. The Duke of Newcastle, 2 the Lord Hard wick 3
who was Chancellor at the time, and Henry Pelham, 4 brother
to the Duke, made up this Triumvirat. The Lord Hardwick
was a great Lawer and an eloquent man, but good judges
thought that all the Three had not the Qualifications of the
late Sir Robert Walpole, created afterwards Earl of Orfoord
as before mentioned.

The King's affaires had then but an indifferent Aspect: how-
ever, a new methode was introduced into publick management
as set not only things to rights but outdid all the measures
of Government that had hitherto been tried since the acces-

1 Charles Emmanuel II., succeeded his father in 1730, and died in 1773.

- Thomas Pelham-Holles. Born 1693, succeeded as second Baron Pelham
of Laughton in 1712 ; Secretary of State for the Southern Department 1724-26,
and again 1746-54; First Lord of the Treasury 1754-56, when he was created
Duke of Newcastle. Died 176S.

E Philip Yorke, horn 1690; Solicitor-General 1720; Attorney-General 1724;
Lord Chief-Justice of England 1733-7 ; created Baron Hardwicke of Hardwicke
1733; Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain 1737-56: created Earl of Hard-
wicke 1754; died 1764.

4 Born 1696. After serving in the army and fighting at Preston, he entered
Parliament, and became Secretary of State for War in 1724. In conjunction
with his brother, the Duke of Newcastle, and the Opposition, he overthrew
Walpole's administration, and in 1743 became First Lord of the Treasury, and,
in the same year, Chancellor of the Exchequer. He resigned in 1744. but was
recalled in a few days, and remained Prime Minister till his death in 1754.

174

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[i/45

sion of the family of Hannover to the Crown, but it had
been tried in King William's time, and was like to have mared
all his affaires: this was to incorporat the Whigs, Tories, and
Jacobites in parliament into one Interest for preserving the
ni. 201. liberties of Europe. j It seenVd to be a very arduous under-
taking, and yet it succeeded so well that the Royal Favours
being equally dispenced the grand movement of the whole
sisthem of politicks was called the Broadbottom.

These men were not to hang together for any long time,
yet they were so well pleased with the distribution of the
Royal Favours that they stuck at no expence for supporting
the War abroad, and the liberties of Germany against the
encroaching power of France ; for after all the necessary sub-
sidies were given for the support of every branch of the War,
at sea and land, they gave 500.000 Kb. to the Kino- more
than was strictly necessary, at that time, so that about the
begining of the year 1745 Great Britain furnished this year,
partly for the War, partly for the subsistence of the Govern-
ment, and partly to pay the interest of the publick Debts
already contracted, at least 12 millions sterling, besides a debt
of 50 millions which she lay under.

Our fleet at this time consisted of more than 220 Men of
War.

Our seamen above 40,000, and our Land Troops at least as
many.

I 74S- This year 1745 began in my family with some slight feavers
of cold and indispositions which went quicklv over, 'tho my
Daughter jean, married to Mr. Smollet as above, recovered
weakly of a Feaver she had in the begining of December last.
I my self and my Wife continued pretty well, but both of us
found old age aproaching very fast upon us. I attended the
Exchequer in January and february as usually, and returned to
Pennicuik with my Family about the 22 of March. |
'ei. 202. Upon the 26 of Aprile I went to Drumlanrig to attend the
Duke of Queensberry's Affaires, from whom I never had the
least Gratification, since friendship and the Remembrance of
what I owed to his father were my only motives, remembrinfr
still si ingratum dixeris omnia dixcris.

By the way I called at Wanlockhead, where the Duke had

1745]

VISIT TO WANLOCKHEAD, Etc.

175

his lead mines, and staid there all night. I gave my advices

about some of the works, and in going to Drumlanrig next

dav I took a new way, which I had advised, between Wanlock-

head and the River Nith, from whence by the right hand one

turns to Sanchar, 1 and by the left to Drumlanrig. This way

lay down Minick Water, and was very crabed and steep, yet it

being a much better pass into Nithsdale than by Entriken 2 ^empToied 15

Brae. I thought it might prove a benefite to the Lead trade ^ the carriage

° i -r\ c ' of Lead from

in oreneral if it coifd be carried on as well at Dumtnse as at Waniockhead
Leith ; besides, I saw many other advantages by it which a chiefly belong 11
little time woud certainly discover. LothiaJand 0 *^

I emploied about a week on the Duke's affaires at Drum- t... prove a
lanrig, then went to make a visite to the Earl of Galloway, 3 Tenants, for
his Father, my Brother in Law. and a most oblidging friend, j^^Pf*^}

beillg dead. their ground in

The way was monstrously bad for 80 miles. I went by New ^^be of
Galloway and Munigaff', 4 and found the Earl at Pouton, 5 a new sweater ad van -
House which he was just finishing. I visited my Brother in
Law Brigadier General Stuart at Sorbie, staid with the Earl
onlv two nights and a day, then returned back to Drumlanrig.
I spent a day or two afterwards in revising some of the Duke*s
affaires, then returned home to Pennicuik house.

Here I staid for the remainder of the month of May, and in
June I lived with my family as formerly at Mavisbank.

From this place I attended the Court of Exchequer dayly as
often as it sat, on the 22 of June, during the vacation of the
Court, I returned to Pennicuik. and in company of some of
my friends took the diversion of the pouting till the 7 of July,
when the Court sat again. \ I continued as formerly at Mavis- /<>/. 203.
bank, but attended the court dayly till it rose.

Nothing remarkable hapned to me during the two months I

1 Sanquhar. 2 Enterkir..

L According to Douglas, James, fifth Earl of Galloway, died io:h February
1746, when his son Alexander succeeded as sixth earl. He married Anne, second
daughter of William, ninth Earl Marischal, and died at Aix in Provence, 1773,
in his seventy-ninth year.

- Minigaff, a hamlet and parish in Kirkcudbrightshire, the former three-
auarters of a mile north of Xewton-Stewarr.

r Powton.

176

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Li 745

spent at Mavisbank, all was peace and quietness, but in the
month of Agust began such a scene of trubles over all Britain
as shook the very foundation of its constitution, for about the
end of July and begining of Agust the Highland Rebellion
broke out, of which I shall here insert a short History.

Th afferwSdT This Rebellio » took its rise chie % in Rome, for some of the
... took its rise Highland chiefs and others, as they traveled into Italy, never
some of the' failed of visiting the pretender's family, and chiefly made their
that'time d at com 't to the two young princes, Charles and Henry, the sons of
some services to the s d pretender and the princess Sobieski, both in appearance

the English . ' . , , . 1 ' 1 r

ministry, they handsome, sprightly young men.

mrnth^odium 0 ^ * s P r °bable that promises were not wanting on both sides,
of the Rebellion and I doubt not but several of the Highland chiefs, and even

on Scotland. ... _ °

many m England, were very forward to engadge themselves
and their friends so long as tilings seemed to be at some dis-
tance ; however, the eldest of the two princes, whom I shall
call the young chevalier, was impatient in his present situation
at his Father's Court in Rome, and therefor wanted to try
what his friends in Britain wou'd do for him. For this end he
came into France in the begining of this year 1745 and
offered himself to the Court of France as a proper instrument
either to creat to the King of that country a new Alev in the
persone of his Father, the Pretender, as King of Great Britain
in case his schems should succeed, or otherways to foment such
a disturbance in Britain by an Invasion as might facilitate the
French conquests in Flanders.

This proposal took with that Court, wherefor preparations
of some men, money, and arms were made in order to second
fot. 204. the intentions of the young Chevalier. \ He embarked on the
14 of july from port Lasare 1 [sic] in Britanny, on board a frigate
of 18 guns, and was afterwards joined by a Man of War of
66 guns. They soon fell in with some English ships, one of
which, called the Lyon, a ship of about 60 guns, engaged the

1 At seven of the evening of the 22d June (3d July N.s.) the Prince em-
harked at St. Nazaire, in the mouth of the Loire, in the ' Dontelle,' a brig of iS
guns, attended by seven friends. Proceeding to Belieisle, he was joined by the
' Elizabeth,' a ship of 68 guns, with 700 men aboard ; and thence the expedition
sailed on 2d July (o. s.). For an account of the action with the ' Lion,' a ship of
58 guns, commanded by Captain Brett, see Chambers's Rebellion, p. 21 (latest,
undated, edition).

1/45] ARRIVAL OF THE PRETENDER ITT

French Man of War for 9 houres, and disabled her, so that she
was forced to return back to the coast of France. During this
engagement the Frigate in which the young Chevalier was, got
away, and after some days landed near the Isle of Sky, and the
Chevalier was for some days entertained at the House of one
Macdonald of Kinloch Moidart. 1 He had brought with him a
few Officers, mostly Irish, and about 100 men. The money
and arms intended for this Expedition were left in the Man of
War, which had returned to France.

While the Chevalier tarried at Kinloch Moidart, several
Highland chiefs came to him, particularly Lochea], the chief of
the Camrons, 2 Glengarry, 3 and the Captain of Clan Ranold. 4

1 The Macdonalds of Kinlochmoidart were cadets of the Clanranald family,
being descended from John, fourth son of Allan Macdonald, eighth of Clan-
ranald. Donald, fourth in descent from the above Allan, married Isabel,
daughter of Robert Stewart of Appin. With a hundred of his followers he
accompanied the Prince through the whole campaign. His estates were con-
fiscated, his house burned to the ground, and he was executed on the Gallows
Hill, Carlisle, i8th October 1746. It was he who commanded the party of
Highlanders who arrived at Rose Castle just after the birth of Rose Mar}' Dacre,
afterwards wife of Sir John Clerk, fifth baronet of Penicuik, and who pinned
his white cockade on the infant's breast in token of protection. See Note to
Scott's Monaster) 1 ; also Mackenzie's History of the Macdotialds, p. 463.

2 Donald Cameron of Lochiel succeeded to the estate and style of ' Captain
of the Clan Cameron ' on the death of his grandfather Sir Ewen, his own father
being attainted for his share in the Rebellion of 17 15. Pie was active in pre-
liminary negotiations for the Rebellion of 1745; an ^ though, on the arrival of
the Prince in Scotland, he anticipated the failure of the rising, yet the personal
influence of the young Chevalier induced him to join his standard with 1400 of
his clan. He behaved with great heroism, and was severely wounded at Cul-
loden. After many adventures he escaped to France, where he commanded
' the Regiment of Albany,' composed of his exiled countrymen. He died in 1748.

8 John Macdonell, twelfth of Glengarry, son of the celebrated Alastair Dubh
Macdonell, was then chief. He did not take part in the Rebellion of 1745; ^ ut
his son and succcessor Alastair carried an address from the Highland chiefs,
signed with their blood, to the Prince in France, and on his return was captured
and imprisoned in the Tower. His second son, ^Fneas, a colonel in the Prince's
army, was slain at the battle of Falkirk. The Macdonalds of Glengarry greatly
distinguished themselves by their bravery during the Rebellion. See Mackenzie's
History of the Macdonalds, pp. 349, 354-5.

4 Ranald Macdonald, fifteenth of Clanranald, was then chief. lie had an
interview with Prince Charles on his first arrival in the Long Island, and refused
to take part in the Rebellion ; but his son Ranald, afterwards his successor, was
one of the first, along with his relative Kinlochmoidart, to join the Prince, with
500 men. He was wounded at Culloden, and with difficulty effected his escape
to France, where he eventually became aide-de-camp to Marshal Saxe. His

178

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1745

N.B.— L d Fort-
rose, son of
the late Earl of
Seaforth and
chief of the
Mackenzies.

Some likeways waited on him from the South Country, as Mr.
Murry of Brughton 1 whom he made his Secretary. They
endeavoured by letters and messages to get several others to
joyn them, particularly the L d Fortrose 2 and Sir Alex. Mac-
donald, 3 but cou'd not prevail on them.

These meetings, they knew, would give some disturbance to
the Government, wherefor their friends gave out every where
that the Chevalier had not landed in these bounds, but that
some Highland Gentlemen intended only to take the diversion
of hunting. By this means, for 2 or 3 weeks, there were few or
no preparations made at Edin., till at last it came to be knoun
that the Clans, to the number of 1500, had taken Arms, and

name being erroneously given as Donald in the act of attainder, his friends at
length succeeded in recovering his estates ; and he returned and lived quietly
for the rest of his days on his property, a loyal subject to the king. See Mac-
kenzie's History of the Macdonalds, pp. 42S-35.

1 John Murray of Broughton, in Peeblesshire, second son of Sir David Murray,
second Baronet of Stanhope, by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir John
Scott of Ancrum, Baronet, was sent to the Jacobites in Scotland, to prepare
them for the coming of the Prince, whom he joined on his arrival in Scotland,
acting as hi; secretary during the Rebellion. At the proclamation of James VIII.
at the cros; of Edinburgh, his first wife, a lady of great beauty, appeared on
horseback decorated with white ribbons, and with a drawn sword in her hand.
After Culloden he escaped to Peeblesshire, and took refuge in the House of his
brother-in-law, blunter of Polmood, where he was captured. To save his life
he basely turned King's evidence, and aided in the condemnation of his former
associates. The abhorrence with which he was regarded even by his political
enemies is well illustrated by the anecdote in Lockhart's Life of Scott, of how he
had visited on business the novelist's father, a Hanoverian and Kirk elder, who,
on his leaving, threw out of the window a cup from which he had drunk tea at
Mrs. Scott's invitation, remarking — ' I may admit into my house, on a piece of
business, persons wholly unworthy to be treated as guests by my wife. Neither lip
of me nor of mine comes after Mr. Murray of Broughton.' He sank into poverty,
and sold his estate of Broughton in 1764. On the death of his half-brother,
Charles, he became head of the family, and after the general Act of Reversal,
assumed the title of Sir John Murray, Baronet, of Stanhope: and he died in 1777.

2 Kenneth Mackenzie, eldest son of the fifth Earl of Seafield, who had been
attainted for his share in the Rebellion of 171 5. He was Member of Parliament
for the burghs of Inverness, etc., in 1 741 , and for the county of Ross in 1747
and 1754: and displayed great zeal in support of the Government during the
Rebellion of 1745. He married Lady Mary Stuart, eldest daughter of Alex-
ander, sixth Earl of Galloway, and died in London in 1761.

s Fourteenth baron and seventh baronet of Sleat. Fie held aloof of the
Rebellion of 1745, and aided the Government, though he had undertaken to
join the Prince if he came to Scotland a: the head of a French army. He and
his second wife, Lady Margaret Montgomery, daughter of Alexander, ninth

1745]

THE REBELLION

179

that the Chevalier had set up his Standard not far from Fort
William, 1 formerly called Innerlochy. 2 This was done about the
middle of Agust, and immediately the clans went upon action.

Their first enterprise was the intercepting of about 100
souldiers belonging to the Regiment of Royal Scots, who were
marching from Fort Augustus, at the head of Lochness, to
Fort William. Some j of these souldiers were killed at a pass, *°5-
and some taken prisoners. 3 Their commanding officer was set
at liberty on his parole of Honour, and upon his coming to
Edin., and afterwards to London, all Britain was alarmed.

The king lost no time to provide against the impending
storm, for he immediatly sent for 5000 Dutch troops, who landed
in the north of England about the end of Agust, and some of
them upon the first notice sent them. His Majesty was about
this time in Hannover, but he quickly returned to England
about the begining of September.

There Avere at that time in Scotland 2 Regiments of Irish
dragoons and about 2500 regular Troops. One S ir John Cope, 4

Earl of Eglintoun, and a celebrated beauty, were distinguished for their hospi-
tality, and were immensely popular in the Isles. Flora Macdonald resided in
their house during the three years, from about 1739, that she spent in Edin-
burgh ; and during her escape with the Prince, she visited Lady Margaret at
her house of Monkstadt, her disguised companion taking shelter in the cave at
Kilbride. He died 23d November 1 746, and his funeral was attended by many
thousands of the islanders, the procession, in which six men walked abreast,
extending to a distance of two miles. Mackenzie's History of the Macdonalds,
pp. 231-39 ; and see also Macgregors Life of Flora Macdonald.

1 In Glenfinnan, ' a narrow vale surrounded on both sides by lofty and craggy
mountains, about twenty miles north from Fort William, and as far east from
Borodale, forming, in fact, the outlet from Moidart into Lochaber.' The
standard was unfurled by the Marquis of Tullibardine on the 19th of August.
See Home's Rebellion, pp. 49 and 50.

- The old Inverlochy, formerly the seat of the Earls of Huntly, is two miles
north-east of Fort-William ; and the modern Inverlochy Castle, a seat of Baron
Abinger, enlarged from a shooting-box in 1861, is three and a quarter miles
north-east of Fort William. The town of Fort William was previously called
Gordonsburgh, from its being built on the property of the Gordons.

3 This occurred on the 16th of August, at the east end of Loch Lochy, three
days previous to the raising of the Pretenders standard ; the Government
soldiers being two companies under the command of Captain (afterwards General)
John Scott, who was wounded in the skirmish. They were overpowered by the
Macdonalds ; and Lochiel,who arrived at the conclusion of the skirmish, conveyed
the prisoners to his house at Auchnacarie. See Home's Rebellion, pp. 46-48.

4 Sir John Cope, K.B., was promoted in the army through the influence of

180

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1745

a little, dressy, finical man, had the command of them. He
had already devoured the Rebels in his imagination, wherefor
he wrote to Court for liberty to march immediatly into the
Highlands to attaque them. Orders were accordingly given to
him by the Ministry, but he had scarcely entered the Highlands
when he found that he was mistaken in his sell ems, for that his
little Army of foot was not sufficient to attaque the Rebels
amongst the mountains, wherefor, to procure more assistence,
he marched directly to Inverness, where Mr. Duncan Forbes of
Culloden had got together some hundreds of men for the service
of the Government. As this Gentleman, Mr. Forbes, was Lord
President of the Session, S ir John Cope trusted to his power and
authority, and never doubted but he should find in the Country
about Inverness a sufficient number of men to his purpose,
especially when a Regiment was to be levied there for Flanders.

While S ir John Cope was marching to Inverness, the Rebels
took a Resolution of coming by the way of Blair in Athole
directly to Edin. They were but half armed, being about
4000 in number, and by Letters from their Friends in Edin.
. they were assured ! that the Town wou'd be surrendered to
them, notwithstanding 5 or 600 volunteers who pretended to
defend it. One provost Stuart, 1 a secret jacobite, was at the
head of the Magistracy, but most of the Trades were more
open and declared friends to the new intended Revolution. It
is difficult to account for this change of temper, since most of
them were presbiterians and Whigs in principles, but it seems
a love to novelties, joined with a certain infatuation in their
councils, was what most prevailed amongst them.

I believe this same spirit prevailed amongst many of our

Lord Strafford. In 1742 he was appointed one of the generals of the troops de-
spatched to aid Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary, and he was commander-in-
chief in Scotland in 1745. A council of officers was appointed to inquire into
his conduct during the Rebellion, but he was acquitted of all blame. In 1751
he was placed on the Staff in Ireland, and he died in 1760.

1 Archibald Stuart, merchant, represented the city of Edinburgh in Parlia-
ment from 1741 to 1747. He was tried in 1727 for 'neglect of duty, mis-
behaviour in public office, and violation of the trust and duty of office ' while
Lord Provost of Edinburgh during the Rebellion, and ' after the longest trial
recorded in the books of justiciary : (Arnot's History of Edinburgh, p. 222), was
unanimously found not guilty, See an interesting volume of printed and MS.
matter relating to the trial in the Signet Library, Edinburgh.

1745]

THE REBELLION

181

o-reat folks in this Country, for there was little or no care taken
to provide against the impending storm, no Lords Liutenants
were appointed as in 1715, for by the contentions of two
factions in Scotland, and even amongst the Ministry in
England, it coud not be agreed who should be intrusted with
Lieutenances, and therefor no body was named. The heads of
the two factions were the Duke of Argyle and the Marquise of
Twedale.

Under these disputes the Duke went to London, and with
him the Duke of Athole 1 and several other persons of note and
distinction, so that the country was entirely left to it self, for
no doubt some of the ministry wanted that Ave in Scotland
should worry one another, for their vanity and self-conceit was
so great that they never thought that the Rebels dared to
venture into the populous Country of England, where they had
so few Friends and so many Ennemies. Thus the country
people in the Southern and Western Shires of Scotland, many
of whom wou'd have chosen to have died in defence of the
Religion and Laws of their Country, were left to themselves,
without Arms and without Leaders.

About the Time that the young Pretender was marching
towards Edin. the Military state of the Country was this.
S ir John Cope had with him about 2500 men, there were in the
Castle of Stirling about 100 men, and in its nighbourhood 2
Regiments of Dragoons, Hamilton's and Gardiner's. The
Castle of Edin. had a Garrisone of about 200 men. In the
Town of Edin. were about 100 men or under belonging to the
Guard, and between 4 or 500 volunteers, all Gentlemen or
Burgers. These last had begun to put themselves in Regular
companies and to lairn their military Exercises. The Town
Walls were good for' nothing, but | were mounted with a few/*/,
cannon, and some barricads were made at the several ports, but
all these preparations were a little too slow, for the young Pre-

i On the approach of the rebels 'the Duke of Athole fled from his castle at
Blair, and it was immediatly occupied by Tullibardine [his elder brother, dis-
inherited, by Act of Parliament, for his share in the Rebellion of 1715], who
assumed the title of the head of the house,' and < issued his commands to the feu-
datories and tenantry of the estates to rally round his banner.'— Hill Burton's
History of Scotland, vol. viii. p. 442.

182

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1745

tender with his Highlanders, consisting chieflv of the clans in
Lochaber, moved on and passed the Forth at the foord of the
Freuis, 1 a little above Stirling.

As they advanced, the two Regiments of Dragoons were
ordered to retire towards Edin., which they did and encamped
near the Town, but so as to be frequently moved off" for greater
security to themselves, and by these means chiefly were intimi-
dated and taught, as I think, to be notorious Cowards, for as the
Highlanders were naturally affraied of Horse, thev were suffi-
cient to have put them all to the flight if they had keept their
ground, but all our Military Councils were at that time infatu-
ated. We were to be chastised for some time coming. About
the time the Rebels had taken possession of Lithgow, these
two Regiments, with the Town Guards of Edin., were ordered
to advance to the Colt-bridge, about a mile west of the Town.
I went and saw them there, the Dragoons placed on each side
of the road. I was delighted to see their order, and never
doubted but they wou"d prove sufficient to defend the Town.
I spoke to severals of them, and found them, as I thought,
very much resolved to stand their ground, but the Rebels no
sooner came in sight than their officers commanded them off
towards Musselburgh, where they went in prettv great hurry
and confusion. -

At that time we had a very worthy man at the Head of our
Military Affaires, one General Guest, 3 who in his time had been
an Active, diligent Souldier, but being a Man of above SG years
of age he cou'd scarsely stir out of his room. In the Castle we

J The Ford of Frew, a shallow part of the river formed by the efflux of the
Boquhan Water, about eight miles above Stirling.

2 This retreat was afterwards styled The Canter of Coltbrigg.

;; Joshua Guest, born in 1660 in Yorkshire, commanded the party of dragoons
who routed the fugitives at Perth, 21s; January 1716. He was a commissioner
to inquire into the Glasgow riots in 1725, and in 1745 he was sent from London
to replace Preston as deputy-governor of Edinburgh Castle. According to
Chambers, he proposed after the defeat of Prestonpans to surrender the castle,
a proposal successfully opposed by Preston, who remained as a volunteer, and
who, now in his eighty-seventh year, was wheeled round the guards every two
hours during the hottest part of the blockade. According to other accounts,
Guest refused a bribe of ,£200,000 to surrender the fortress, which ' he closed a
service of sixty years by faithfully defending.' After the suppression of the
Rebellion he returned to London in a horse-litter, and he died there 1747.

1745]

THE REBELLION

183

had another brave man of the same age, one General Preston, 1 so
that the few Troops we had at Edin. were in a manner without
heads or officers. The rebels were represented to be resolute
and numerous, so that the Dragoons and other Troops we had
were oblidged to shift for themselves, there was nothing to
trust to in Edin. but the Castle, and that furnished no other
defence for the Town than to oblidge the Rebels to march
towards Bred's | craigs 2 to be without reach of the cannon, foi.
There they incamped for a night, being then the 16 of
September.

From their Camp, they sent a messenger to the Provost and
Town Council of Edin. to surrender next morning, which, after
some disputes, with no great tenaciousness, they agreed to,
without any Terms at all. No promises or conditions were
made in behalf of the Volunteers or Town Guard, so that every
man did as he had a mind. The volunteers carried their arms
to the Castle, whence they had got them, immediatly after
they knew that the Town was to be given up, but the Town's
Arms were, by connivance of the Lord Provost and Magistrats,
to be left for the use of the Rebels. 3

1 Lieutenant-General George Preston, second son of Sir George Preston, first
baronet of Valleyfield. He was a captain in the service of the States-General in
1688, and attended the Prince of Orange to England in that year. He served
in all the wars of King William and Queen Anne, and was wounded at Ramillies.
From 1706 to 1720 he was colonel of the Cameronian regiment ; in 1715 he was
sent from London as deputy-governor of the Castle of Edinburgh ; and he was
commander-in-chief of the forces in Scotland for several years after. He died
7th July 1748, in his eighty-ninth year.

2 The Braid Hills,

3 In reply to a deputation from the city the Prince had replied : — ' . . . His
Royal Highness supposes that, since the receipt of his letter to the Provost, no
arms or ammunition have been suffered to be carried off or concealed, and will
expect a particular account of all things of that nature. . . .' 'And much
about the same time two of the officers of the voluntiers came to the council-
chamber and insisted that the scheme of defending the town should be resumed.
. . . To this the Lord Provost made several objections ; but, at last, in appear-
ance, yielded to the motion for defending the town, provided Gen. Guest
would agree to let them have arms from the castle. This the General, when
applied to, chearfully promised ; and at the same time proposed that the city
arms should be put into the hands of the well-affected. A wise proposal ! for it
had been a foolish measure from the beginning to call out and arm the trained
bands, many of whom were well known to be professed Jacobites, and therefore
very improper persons to be trusted with the defence of the city against the

184

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1745

Next morning by 4 5 a great body of the Highlanders
entered the Nether Bow port and took possession of the Town
Guard house, without opposition, and without offering any
injury to those they found in the streets. As to the young
Pretender, he and the bulk of his Savage Army marched about
^Pretendt^ ^ rom Bred's craigs to the east side of Dudeston and the King's
was proclaimed park, and took possession of the Abey of Holyroodhouse.
Edin. by I an d my family were at that time at Mavisbank, and my

pursurvants 1 Wife being uneasy that I should continue in the nighbourhood
in their of Edin., Ave, in company of my eldest daughter, left the

which they had house in the night time, lodged in a privat house within half a
vrayson that^" m ^ e °^ m ^ own nouse a ^ n % n t, and next day came in a coach
day s ir John to the Minister's 1 House of Mackerstone, near Kelso, for it
TrMpshehad hapned that both the Master and Mistress of the House had
reStndedT long in my family. _

Dunbar, if Thus my Wife and I in our old Age came to be in exile,

pretender. When Gen. Guest's answer was reported to the council, the
person who brought it was told, That as the person who had been sent to bring
back the deputies had not come up with them, the Provost and Council, as
they had entered upon a treaty, had come to a resolution not to defend the
town.' — The History of the Rise, Progress, and Extinction of the Rebellion,
second edition (London : R. Thomson, etc.), pp. 27-29. At the trial of Lord
Provost Archibald Stuart, one of the charges was that, ' In the same evening
of the sixteenth of September, One thousand seven hundred and forty-five,
it was proposed and urged in Council, where the said Archibald Stuart was pre-
sent, and presided, That the whole City Arms, being in Number about Twelve
hundred Firelocks and Bayonets, should be lodged and secured within the
Castle of Edinburgh, in order to prevent their falling into the Hands of the
Rebels ; but he, the said Archibald Stuart, refused or declined to give any order
for their Purpose, neither in Fact were the City-arms so lodged and secured, but
were seized by the Rebels upon their entring the City the Day following, who
came to Edinburgh so imperfectly armed, that the Supply of Arms which they
thus received appears to have been one principal Cause of the Disaster that befel
our Forces near Prestonpans, on the twenty-first Day of the same month of
September, One thousand seven hundred and forty-five.' — Criminal Letters : His
Majesty's Advocate for his Majesty's Interest against Archibald Stuart, late
Provost of the City of Edinburgh, p. 9.

1 The Rev. William Walker, M.A., son of the minister of Kirkurd, was
laureatedby the University of Edinburgh in 1713, licensed 1720, and presented
to the living of Makerston by John, Duke of Roxburgh, 1726. He was sus-
pended by the Synod of Lothian and Tweeddale, sine die, 5th November 1741 ;
and on 5th November 1744 they empowered the Presbytery of Peebles to take
off the sentence if they saw cause. He died 1759, aged sixty-six ; and his widow,
Christian Fiddes, died in 1773. — Scott's Fasti.

i/45]

BATTLE OF PRESTONPANS

1S5

which was often a melancholly reflexion to us both ; however, this had hapned
we lived in hopes for some days that should soon return th^Towncou'd
home, especially after we heard 'that S ir John Cope and the ™£-ve been
Troops under his command were come by sea from Aberdeen, handfuii of

i 11 , , i* i Highlanders,

and were landed at Dunbar. But these hopes soon van-

w ho were not

ished, for upon his approach to Preston pans, which was the ^ e qu m a e ^ e 0 d ds W o f h
third day after he landed, the Rebels being now well armed taking towns

■ . . and even if the

had the confidence to meet and fight him. lhe issue was Town's people

that he j was shamefully beaten by the cowardice of the two/^-2°9-

Regiments of Dragons above mentioned, who run away with- to % pre-

out attempting any thing. About 800 [of] the King's Troops serve it they

r o J o _ l j ^ a , might have ais-

were cut to pieces or taken prisoners. T lie Dragons went on appointed the

pretty entire, and never stoped till night that they got to the Rebels -
English borders, for one of them came that night to Cannall,
where my Wife and I chanced to be, and the other to Cold-
stream, so that they made a march that day of above 85 miles.
S ir John Cope, Lord Hume, 1 and some of their officers were
with them, and next day they all retired to Berwick, as the
only place in which they cou'd find safety for some time.

This memorable route of the King's Troops was on the
morning of the 21 of Sept. by day light. The Troops lay on
their Arms all night, and the Rebels lurked about the dyks Preston, 1745.
and ditches of Preston pans as if they had been to steal a drove
of Cattle. Thus far I do believe that they had their Eyes
mainly to the plunder they expected, for S ir John Cope and his
Troops carried a vast deal of Baggage with them, being secure
on their part of the victory. Few of our people behaved well
in this Battle, except, perhaps. Colonel Gardiner,' 2 who, en-

1 William, eighth Earl of Home, succeeded his father in 1720. After having
served on the Continent, he joined Cope's army at Dunbar in Sept. 1745 ; and
at the battle of Prestonpans endeavoured, unsuccessfully, to rally the dragoons.
He commanded the Glasgow regiment which joined the royal forces at Stirling in
December ; in 1750 was appointed colonel of the 48th foot ; and in 1752 of the
25th foot. In 1757 he became Governor of Gibraltar, where he died in 1761.

- Colonel James Gardiner, born 16SS, served in a Scots regiment in Holland ;
and, entering the English army, was wounded at Ramillies. Pie greatly dis-
tinguished himself at the taking of Preston, 1 7 1 5 ; and accompanied Lord Stair
as aide-de-camp during his embassy in Paris. In 1743 he became colonel of a
dragoon regiment ; and he was slain at the battle of Prestonpans, fought beside
his own house of Bankion, in 1745.

; The Colonel (Gardiner) was for a few moments supported by his men,

186

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

[1745

deavouring to stop his Regiment of Dragons, fell a sacrifice
to the fury of the Rebels. His own house hapned to be within
a quarter of a mile from the field of Battle, which the Rebels
affected to call Gladsmoor, 1 to make it quadrat with a foolish
old prophecy of Thomas the Rhymer,

' In Gladesmoor shall the Battle be ; '

but Gladesmoor happens to be at least two miles from the
field of Battle, which being just at the back of the Town of
Preston cou'd in no time or age have been different from what
it is at present, being one of the best fields in East Lothian
for all kinds of Grain.

After I heard the melancholly news of the loss of the Battle
I with my Wife and two of my Daughters went into England
and lay by accident at Cannall, 2 when one of the Regiments of
roi. 210. Dragoons ! came there as above.

and particularly by that worthy person lieutenant-colonel Whitney, who was
shot through the arm here, and a few months after fell nobly in the battle of
F alkirk ; and by lieutenant West, a man of distinguished bravery ; as also by
about fifteen dragoons, who stood by him to the last. But after a faint fire, the
regiment in general was seized with a panic, and though their colonel and some
other gallant officers did what they could to rally them once or twice, they at
last took to precipitate flight. And just as Colonel Gardiner seemed to be
making a pause to deliberate what duty required him to do in such a circumstance
... he saw a party of the foot who were bravely fighting near him, and whom
he was ordered to support, had no officer to head them ; upon which he said
eagerly, in the hearing of the person from whom I had this account, "Those
brave fellows would be cut to pieces for want of a commander," or words to
that effect : which while he was speaking he rode up to them and cried aioud,
"Fire on, my lads, and fear nothing." But just as the words were out of his
mouth, a Highlander advanced towards him with a scythe fastened on a long
pole, with which he gave him such a deep wound on his right arm that his
sword dropped out of his hand ; and at the same time several others coming
about him while he was thus dreadfully entangled with that cruel weapon, he
was dragged off his horse. The moment he fell, another Highlander, who, if
the king's evidence at Carlisle may be credited, as I know not why they should
not, though the unhappy creature died denying it, was one MacNought, who
was executed about a year after, gave him a stroke, either with a broadsword or
Lochaber axe, my informant could not exactly distinguish, on the hinder pan of
his head, which was the mortal blow. . . . '—See Doddridge's Life of Gardiner,
where the account of the Colonel's death was carefully compiled from the nar-
ration of John Foster, his servant, confirmed by a corporal in Colonel Lascelles : s
regiment, who was also an eye-witness.

* The village of Gladsmuir is about four miles south-east of Prestonpans.
- Channelkirk in Berwickshire.

i/45]

THE REBELLION

1ST

As many of their officers came to lodge under us in the same
house, we thought Hell had broken louse, for I never heard
such oaths and imprecations branding one another with
Cowardice and neglect of duty. Here we left them next morn-
ing and proceeded directly to Morpeth, but night coming on
within 2 miles of this place, we had a bad overturn in the
coach, and my Wife was very ill bruised. Next morning, in
the best way we cou*d, we crauled to the coach and got safely
to Durham at night, by the way of Newcastle, which, on the
news of the defeat of S ir John Cope, was in such a terrible con-
sternation, that if the Rebels had followed their Blow I believe
this important city had surrendered to them. Here at Durham,
for the sake of good company, I took up my place of Exile,
and continued there for above 6 weeks, only for diversion we
made a Trip to Studley park in Yorkshire, near Rippon, and
from thence to York. In this city we remained only a day
and two nights, for we found the Roads were to be crowded
with Troops under Marishal Wade, 1 designed to make head
against the Rebels, and these Troops were already as far
advanced as Ferry bridge and Wetherby. Lest therefor the
crouded Roads should be quite spoiled, we made haste to get
back to Durham, and staid there till the Highlanders were
come south the length of Carlyle.

I must here observe in general that where I staid and traveled
in England a most terrible pannick had possessed all the people
to that degree that many rich people about Newcastle, Durham,
and York, had sent oft a great deal of their Effects to Holand
and Hamburgh, and all their silver plate, jewels, money, and
such like domestick necessaries were hid under ground, so that
I had left England and returned to Scotland before these
things appeared again. We did the same in Scotland, and I
am affraied that many of us lost in that manner what will
never be supplied.

While I staid at Durham I was daily acquainted with the

- Field-Marshal George Wade, born 1673, entered the army and became
major-general in 1709. While commander-in-chief in Scotland, after the
Rebellion of 17 15, he constructed roads through the Highlands and a bridge
over the Tay. He became field-marshai in 1743, and from 1745 10 1 747 was
commander-in-chief of the British army. He represented Hindon and after
wards Bath in Parliament. Died 174s, and was buried in Westminster.

188

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1745

Transactions at Edin. The Highlanders were with difficulty
keept in order, and in the Country many Robries were committed.
They imposed contributions on the Town of Edin. to the
extent of about 6000 Kb. ster., and uplifted the Cess wherever
any was due. On privat Gentlemen they imposed contri-
foi. 211. butions of Hay | and Corns to a considerable valou. My im-
positions were 6000 stone of Hay and 76 bolls of oats, under
pains of military Execution, which was understood to be the
quartering of some Savage Highlanders upon us. As this
denounciation frighted all our servants and Tenants, the
contributions were readily paid, and the valou of my share in
all amounted to about 200 Kb. ster. But besides these im-
positions they quartered themselves frequently upon us and
our Tenants, so that the Family I left at Pennicuik was
oblidged to entertain some of their Chiefs three several times,
and frequently 16 or 20 at a time.

The Family I had then at Pennicuik consisted of my
1745- Daughter Babe, 1 and two young Ladies, Mrs. Holborn and
Miss Brown, a grandson, a chaplain, Gentlewoman Stuart, and
cook, with several servants. All my horses of any valou were
carried off to England.

When the Highland parties came they were civilly used, and
so committed no disorders about the House except that they
eated and drank all they coud find, and called for everything
as they thought fit, for they lookt on them selves to be the
Masters of all the Country.

They continued for 3 weeks in and about Edin., and were so
foolish as to think they cotfd take the Castle, 'tho they saw
that besides the provisions laid up in it for a siege of 3 or 4
Months, they had every day fresh provisions brought to them.
To prevent this, they made a sort of Blocade by puting Garri-
sons in some little houses between the West port and West
Kirk, but this produced a threatning letter from the Gover-
nors of the Castle to the Inhabitants of the Town that if
they did not procure the favour from the young Pretender to
get the Blocade removed, these Governours wou'd order Bombs
and hot bullets to be fired upon the Town. A limited day

1 Barbara, the baron's sixth daughter. See page 120.

1745]

THE REBELS IN EDINBURGH

1S9

was given to this military Execution, and in the mean time the
Magistrates sent a petition to the King to beg that the
Governours of the Castle might be discharged to fire on the
Town. | To this there was an Answere sent that these Gover- / 0
nours must do their best to preserve the Castle whatever the
consequence Avas. On hearing of this message the young Pre-
tender, to shew his regard and compassion to the good Town,
ordered the Blocade to be laid aside, and gave liberty to the
importation of provisions as formerly, 1 yet this was not done so
fullv as was wanted, for still Highland guards, and particu-
larly one at Livingston's 2 yards on the south side of the Castle
was [-sic] keept for some days by one Taylor, 3 a Shoemaker, who
did a world of mischief till lie was beaten and taken by a small
party from the Castle. The Governour of the Castle of Edin.
was at that time one Lord Mark Ker, unckle to the Marquise
of Lothian, 4 but as he was absent in England the command
fell on the Daputy-Governour, Brigadier General Preston, who
was assisted by General Guest, both above mentioned.

At last the Rebels having recruited their Army with supplies
from the North and provided for themselves a sufficient number
of Arms, particularly new Targets, and having got together a
great many Horses for their Cavalry and bagage, marched from

1 The Prince did not issue this proclamation till after the cannonade from the
Castle had begun on the afternoon of the 4th of October, and the garrison, after
dark, had made a sally, setting fire to houses near the Castle, and constructing a
trench between the fortress and the upper end of the Castle Hill, whence they
fired down the street, killing and wounding some of the rebels and inhabitants. —
Home's Rebellion, p. 126 (1S02). Compare Chambers's Rebellion, pp. 15S-60
(last, undated, edition).

- Livingston Yards lay to the west of the West Port of Edinburgh.

z This little incident of Taylor, the shoemaker, seems to have escaped the
notice of Chambers, Home, Arnott, and other historians of the Rebellion. A
'Tames Taylor, Shoemaker,' from Newmills of Boyn is included, as having
' carried Arms as a private man,' and as being at the time in hiding, in the
List 01 Rebels furnished by the Supervision of Excise at Banff. See Lists of
Persons concerned in the Rebellion. (Scot. Hist. Society. 1S90. )

4 Fourth son of Robert, fourth Earl of Lothian, born 1676. Entering the
army, he was wounded at Almanza, 1707; acted as brigadier-general at the
capture of Vigo ; commanded the 29th regiment of foot, 17 12 ; the 13th foot,
1725 ; and the nth dragoons, 1732-52. He was appointed governor of Edin-
burgh Castle, 30th July 1745, and died 1752. Of a punctilious disposition, he
was noted for his success as a duellist.

190

SIR JOHN CLERK S MEMOIRS

[1745

Edin. on the 1 of 1 into England by the way of

Carlyle. Their Army was divided in 3 bodies, one marched
by the way of Kelso, one by Peebles, and one by Moffat. But
at first no body knew whether they were to attaque the Army
under Marishal Wade, then lying in the moor of Newcastle, or
to march directly to Carlyle. This last route was what they
chiefly intended, and at last, after some consultations, they took
possession of Carlyle, with as little difficulty as they had taken
possession of Edinburgh. But without insisting on the par-
ticulars that hapned at Carlyle, I shall only observe that it was
very lucky for Scotland that the Rebels marched into England
and found so little opposition there, for if this had not hapned,
all Scotsmen wou'd have been reproached either with Cowardice
or disaffection to the Government, for before the Highlanders
entered England there was nothing heard in that country but
the mighty things their very Militia woud do against the
Rebels, "tho by the bye it appeared very evident to me that
100 Highlanders wou'd have routed 1000 of their Militia. |
/oi. 213. My only hopes, next to the assistence of almighty God,
depended entirely on the Troops which his Majesty had sent for
from Flanders, together with about 4 or 5000 Dutch and Swiss
who landed near Newcastle. These in all might amount to
above 30.000 men, and every day made new additions to their
numbers, for the Dukes of Kingstone, 2 Bedford, 3 and others had
raised no less than 13 Regiments of Horse and foot.

I observed while I staid in England a very great and un-
expected alacrity amongst all degrees of people for defending
our happy constitution, and 'tho but lately great pains were

1 There are blanks here in the MS. The Highlanders left Edinburgh on
the 1st and the 3d of October. See Chambers's Rebellion.

- Evelyn Pierrepont, born 171 1 ; succeeded his grandfather as second Duke
of Kingston 1726; invested aK.G., 1741 ; in 1745 raised 'Kingston's' regiment
of light horse, of which he was colonel; died 1773. VValpole styles him 'a
very weak man, of the greatest beauty and finest person in England.'

3 John Russell, fourth Duke of Bedford, was born in 1710, and succeeded to
the title in 1732. He became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1744; raised for
the royal service a regiment of foot, of which he was appointed colonel in 1745 ;
was Secretary of State for the Southern Department 174S-51 ; in 1762 was
Plenipotentiary to France ; and Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 1756-61. He died
in 1771.

1745]

THE REBELLION

191

used to reproach the Hannoverians and render them despicable
in the eyes of the people of England, yet now things took
another turn, especially since the last year's Battle at Fonte-
noy, for at that time the Hannoverians behaved so well that
many of the English souldiers protested to me that they were
willing to divide a Loaf with them. Thus matters stood at
the begining of the Rebellion ; however, the King thought fit
rather to ask assistence from the Dutch than bring over any
of his Hannoverians.

I noticed before that Marishal Wade with a great body of
Troops was come the length of York and Wetherby. These
consisted of about 10.000 Horse and foot. The Horse being:
3 Regiments were quartered at Durham, and as their officers
were mostly very brave deserving Men, I was constantly with
them, till they were called off to attend Marishal Wade on
his camp on the moor of Newcastle. It was then very bad
weather, being in the month of November, and many of the
souldiers indured great hardships by cold and fatigue; however,
as the Rebels were then laying their schems for taking Carlyle
there was a necessity for the Marishal to march to Hexam in
his way to engage them, but bad weather and bad ways pre-
vented his endeavours, for the Rebels marched south towards
London, and the Marishal with his fatigued Troops was
oblidged to return to Newcastle.

Then it was that I and my Family left Durham to return
to Edin. We got to Newcastle before the souldiers under the
Marishall returned, and next day in frost and snow through
monstruous bad ways we set northwards, and bv slow journies
got to Berwick j and from thence back to Edin. where we found fo
things much in the same condition we left them, onlv that our
friends were much divided in their principles, as to their Loyalty
to King George and Jacobitism. I perceived plainly that all
the poor shortsighted wrong-headed folks were jacobites, for
they made no question but the Highlanders wou'd be able to
beat the Troops in England, and had nothing to do but to take
possession of London with all the ease imaginable. However, in
a little time they found themselves vastly disappointed when
they heard that after the Rebels had got the length of Derby
they were so frighted for the Duke of Cumberland, his

192

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

[i/45

majesty's second son, and the troops under his command, that
they marched back to Scotland in a very great hurry, and got
to Drumfrise where they halted for a day. The Duke had with
him about 10,000 men in all, Horse and foot, which was indeed
a force which the Rebels coifd never pretend to resist, but after
they began their retreat into Scotland the Duke made no
difficulty to pursue them with about 4 or 500 Horse. 1

I may here notice with regard to my privat family that
the eldest son James on hearing that the Rebellion was beo-un
left Holand and came to London. There he got recommen-
datory Letters to some of the officers of the Army, and marched
to joyn the King's Troops as a Volunteer. I commended his
zeal, but since he had not been bred in a military way I dis-
suaded him from the service, but rather to go home to Scotland
and do what service he cou'd amongst the country people. He
took my advice and left me at Durham. In the mean time,
George, my second son, joined himself to a body of Yorkshire
Gentlemen who went under the name of the Roval Hunters.
These came to General Wade at Newcastle, and by his orders
were sent on several exploits to recognoitre the Rebels. When
the Marishal marched south to joine the Duke of Cumberland
they went with him, and when the Highlanders were on their
retreat to Scotland they left the Marishal and joined the Duke
in his pursuit of the Rebels to Carlyle, and in taking that place.
No sooner we heard at Edin. that the Rebels were returnino-
toI. 2I3 . than we gave up the Town for lost and | many of us were pre-
paring to fly into England, for we never doubted but the Rebels
wou'd return directly and take possession of their former
quarters. We continued for some time in suspence, and at
last heard that they had returned by Dumfrise and Drum-
lanrick to Glasgow, where they continued for some weeks 2
raising contributions and greatly oppressing the people.

1 The Duke left London on the 24th of November, and superseded Sir John
Ligonier in the command of the army of 10,000 men, chief])' veteran and experi-
enced, that had been mustered in Staffordshire. He pursued the retreating
Highlanders from Preston with a force of 3000 or 4000 horse. Having captured
Carlisle he returned to London, to be ready to repel an expected invasion from
France. See Chambers's Rebellion.

- The rebels entered Glasgow on the 25th and 26th December, and left on
the 3d of January. — See Chambers's Rebellion, pp. 209 and 212.

1745]

THE REBELLION

193

About this time our fears at Edin. came to wear off
by degrees, for about J 3 Regiments of foot came to Edin.,
being part of the army which had been under the command
of Marishal Wade, and the Generals Haley 1 and Husk 2 were
sent to command them. The Duke of Cumberland, after the
recovery of Carlyle from the Rebels, had returned back to
London. About this time another affliction hapned in my
family, for my Wife, my son John, 3 and daughter Joanna 4 fell
ill of a feaver. They were long ill, and had several relapses,
but it pleased God to recover them.

I my self was likeways seised with a cholera morbus flux and January i 74 6.
vomiting. I fainted, and was very ill for two days, but I got
the better of my distemper by nature and the advice of my
cousin, Doctor Clerk, 5 who had been likeways very assisting
to the rest of the Invalides of my Family.

I was very sensible that I had brought my distemper upon N.B.— besides

fears and

1 Lieutenant-General Henry Hawley, said to have been borr about 1679, a
grandson of the first Lord Hawley. He commanded the left wing of the royal
army at Sheriffmuir. and was second in command of the horse at Dettingen and
at Fontenoy. He was appointed to the command of the army, in the absence of
the Duke of Cumberland. On the morning of the battle of Falkirk he break-
fasted with the Jacobite Countess of Kilmarnock at Callander House ; and first
his negligence, and then his precipitate orders, contributed materially towards the
disgraceful issue of the day. After the battle of Culloden he was most remorse-
less Li his severities against the rebels. He afterwards accompanied the Duke
to Flanders, in command of the cavalry, and in 1752 became Governor of Ports-
mouth. He died in 1759.

- General John Huske was born about 1692, and in 1708 was appointed
ensign in Caulfield : s regiment. He was present as a brigadier at Dettingen,
where he 1 behaved gloriously,' and was severely wounded. He commanded the
five regiments and the dragoons and militia who, on the 13th of January 1746, left
Edinburgh for Linlithgow ; and, with Brigadier Cholmondeley, he commanded
the right of the royal army at the battle of Falkirk, whose force checked the pur-
suing Highlanders and saved the English army from destruction. At Culloden
he commanded Fleming's regiment, the 35th, and greatly distinguished himself.
After serving in Flanders and Minorca, he became full general in 1756. He
was appointed governor of Sheerness in 1745, and of Jersey in 1760, and died
in 1761.

3 See note 2 , page 115, and note s , page 135.

4 The Baron's fifth daughter. See page 116.

5 Dr. John Clerk, ' the most celebrated physician that has appeared in Scot-
land since Dr. Pitcairn, whom he is said to have resembled in sagacity and in-
tuition.' Eldest son of Dr. Robert Clerk. See note 3 , page II ; also Ramsay
of Ochtertyre's Scotland and Scotsmen, vol. i. pp. 234-235.

194. SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1746

Anxieties, the me by a large quantity of Green Kail which I chanced to eat
Wife and m y e at Dinner, nor is this the first time that I have felt the bad
were greatly effects of Green Kail, for in cold, rainy Winters they are

sunk and over- , J r.

whelmed by always unwholesome, and at this very time they brought an
frehadrafe 5 Epidemical flux upon many of the country people. From
loss of our son thence we maybe instructed that there are few deseases that

Hary, and •*

which brought affect us but what enter our bodies by the mouth. Still some
tknein remem- piece of Intemperance or other afreets us especially at such
branceofour times as this was, when our minds were filled with fears and

son Patrick. \ . .

in these two Anxieties, as I believe every body's was during the time of the
loss^were™' 17 Rebellion, those of the Rebel party, in case they and their
equal with ours. f r i enc J s did not succeed in their Enterprise, and the Friends of

Lord sustain us. J 7

They brought, the Government least the Rebels should succeed, for inevitable

particularly on . , . •■ , , . , i

me, aswiming, ruine hung over the one party or the other.

and pain in my -g t t return to the military operations in Scotland, as soon

head, wmch I . ...

never intend to as our Generals had the Troops in any tollerable condition |
foi. 216. they marched to attaque the Rebels between Stirling and
complain of, Falkirk. All men's Expectations were intent upon the Event,
rfbuttoSeSS and the Generals were so secure of the victory that when they
came in sight of the Highland Army, they contemned them so
much that with all the calmness in the world they went to
dinner, and at last suffered themselves to be attaqued, whereas
they ought to have marched forward to meet the Rebels.

The neglect of this motion brought the Battle on much
later in the afternoon than it ought to have been, and the con-
sequence of this was fatal to our Troops, for there hapned
such a storm, or rather, hurrycane of Wind and rain, that
their Firearms were rendered useless, whereas the Highlanders
relied most on their swords. But what was worst of all, a
pannick got so much possession of the Souldiers, that some of
them ran off without firing one shot at them, and left their

Sir R. Monro 0 ffi cers exposed to the fury of the Rebels. Sir Robert Monro 1
of Foules. l -

and some other brave men fell a sacrifice here, but more to the

1 Sir Robert Munro, sixth baronet of Foulis, rendered important service to
the government in 171 5, in delaying the rising of the clans Mackenzie and Mac-
donald till Argyll had collected a sufficient force to oppose them. In 1740 he
became lieutenant-colonel of the Highland regiment commanded by the Earl of
Crawford, which distinguished itself in Germany and Flanders ; and he was slain
by the Highlanders at the battle of Falkirk 1745.

THE BATTLE OF FALKIRK

3 95

cowardice of our own Troops than the bravery of the Rebels,

for it is certain that the generality of them had no mind to

fight at all. This appeared by what hapned to the right wing

of our Army, for it was never attaqued ; on the contrary, the

Rebels marched to attaque the left of our Army, and very

little wou'd have put them in confusion. We had two or three

Regiments of Dragoons, not indeed compleat, on our left, and

those, to regain their honour which they had lost at the

Battle of Preston, attaqued the right of the Rebel Army with

great bravery. Many of them were killed and put to the

flight, which, when the Infantry on that side of our Army

observed, they took to their heels, and whole Regiments ran N.B. — There

off without firing or receiving a fire from the Ennemy. Thus 0 f onlookers

our brave Army of Regular Troops which amounted to about harm^fofas^

8000 men, and who had behaved well in Flanders, fled before they came not

f i i • j_i i there to fi^ht,

an Army or no greater iorce than their own, to the shame they ran off
and disgrace of all military discipline. Our Generals perceived firs°, n ^d came
this with great grief of heart, as may be supposed, and finding directly to Edin.

. . e , , . , i i t» i However, my

it impossible to raly their men, they took the Resolution to son James, who
inarch that night back to Lithgou, which they did in good tirme?tm our"'
order, but left their Tents and most of their baggage, with S -^ m y retired,
pieces of Cannon in the hands of the Rebels, j In the mean- foi.
time, it was very remarkable that tho the Rebels had gained J h \ s Action at

* aa -._ I" cLIKirK W3.S

the Battle they did not perceive it at first, for their loss was very oddly
so small that they took it for some strategem of war that our bo^slles, for
Troops were retired. They were, as they thought, to be ^hiin^ Armv
drawn into an Ambuscade, wherefor it was more than an had fled away '
houer before they wou'd venture to return to the field of f ime thaTours
Battle, but at last, understanding by their spies that our
Army was retiring to Lithgou, they took Courage, and took
possession of all the Tents and Baggage, and lay in and about
Falkirk that night this unhappy Action hapned on.

In the mean time, by a singular Fortune, this unhappy
Event turned out much to our advantage and the ruine of
the Rebel Army, for it dreu down his Highness the Duke
of Cumberland into Scotland, who absolutely restored the
courage of our souldiery. He came to Edin. on 1 of 1745.

o *

1 There is a blank here in the MS. The Duke arrived in Edinburgh early in
the mornin"- of the 30th of January 1746. — Chambers's Rebellion, p. 247.

196

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1746

Nov 1 ., and after puting things in some order, which he did
with that dispatch as to be finished in a day, he marched to
Lithgou, and next morning to Falkirk to attaque the Rebels.
They were confounded at the news of the Duke's arrival in
Edin., but to that degree when they heard that he was come
to Lithgou, that early next morning they resolved to abandon
all their conquests in the south and retire northwards, where
they expected to be joined by some French Troops and by a
body of about 3000 men which L d . Louis Gordon, 1 Brother to
the Duke of Gordon, had got togither, for the service of the
young pretender. In a word, they passed the Forth above
Stirling, and in 3 bodies marched northward, one by the Blair
of Athole, one by Dunkel and Brichen, and one by Perth and
Dundee.

After the Battle of Falkirk the Castle of Stirling was
closely besieged by the Rebels, supported by some French,
who, with a few battering pieces, landed at Montrose. The
Rebels and their Friends in Edin. placed great hopes on the
success of this enterprise, for as all things were easy in their
Imaginations, thev never doubted but that Castle wou'd fall
into their hands in a feu days, after their j Trenches were
opened, but they found themselves vastly disappointed, for
the Governour of the Castle. General Blakeney, 2 and his
Garisone, made so good a defence that the Cannon of the
besiegers were dismounted, and most of the French Engeneers
destroied before the Duke of Cumberland came the length of
Falkirk.

The Highlanders in their retreat did one very brutal action,
for they blew up their powder Magazine in the Kirk of St.
Ninians near Stirling, and with it designed to have destroied

1 Lord Lewis Gordon, third son of Alexander, second Duke of Gordon, was
a lieutenant in the navy: but in the rebellion of 1745 he raised a regiment of
two battalion; for the Pretender, and defeated the royalists, under the Laird of
Macleod, near Inverurie, 23d December. After Culloden he escaped abroad ;
was attainted ; and died, unmarried, at Montreuil, in 1754.

2 General William Blakeney, born 1672. Though he distinguished himself
in Marlborough's campaigns, he was not promoted colonel till 1737. In 1745
he defended Stirling Castle, as mentioned above, and defeated the Highlanders
by a sudden attack ; and in 1756, at the age of eighty-four, he signalised himself
by his gallant defence of Minorca. He died in 1761, and was buried in West-
minster.

SIEGE OF STIRLING CASTLE

197

many innocent people. Some perished, but most part of those
near the Kirk escaped. 1

The Duke was received in Stirling with great joy, and next
day the Dutchess of Perth 2 and some Ladies taken in that
nighbourhood were sent prisoners to the Castle of Edin.
This action was esteemed a little uncourtly for a young man
like the Duke of Cumberland, but there was a necessity for
this piece of severity, that women might understand that they
might be punished for Treasone as well as others.

After this the Duke followed his blow and marched all his
troops to Perth, which the Rebels abandon"d.

In this Town the Duke thought fit to refresh his Army,
and in the meantime took care to provide them with money,
Forrage, and all kinds of provisions in great plenty.

At this instant of time the prince of Hess, 3 Son in Law to
our King, landed at Lieth, and with him 4S00 foot and about
80 Hussars. We did not at that time want them, since the
Duke had put the Rebels to flight, but as they were already
on British pay it was thought proper to employ them in Scot-
land and spend their pay where they had it. The prince of
Hess was received at the Abey of Holyroodhouse with all the
marks of respect and esteem that were in our pouer. All
those who had been in the Magistracy of Edin., all the
Ministers in the Presbitry of Edin., all the heads of Colleges,
and all Gentlemen of any fashion or account in the shire,

1 ' In the hurry of the occasion, the powder belonging to the army, amount-
ing to fifty barrels, was blown up in the church of St. Ninian's, killing ten country-
people and also some of the Highlanders, besides endangering the person of the
Prince and some other persons of note who were passing through the village at
the time. It is not certain whether an order had been given to destroy this
powder ; but certainly its explosion at that particular moment must have been
accidental, when the preceding circumstances are considered. . . . The Whig
party papers represented the St. Ninian's accident in a light unfavourable to the
Prince, alleging that he had ordered the explosion for the purpose of destroy-
ing the church and killing unoffending villagers. So ridiculous a charge is not
worthy of notice.' — Chambers's Rebellion, p. 254.

- Lady Tean Gordon, daughter of George, first Duke of Gordon, and widow
of Tames, second (titular) Duke of Perth. She was committed prisoner to Edin-
burgh Castle, nth February 1746 ; liberated on bail, 17th November following;
and died at Stobhall in 1773.

3 Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse Cassel. He married the Princess Mary,
fourth daughter of George II., in 1740.

19S

SIR JOHN CLERIvS MEMOIRS [1746

waited on him. I was introduced to kiss his hands by the
Earl of Crauford, 1 who had attended him over, and I was with
his highness several times after this. I found him to be a
Comely young Man of about 25 years of Age, of a middle
stature, and of great benevolence and humanity. He behaved
exceedingly well towards everybody, and went to our Musick
foi. 219. meetings and balls wherever he chanced to be invited. | He
had not been at the Abey above two days, when the Duke of
Cumberland, his brother in Law, waited on him from Perth,
and staid with him for a day and two nights. I suppose they
concerted togither their operations, and the result was that the
Hessians were quartered in Edin., Leith, Musslebrugh, and
Dalkieth, where they continued for several weeks, and behaved
always well in their Quarters. They seemed all to be pickt
Men, for I never saw a body of handsomer Men in my Life,
most of them, if not all, were at least 5 feet 8 inches high, and
very many above 6 feet, and of a very cleanly make. 2

After the Duke of Cumberland had refreshed the Army and
prepared all kinds of provisions necessary, he marched from
Perth to Aberdeen, which the Rebels abandoned on his ap-
proach.

His highness continued in that place for several weeks as in
a Winter quarter, but about the 1 of Aprile 3 he began his
march to Inverness, where the Rebels keept their head
quarters.

While the Rebels continued at Inverness they took Fort
Augustus, formerly called Killichimy, 4 at the head of Lochness,

1 John, eighteenth Earl of Crawford, succeeded his father in 1713. After
the battle of Fontenoy he accompanied the Landgrave of Hesse Cassel from Ant-
werp, and took part in the operations against the rebels. Died 1749.

- These troops seem to have made an especially good impression on the Scots
generally. See note in Chambers's Rebellion, p. 259.

3 ' The Duke of Cumberland remained from 25th of February till the 8th of
April in Aberdeen.'— Chambers's Rebellion, p. 275.

4 The Rev. Father Hunter Blair, of St. Benedict's Abbey, Fort Augustus,
informs me that Kilquhunan or Kilichuiman, 'the burial ground of the Cummins,' 5
is the name still in use for Fort Augustus by the native Gaelic-speaking popula-
tion of the district. The name ' Kilchuinan ' appears in the original drawings
made by Pont in his survey of Scotland, about 160S, and in the map of Inver-
ness-shire, in Blaeu's Atlas, published at Amsterdam in 1662, for which these
drawings were used.

1746]

THE REBELLION

199

and they laid siege to Fort William by the help of their
French cannon, mortars, cohorns, and Engeneers. They never
doubted of success, but the Garisone made such a resistence
that in the end the Rebels were oblidged to abandon their
enterprise. With the same bad success they laid siege to the
Castle of Blair, which they battered for some days, but the
Garrisone there, calling two Regiments of Hessians to their
assistence, who, with the prince of Hess, had lately come to
Perth, they no sooner appeared than the party who besieged
that place under L d . George Murry 1 retired towards Rivan in
Badenoch. 2

The Rebels in appearance had some better success at Ding-
wall, for a party under the Earl of Cromarty 3 passed the
Murry frith in the night time, and oblidged the Earl of
Loudon, 4 Duncan Forbes of Culloden, Precejdent of Session, fi>2. 220.
with about 1500 men under his command, to disband and
retire to their several habitations from whence they had come.
Those of Sutherland and Strathneven retired towards Caithness,
and the Earl of Loudon and the Precedent with S ir Alex dr

1 Lord George Murray, fifth son of John, first Duke of Atholl, was wounded
in the battle of Glenshiel in 17 19, and, after making his escape, entered the
Sardinian service. Receiving a pardon, he returned to Britain ; but, engaging
in the Rebellion of 1745, he acted as lieutenant-general of the rebel force. After
Culloden he escaped to France, and then to Rome, where he was well received
by the Prince. He died at Medemblik in Holland, in 1760. His son became
third Duke of Atholl in 1 764.

2 ' Ruthven Barracks crowned a conical mound, the site of a castle of the
Comyns, Lords of Badenoch, ih miles S. by E. of the village (Kingussie), on
the opposite side of the Spey.' — Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland, Article 'Kin-
gussie.'

3 George, third Earl of Cromarty, succeeded his father in 1731. Engaging
in the Rebellion of 1745, he raised about 400 of his clan, and was present at the
battle of Falkirk. On 15th April 1746. along with his son Lord Macleod, he
was surprised and captured at Dunrobin by a party of the Duke of Sutherland's
militia, and sent to London. He was condemned to death, but was pardoned
in 1749, and died 1766.

4 James, fourth Earl of Loudon, :>rn 1705, succeeded his father in 1731. In
the Rebellion of 1745 he raised a regiment of Highlanders, of which he was
appointed colonel, and exerted himself greatly in the royal interest. In 1756 he
was constituted general and commander-in-chief in America ; but he was re-
called by Pitt. He was second in command of the British troops sent to Portugal
in 1762 ; and colonel of the 3rd regiment of foot-guards from 1770 till his death
in 1782.

200

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1746

Macdonald and Lord Fortrose or Seaforth, as he was sometimes
called, retired to the Island of Sky.

But this good success did not long attend the Rebels, for
the L d Cromarty and his son 1 were shamefully beaten and taken
prisoners by the sons of Lord Rae, 2 who a little before had
taken a sloop from France with about 12,000 lib. ster. in it.
This sloop belonged at first to his majesty King George, and
was called the Hasard sloop. She was taken by the Rebels in
the Ri ver of Montrose, and was afterwards called the Prince
Charles. She had been a voyage into France with some
messages from the Rebels, and, as I mentioned before, was
returned with money at the time she was forced on shore
by a ship of our Fleet. The loss of this little ship of war
entirely disconcerted the measures of the Rebels, for having
no money they were oblidged to stand the chance of a Battle
with the Duke of Cumberland on the moor of Colloden, where
they were severly chastised, 'tho they were in numbers superior
to the Duke. The Battle was fought on the 10 of Aprile, 8
after his Highness had marched that morning from Nairn, at
the distance of about 10 miles. They lost in the Battle and
in the pursuit between 3000 and 4000 men, 4 with all their
Cannon and Bagage. They were very regularly drauen up,

1 John, Lord Macleod, son of George, third Earl of Cromarty, born 1727,
was in 174S pardoned for his share in the Rebellion. He entered the service of
the King of Sweden, by whom he was created Count of Cromarty. Returning
to Britain in 1777, he raised two Highland battalions, and became colonel of the
71st regiment ; and, after a distinguished career, he died in 1781.

- Donald Mackay succeeded his father in 1748, as fourth Lord Reay, and
died in 1761. His half-brother, the Hon. Colonel Hugh Mackay of Bighouse.
died in 1770.

s The battle was fought on the 16th of April.

4 ' Tne number of Highlanders slain upon the field of Culloden was never
well ascertained, but it could not be much less than a thousand. '—Chambers's
Rebellion, p. 310. < The newspapers and magazines published at that time make
the number amount to 2000 or 3000. Other accounts make the number to be
less than 1000.'— Home's Rebellion, p. 23S. 'Charles's army before Falkirk
was at least 9000, and at Culloden perhaps not less than Sooo. In that curious
little book, The Letters of a Volunteer with Cumberland's Army, the author, on
hearsay evidence, estimates the Jacobite loss at Culloden at 2000 killed, besides
222 French and 326 prisoners. . . . Lord President Forbes says they were sup-
posed to have Sooo men at Culloden, "of whom one-half are probably destroyed
or in custody." The Duke of Argyll, in an article published in 18S3, alludes to
a manuscript in the British Museum which states that the greatest number of men

1746] THE BATTLE OF CULLODEN 201

and were in number between eght and nine thousand, including

about 500 French or Irish whom the King of France had at

different times sent from Ostend and Dunkirk to their assist- Battle of

ence. 1 The Duke's loss did not exceed 250 killed and wounded. 2 Colloden -

The right of the first line of the Rebels behaved well, for they

broke in upon Barrels Regiment, 3 and had cut it in pieces if it

had not been supported by a Regiment which belonged to our

second line, and was immediatly behind them. 4 However, they

behaved, { in general, very ill, for the whole left wing of their /<?/. 221.

first line, and all their second line, and their Corps de reserve

with which was the young pretender, ran away without firing

a shot. The whole action did not last for above 36 minuts,

and the Rebels never attempted to raly again, but fled every

way, and the far greatest number of their Army were taken

prisoners, so that in a week or two after, all the prisons in

Scotland were crouded with them. The young pretender, Lord

Elcho, 5 Lord George Murry, L d John Drummond, 6 and Lord N.B.— Some of

Louis Gordon, Mr. Murry, the pretender's secretary, and many ^ ™ H

others retired to the Hills, in hopes of finding a vessel in the t l0 -l Ber s' nen

in arms against the Government did not exceed 11,000. This points to a higher
estimate than any that I had seen.' — The Earl of Rosebery's Preface to A List
of Persons eonce-rned in the Rebellion (Scottish History Society, 1S90).

1 Chambers estimates the rebel forces as about 5000 men (p. 2S5) ; see also
note in Home's Rebellion, p. 228.

- 1 A list of the killed and wounded (on the royal side), published by authority,
makes the number amount to 310, officers included. Four officers were killed,
fourteen were wounded. — Home's Rebellion, p. 237.

3 Barrel or Burrel's grenadiers, now the 4th. It was in this regiment that Lord
Robert Ker, second son of the Marquis of Lothian, and the most distinguished
royalist who fell at Culloden, was a captain.

4 See Home's Rebellion, pp. 232-33.

5 David, Lord Elcho, eldest son of James, fourth Earl of Wemyss. tie was
born in 1721 ; engaging in the Rebellion of 1745, he was colonel of the first
troop of the Pretender's life-guards ; after Culloden he escaped to France, and
was attainted. His next brother, Francis, succeeded as fifth Earl, on his death
at Paris in 17S7.

G John, second son of James, Lord Drummond, second (titular) Duke of
Perth, was educated at Douay, and entered the service of the King of France,
raising the regiment of Royal Scots, with whom, and other troops, he landed at
Montrose, under the style of ' commander-in-chief of his most Christian Majesty's
forces in Scotland,' and joined the Pretender on his return from England. After
Culloden he escaped to France, and served with distinction, under Marshal Saxe,
in Flanders, dying at Bergen-op-Zoom in 1747.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1746

we^Teret'aken West coasts that mi S ht transport them to France. But the
[by]orderof the Marquise of Tullibarden, 2 the Earl of Cromarty and his son,
marf.i 0 6 the Earl of Kilmarnock, with several Knights and Gentlemen
of the Rebel Army, were taken prisoners. The Duke marched
that night into Inverness, and a few days afterwards the Earl
of Loudon and the L d Precedent returned from the Isle of Sky
to his Highness.

The success of this Battle gave universal joy, especially to the
friends of the Government, but there were even Jacobites who
were at least content at what had hapned, for peace and quiet-
ness began now to break in, whereas Anxiety and distress of
various kinds had possessed the breasts of most people ever
since the Rebellion broke out. All Trade and business in this
Country were quite at a stand ; for my part, 'tho I never lost
hopes of seing a speedy end put to our trubles, and possessed
as much tranquillity of mind as I cou'd wish for, yet because
I neither eated nor sleept so much as before the Rebellion
broke out, I found my flesh sensibly decay, and I know not
but there might be the same proportionable decay in the
spirits, being now 70 years of Age on the 8 of feb. last. |
foi. 2=2. Thus our publick affaires stood on the 22 of May 1746, and
my privat affaires as above, being now at Pennycuik house

1 ' A party, in which were included Lord Ogilvie, Mr. Hunter of Burnside,
Mr. Fletcher of Benshie, David Graham of Duntroon, and David Fotheringham,
who had been governor of Dundee for Prince Charles, got on board a vessel
riding off the Lights of Tay, and reached Norway in safety. The British Govern-
ment had enjoined all friendly Powers to aid in apprehending the unfortunate
adherents of the Prince. The King of Denmark had consequently ordered all
vessels landing in his ports to be examined, and all persons not possessing pass-
ports to be apprehended. These gentlemen were accordingly seized and put
into prison in the castle of Bergen, but were soon after allowed to make their
escape to France. It may be added that Mr. Hunter was one of the five exiles
whom Smollett describes in such touching terms in his novel of Peregrine Pickle
as living at Boulogne, and going every day to the seaside in order to indulge
their longing eyes with a prospect of the white cliffs of Albion, which they must
never approach. ' — Chambers's Rebellion, p. 323.

2 William, Marquis of Tullibardine, second son of John, first Duke of Atholl
was one of the first who joined the Earl of Mar and proclaimed the Pretender in
1715. He returned to Scotland in 1719, and fought at the battle of Glenshiel.
In 1745 he accompanied Prince Charles to Scotland, and unfurled his standard
at Glenfinnan. After Culloden, he surrendered himself, and died in the Tower
of London in 1746.

1745]

DEATH OF HIS SON HENRY

203

with my Eldest son to put such papers and other things in order
which the Rebellion had throwen into the greatest confusion, for
most of my Effects were either hiden under ground or put in
such secret places as gave me considerable thought, and truble
to set right again. But I go back to the time I left my Exile
in England in novemb r last.

On my return to Edin., my Wife and I were certainly in-
formed of our great loss by the death of our son Henry, who
was the Twin Brother of my son Patrick, who died two years
before at Carthagena. 1 I had got some accounts of this great
family disaster while I staid at Durham, but never firmly
believed it, nor communicated it to my wife till we were got
back to Edin. Thus afflictions on afflictions were heaped on us,
but we were oblidged to submit to the providence of God, more
especially when both of us reflected that by means of our
approaching old Age we should soon be in these circumstances
when no sorrous or Griefs cou'd attaque us.

Our deseased son was about the Age of 27 when he died in
the East Indies of a lingring distemper : he had been bred to
the sea since his Age of 14, and at the time of his death was
first Liutenant to the Earl of Noresk, who commanded a Man
of War of 50 Guns sent to the Indies with other 3 ships of SehtyhcSSt*
War under the command of Commodore Barnet. 2 Thev had friendly man.
just before taken 3 French East India ships, and my sons share CO u'd to recover
of the Capture was intrusted to the s d Earl of Noresk. IhS" ed^y*"

The loss my family sustained bv the death of this Lad son John., and

J - - „ „ daughter Bettv,

cannot be remembered by me without tears, for he was one oi to whom they'
that diligence and capacity, and that skill in navigation and %sereleft '
the mathematical sciences, as wou'd have rendered him a bless-
ing; to his Relations.

1 See page 162.

- Commodore Curtis Earnett, the son of a lieutenant who was lost in the
' Stirling Castle' in 1703, was in 1726 a lieutenant in Sir Charles Wagers flag-
ship, the 'Torbay.' In 1730 he commanded the ' Spence' sloop on the coast of
Ireland; and in 1731 the 'Bideford' frigate. In 1744 he sailed in the 'Dept-
ford' for Porto Praya. where he captured a Spanish privateer ; and cruised with
the 'Preston ' in the Straits of Banca, where, 26th January I745 ; they captured
three large French East Indiamen from China, which they sold to the Governor
of Batavia for ,£92,000. After cruising in the Bay of Bengal, he died at Fort
St. David's, 2d May 1746.

204

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

fol. lis.

This boy is a
fine schollar,
and of great
application to
learning and
business of all
kinds.

N.B.— The
French Ships
brought in a
supply of 3500
pistols, but it
will remain a
question what
became of it all

N.B. — French
promises and
Highland
Armies arc
never to be de-
pended upon,
as may be
known from
several In-
stances within

From that time I found a sensible decay | in my strength,
for the loss of my two Lads came constantly in my mind night
and day, "tho I did all I cou'd to summon up my resolutions
and behave with tollerable decency, few afflictions in Life but
what were upon me at this time.

In Aprile and May 1746 my son Mathew fell ill of a Feaver
at Dalkieth, and was many weeks before he recovered, and
about the same time my Grandson John, 1 my son George's son,
at Pennycuik, was ill of the measles. Some of his children at
Drumfrise were inoculated of the small-pox, and one of them,
William, 2 died of them. Inoculations of this kind were common
in that place, and not one of a hundered died. Some com-
plained of this practise, but I know not why it may not be
as lawful and expedient to prevent a desease as to endeavour to
cure one. God in his providence has ordained the particular
means to be used in sickness as well as in health, and whatever
our Deaths be as to their kind God has ordained them. How-
ever, I woifd never advise to inoculat for the small-pox any
but strong and seemingly healthy children ; weak ones may
probably die.

Now to return to the Rebellion, 2 Men of War or priva-
teers of force from France landed some money and arms on the
Western Highland coast, about the Isle of Mull. 3 This en-
couraged some of the Macdonalds and Camrons to draw too-ither
again, as some said, to the number of 2, 3, or 4000. On this
news the Duke of Cumberland marched from Inverness with 12
Batalions towards Fort Augustus and Fort William on friday
the 23 May 1746, and no body doubted of his success, 'tho the
wild Clans behoved to labour for their French pay for some
days, but these must be few and evil in all humane probability.
However, as small helps are trusted to by those who are in

1 Afterwards fifth Baronet. He married Mary Dacre of Ivirklinton, Cum-
berland, and died without issue in 1798, when he was succeeded by his nephew,
the Right Hon. Sir George Clerk, Lord of the Admiralty 1819-30, Master of the
Mint and Vice-President of the Board of Trade 1845-46.

2 The fourth son of George, afterwards fourth Baronet.

3 Six casks of French gold, valued at ^35,000, were landed in Burradale.
Murray of Broughton's charge and discharge for this amount and other sums,
amounting in all to ^37,775, are printed in Chambers's Rebellion, pp. 514-525;
see also pp. 324-326.

END OF THE REBELLION

205

perril of drowning, the jacobites at Edin., and particularly the the space of 102
Ladies of that sort, gave themselves great Aires as if very im- instance^ as to'

■portant things were to happen, for bv the Bve, those declared Highlanders,
r a y i i 1 1 • . in the days of

Ennemies to their Country plagued themselves vastly m the Montrose,

hopes that the French and Spaniards wou"d land and set all to charies^the

rio-hts afjain. j Thev either do not consider or do not care for>. 7 . 224.

the consequences which would be the landing of Hannoverian. nrst > 'tho they

■1 . . fought many

Danish, and Saxon Troops to the assistence of our King and battles for him,
the Whig party in Great Britain, when as a necessary conse- serted him at
sequence all this country should be rendered a desolation and Battk^fPhUip-
field of Blood, for it is never to be thought that King George haugh, where
will suffer himself and his Family to be deprived of the Crown a 2d instance
of Great Britain so long as he has powerful dominions abroad landers 1 if when
and faithful Allies who will support him, but what can we sav they dreuto-

* srither in

of Men who are blind to reasone, except quos Jupiter xiult defence of K.
perdere cos demented. SSwm on

In the months of iune and iuly I attended the Court of the borders, and

J n % n iiti tt - suffered him to

Exchequer, and my Family for these 2 months lived at Mavis- be beat by

1 1 Cromwell at

oailR. Worcester. A

Prisoners were dailv taken, for the unhappy Rebels knew 3 d instance is

* wncn the vc&r

not well where to retire or hide themselves, a strange reverse 1685 proved
of their Fortune, and such as they wou"d never believe, for I o^Argyie^o^
must notice here that amongst them and their Friends the thought to have

. . 0 •ii • supported his

success of their enterprise was considered as certain and mfal- Rebellion by 3
lible. For my part, my thoughts were quite the reverse, and I bm 4 ti°e\°de- em '
cou"d have hazarded any thing against the success of it. serted him, on

° T , which the Earl

Amongst other prisoners, John Murry of Brughton. the was taken
Pretenders secretary, was one. He was taken at his Sister's suffered" death.
House in Twedale. about 5 miles from his own. but some with A 4 th Instance

' _ - was at the Re-

great probability thought that he intended to be taken, and volution by

for that end had apprised an officer of Dragons at Brughton of TheyfoughtTlie

his design. He was carried first to the Castle of Edin.. and Batt j e of K J n , e .\

& ' cranky, and aid

afterwards to London, where at last he obtained his pardon no more service
upon some discoveries he had made, and particularly for his t he 7*°f As*
promise to become an Evidence on the Trial of Lord Lovit, who i"f-. a " vhe n' a t h e n
had likewavs been taken and carried to London, as shall be half of them ran
more particularly noticed hereafter. Battle of Sheriff-

Our affaires in Flanders went on this summer in a very bad ^pe^ed^fter^
way. The Emperor, as usual, neglected to send the quota of A 6til instance

206

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

was in 17J19] Troops stipulated to the Allies, so that the best we cou'd do

when at Glen- n 1 7

shieis they was to be on the defensive.

SpTnisifauxi^ ^ n -^g us t and part of Septem r I and some of my family
hares, and p a irj a visite to my sone George and his wife at Drumcrief. I

never appeared , , , 1 ta i ■ •

foi. 225. na " " een a t I -Urunilanrig to wait on the D. of Queensferry,
after, a 7 th and from thence, after 3 days stay, I came to Drumcrief by
itt?" ^ttieof Du i'esdeer, and by the moors, and the head of Evan Water,
[Cuiioden] last taking the diversion of shooting by the way. I continued

Aprile, 1746, o J J

[when they] left there not above 8 days, for my Wife had been left at Penni-

of their first „,-,i|,
[line], all their CU1K '

second, line and The rest of the vacation was spent at Pennicuik and Mavis-
corps de reserve . . 1
deserted their bank as usually.

ri Aste> the ^ Tovr we came to Edin., and I attended the Court of

failure of Exchequer.

French pro- 1 . . ,

mises they are lhat which m forreign affaires took up the attention of all
wkhin^hes'eioo Europe was the siege of Genua 1 by the Emperor's and King of
years past, Sardinia's 2 Troops. This siege was in appearance as foolishly

which is known r i -i ■ 1

to all the princes and Rogueishly manadged as it was entered upon, for it was
Europe 1 " that ev ident that neither the Troops of the Emperor nor the K. of
decree that no Sardinia, nor the ships of Britain, did what they might have

body & ares] to • ' J r>

trust them. done, otherways without loss of men the Genuese might have
been oblidged to surrender. Provisions were allowed to pass
to them without great opposition, so that they had all the
opportunities they cou'd wish to defend themselves, and keep
up a great Army from entering into the Kingdom of France.
This, it seems, either the King of Sardinia had not a mind to
do, nor were the Emperor's Generals fond to do anything that
might too quickly put an end to the War. War is a Souldiers
Harvest.

1747. This year, 1747, began with preparations on all sides for the
next summer's campaign. Money was not wanted on reason-
able funds to be granted in Parliament. That which gave us
most truble in Scotland was the Window Tax. To aleviate

1 Genoa had capitulated to the Marquis of Botta, who entered it in the name
of the Empress-Queen Maria Theresa on the 5th September 1746: but an insur-
rection arose, and he was driven from the city and territory with a loss of 8000
men. The city was next invested by the Austrians and Sardinians, who retired
on the approach of the French and Spanish army under Marshal Belleisle.

2 King Charles Emmanuel I., in whose favour his father King Victor-Amadeus
abdicated in 1730. He was born in 1701, and died in 1773.

1747]

WARS ON THE CONTINENT

207

this, many methods were taken, which disfigured many of the
Houses through all Britain, such as the building up of
Windows, etc. However, the Government was willing to
acquiesce in all that was done by the Commissioners of Supply
and justices of the peace, but all this Lenity did not signify
much in this part of Britain, for, if I am not much mistaken,
there is little or none of it paid to this day, being the 17 of
january 1748.

On the return of the Spring the Armies on both sides j tookyi
the fields, but little was done till the Battle which enseued at
Val ten miles from Mastricht. The Duke of Cumberland com-
manded, and that part of the Army under him, which consisted
of the British and Hannoverian Troops, behaved very well, but
neither the Imperialists nor the Dutch did anything to pur-
pose. This Battle was fought on 1 of 1 , and on

the defeat of our Army by Marshall Sax, the French General,
it returned under the Cannon of Mastricht. The French had
their chief views fixed on this City, which is one of the princi-
pal Garisone Towns belonging to the Dutch. The consequence
was that the Army of the Allies came to be very safely posted,
but the French, partly to pursue their victory at Val, and
partly to humble the Dutch and force them into a reproachful
and dangerous neutrality, laid siege to Berghen op Zoom.
Another German General, Count Leuendale, 2 or rather a Dane
by birth, commanded the siege.

One Cromstrom, 3 an experienced Dutch General, commanded
in the Town, and most people considered that the siege was
impracticable. Count Leuendal, it seems, had a different
notion of the success of his Enterprise, since he had not only
men and cannon at his command, but a sufficiency of money to
bribe the whole Garisone. In short, it was taken at last, no
body knows well how, but most men ascribe the misfortune to
supine negligence and to the indolence and inactivity of old
Cromstrom, for he was in bed when the Town was taken, and

1 There are blanks here in the MS. The battle was fought on the 2d of July
1747, at the village of Val or Laufeldt, near Maestricht, which was four times
taken and retaken.

2 Count Lowendal. 3 Baron Cronstrom.

208 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [i 747

very narrowly escaped. The Allies lost a multitude of Men
there, but the loss of so famouse a barrier as this Town was,
proved a mortal wound to the Allies and a vast encouragement
to the French to attempt any thing under such experienced
and fortunat Generals as Mareshall Sax and Count Leuendal
were.

foL 2 27 . But this stab to the vitals of the Dutch | proved in the event
very lucky for them and of bad consequence to the French
r^nTof— f projects in Holand, for that phlegmatick people, as awakened
Lord Lovite out of a dream, resolved to pursue the steps which had been

was tried and , . .. „„ n , T . „ -»-,

condemned by taken in lb/2, when Louis the 14 of France invaded Holand. 1
Evide e nces°of the The y declared the Prince of Orange not only Stadtholder, but
KhtoTthf lieretable Stadtholder, making that great office to descend to
pretender's his Female Heirs. 2 The province of Zealand began this
Ms C mvn r> s 'ecre d measure, and by degrees it was followed by all the 7 provinces.

two'[Gem]ie S - e This ste P was not on ty bold and advantageous to the Dutch,
men, as a Lady but extreamly honourable to our Reigning Family on the
ob?enS, S at tly Throne of Great Britain. The French were amazed at the
ex4Jam a good e P rocedure of the Dutch, but much more at the Resolutions
evidences but taken to anoy the French in all the Branches of their trade
tar?es. a LoTke" and forreign settlements. In the mean time, neither France
WHiiiS 6 nor Holand declared War against one another, 'tho 1 both
the Lords seenfd to wish ardently that the one or the other should

Kilmarnock

and Balmerino begin.

yibTfor? I Yet notllin g was wanted to an open war but the meer form

was well of it for Hostilities went on between the two nations with the

1 In 1672 William, Prince of Orange, was appointed Captain-General of
Holland.

2 This occurred before the battle of Laufeldt and the capture of Bergen-op-
Zoom. The burghers of Vere, in Zealand, rose in insurrection, and obliged
their magistrates to elevate William Henry Friso, Prince of Orange, to the Stadt-
holdership. The other provinces concurred, and on 15th May 1747 he was in-
stalled as Stadtholder, Captain-General, and Admiral of the Union. He had
married in 1734 Anne, Princess Royal of England, daughter of George II., who
in 1 75 1 succeeded him as governor, during the minority of her son, till her death
in 1759.

3 There is a blank here in the MS. Lord Lovat's trial terminated on the 19th
March 1747, when the sentence was pronounced.

4 Both Hugh Fraser, who was Lord Lovat's secretary from 1741 to 1744, an ^
Robert Fraser, who afterwards succeeded him, were examined as witnesses. See
State Trials, vol. xviii. p. 69S (London, 1S13).

1747] TRIAL OF LORD LOVAT

209

same spirit and rancour, both by sea and land, as if War had acquainted with
been actually declared. of*?
I now come to mention some of my own privat affaires , b ? lc ?' nimb Hng

. J r kind of sense

during this year, 1747. very vain of his

I was at Penny cuik till the 23 of january, when the Candle- Fraze'rs! and
mass Term of the Exchequer began. I staid in Town from ^ ead y tos acri-
that day to the 10 of March thereafter, when I and my Family for their in-
returned back to Pennicuik. terest.

I emploied most of the time I staid there in planting and in
studies, much in the same way I have lived these 47 years past,
only about the end of Aprile I went to Drumlanrig and lookt
after the Duke of Queensberry's affaires for some days.

I returned to Pennicuik and staid there with my | Family f 0 i. 228.
during the month of May, and amusing my self with books, for
the most part.

In june I carried my Family to Mavisbank, and from thence
every day attended the Court of Exchequer.

On the 22 of that month I returned to Pennycuik, and with N.B.— This
some of my English friends took frequently the diversion of west end'c-nbuT
the pouting in my own moors, dineing sometimes at a little ^stilHnre ^est
Hut I built, called the Spy, at the Head of the Dykenook for the diversion
Rig, 1 and sometimes at the 2 well on the west side He P was aU his

of the great 2 moss. 1753-

On the 7 of iuly I went back to Mavisbank, and from thence J£? a ^nning

, , [djouble man,

each day as usual I attended the Court of Exchequer. but this dex-

In August I and my Wife went and paid a visite to my son ^year or two*
George and his Wife at Drumcrief, in Anandale, where we o ef u r f, the r •

° ' Rebellion, for in

staid about 3 weeks. My amusements here were generally drawing on to
shooting and Fishing in good Weather and in books when bad. z^andSojie
In September I returned back to Pennicuik, and from be 5 a ? !° dream

* • ' and dote, so

thence went for 2 weeks to Mavisbank. I was visited at that in nis con -
this last place by Lord Drumlanrig 3 and his Brother, Lord mitted^any

great

absurdities.

1 Dykeneuk is about a mile and a quarter south-east of Penicuik House.
s The words here are illegible.

3 Henry, Earl of Drumlanrig, eldest son of Charles, third Duke of Queensberry,
was born in 1722, and educated at Winchester. He served in two campaigns
under the Earl of Stair, and distinguished himself, at Conti, in the Sardinian ser-
vice. In 1747 he raised a regiment in the Highlands for the service of the States
of Holland, which he commanded. He married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of

210

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1747

At this time I Charles, 1 two very hopeful young Lords, sons of the Duke

cruised clc3.n

out and repaire of Queensberry. I was at Pennycuik for the greatest part of
a^Hurfey^and October, and had a visite there from the Duke and Dutchess
began to plant 0 f Queensberry. 2

Ciermon Hill In november, and till the 18 of December, I was with my

side^withyoung f am ily a t Edin., and attended the Court of Exchequer.

oakes. After the s d 18 day I returned back to Pennycuik, and

amused my self with Books and planting after the old way.
My sones, James and George with his Wife, were with me both
in the Town and Country for the months of novem r and d r .
I shall now consider the state of my Health for the year 1747.
I found old Age advancing a pace, and frequently made use

Obsta, resist it. of Seneca's advice against old Age, Obsta, but it wou'd not
always do, for I had several severe fits of sickness. They were,
I thank God, but very short, but the pins of my Earthly
toi. 229. Tabernacle were sadly | loused and chattered with them.
These sicknesses were often attended with a little feaver, once
with a Fainting, and always with vomitings. My digestion was
for the most part very bad, and on that account I seldom
wanted a Headach, 'tho it commonly went off about the time
of breakfast. I did the best I cou 1 d to conceal these Infirmities
from my friends, and especially from Strangers, who, I saw, were
gaping for my office to some of their Friends. I expect nothing
but bad days and bad health, yet I must keep up my mind and
do the best I can to appear content, but how can this be when

John, second Earl of Hopetoun ; and died 19th October 1754, as described in
page 230, having, according to Chambers's Traditions, shot himself in consequence
of having entered into a previous contract with another lady.

1 Charles, second son of Charles, third Duke of Queensberry, was born 1726.
He represented the county of Dumfiies in 1747 and again in 1754. He was at
Lisbon during the famous earthquake of 1755, and died at Amesbury, Wilt-
shire, in 1756.

a It was at this time that Bishop Pococke's visit took place, as referred to by
himself :—' Near this place [Roslin] I dined with the late Baron Clark, a great
antiquarian, at his spat of Pennyline [sic], situated in a bottom on this river, a
sweet spot, and here he had many valuable antiquities ; among them a statue
of the goddess Bu'gantise [sic], a deity of the Brigantes, supposed to be the Picts.
It is four feet high, in a kind of toga, with a mural crown, a head in relief on
the breast, with a spear in the right hand and a globe in the left.' — Letter from
Bishop Pococke describing his visit to Scotland in 1747, in Pococke's Tours
in Scotland, p. 314 (Scottish History Society, 1887). See also ibid., p. 2.

1747] THE INFIRMITIES OF AGE

211

I feel my body a kind of burden to me, and the pleasures I
once had quite gone. How can I go about to divert myself
when Exercise is a kinde of toile to me. Rest seems now more
agreable to me than formerly Exercise and motion were. I
feel it verified now that the greatest pleasure of an old Man is
to be free of pain and sickness.

In the mean time, the habits and operations of my soul are
not very much diminished, for tho' my Memory is not so
strong as it was, yet I cannot complain of my judgement, for
I read, write, and think in the very same way I ever did, and
which I esteem as a very great blessing.

I use no Drugs, but sometimes, at the request of my Wife, [hg^fofmy
a little Hyrapica 1 and Rhubarb, because of a continual, and stomach ab->.

T . . , . . horred them,

1 may say habitual, constipation. so that when I

I sometimes sleap 5 or 6 Houres, but frequently less, and ^sterTtM i°wL
my sleaps are often broken and disturbed ; however, I find one well, or took
good effect from my Age and Infirmities, that I am sensibly tenance, and
weaned from the world and all its Enjoyments, for most [^0™!^*^"^
things I had a relish for before, are now in a great measure drank no wine

x i • ifi • j_ or sirong orink;

quite insipide. 1 strive to amuse my sell in different ways, warm water
but the efforts I use, for instance, to go a-fishing or shooting, b^t medicine 7 ^
are in a manner quite useless, | so that I am actually droping/^/. 230 . ;
insensibly into the grave, but happy I am in this, that I
resign my Life to God who gave it, and only wait patiently
till my change come.

I must begin this year, 1748. with the same accounts of my 1748.
state of health in which I ended the former, conceiving it very
useful and necessary that my posterity should knou all the
particulars of my Life, that so they may obviat some things
and prepare for others, especially the deseases and infirmities I
was subject to in my old age. Even the weakest of the Human
Species can look the King of Terrors in the face when they are
duelv prepared for that end, as we observe sometimes in Weak
Criminals, particularly Women, whom I have seen behave with
great decency and constancy on a scafold and the brink of
Eternitv. Few live as long as I have done, not one of a
Thousand, and therefor I and those who come after me, at my

1 Hiera Ficra, a mixture of aloes and canella.

212

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1748

age, will have reasone to be thankful and contented that they
have lived so long, particularly if through a long stage of Life
they have been free of many acute and dangerous deseases, and
a continual series of pain and Anguish, as those are under who
are tormented with the Gout and the Gravel.

I have from my childhood been of a week and delicat con-
stitution, had but a squeemish tender stomach, and was apt
to throw up what I cou'd not easily disgest. I remember that
on my return from abroad to my native country, about my
age of 24, I was so bad a supper-man that I was scarsely able
to digest a roasted Apple, but by degrees I got the better of
this, yet never to be able to eat a flesh supper unless I had
fasted most of the day.

I never choised to drink, so that I have not been any way
intoxicated above tuice at most these 40 years, nor need I
say I was intoxicated at any time, for my stomach wou'd never
Sol. 23 i. bear so much drink as in the least to affect I my Head, for I
always threu it up, and at last gave over drinking any strong
N.B.—l never liquor above 3 or 4 moderat glasses. So far my constitution
d?nk,tnd ref0r curbed my desire for Drink, but nothing had more influence
knew not once UDon me than the character I bore as a judge, for I alwavs

in 7 vears what r . *i i * j

itwa'stohave thought that no man lookt so poor so contemptible and
Even aTthe detestable as a drunken judge.

bunting, and w t | ier) no wount ] e r that I was never trubled with the

in very warm

weatner, I never least fit of the Gout, nor had I ever a fit of the Gravel, except,
Thirst^ leaSt perhaps, once in 7 years, when after riding I passed a little red
sand.

I never had the Tooth-Ach except once, for 2 Houres in a
very frosty day.

And on this account I never had a louse tooth till I was
near 50 years of Age ; however, these pins of my Earthly
Tabernacle began at last to loosen and decay, so that now,
near my Age of 72, I have but 3 or 4 in my head.

My Eyesight continued strong till my Age of 48, when I
bewail to use Glasses : however, my sight is not so weakned but
that I can sometimes both read and write without them.

My nerves were never strong. I had a little shaking in both
my hands, which I contracted at first at Vienna when some young
Frolicksome Gentlemen tempted me to lift great weights. I

1748]

HIS HEALTH

213

was aff'raied it should have incressed with my years, but as I
srreu older I rather greu firmer than weaker.

As all my parents were in some degree threatened with a a Rupture
Rupture, I began at 60 years of age to use a soft, broad belt several years,
about the underpart of my belly, haveing it tied with soft
runds 1 down between my Thighs. I escaped by this timous On revising this
precaution, tho" for these 10 years past I have had a Relaxa- fgJS^J^p 3,
tion of the Peritoneum on both sides of the pubes. The Gut much in the

t i -j. i same case, and

falls down with a sort of pretuberance, but 1 keep it up by a no worse, as I
little cord under the bandage. ^ba^dage^con-
I never knew what a Head Ach was till within these 2 years, tinualiy except

^ in the night

but such fits are very gentle, and never continue above 6 or 7 time,
houres. I am sensible that they proceed from Indigestion and
weaknesses on my stomach. |

My deseases were chiefly Coghs especially in the Winter y a i. t3 *.
time, but I was seldom or never trubled with an Asthma or
pains in my breast. I never threw up any blood, and when i staid at Bath,
any such symptom appeared I was sensible it came either from ^ only thing
my Head or mv Stomach, vet my Cocdis have often been so that dld me

J - . n most service.

severe as that I was put under the apprehensions of a decay,
particularly in 1710 when I travelled into England for my

Health. 2 3

There is one phenomenon which I must notice here, viz.,
that after I lost most of my Teeth, there were few people, tho'
never so young, whose breaths were not offensive to me. The
reasone of this I take to be that their Teeth continued which
often spoiled the breath, and mine were gone, so that nothing
remained to put my breath and theirs in a kind of ballance. 1 ne y" W!ls ,

in r» i • -l i trubled with

I shall now mention a few things with regard to the con- vapours or lou-
stitution of mind. I was generally always in temper, few buTperhaps 15
things rufled me, which kind of Tranquillity was partlv oweinp; af \ er a fil of

° ' t 1 J i • i i • j j SIC kness, and

to my constitution, and partlv to a phylosophick kind of this but once or
guard which I endeavoured to preserve over all my words and so'far'aVl 3 ' ' 6

actions. remember and

but for a day or

My Memory in my younger davs was greater than I observed a few Houres,

. I * if any time at

all.

1 ' Rund^a border, selvage, shred, remnant.' Jamieson s Dictionary.
' See pages 76-7S.

s I have here taken the liberty of slightly abridging the Baron's medical par-
ticulars.

214 SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS [1748

it amongst those of my own age. I coifd repeat sermons or
any discourse of half an Houer without losing a Word, but it
grew worse by degrees, yet still continues as entire as I observe
it in any Man of my Age. I had a constant inclination for
Books and Studies from my very childhood, and may truelv
say that I was never so happy as when I was learning some-
thing out of a book.

Yet this strong inclination to learning was tempered with a
great relish for sport, particularly shooting and fishing. i
M =33. Amongst all the studies I followed I cou'd have preferred
Mathematicks and Phylosophy, but as my Lot was calculated
for publick business I was oblidged to follow such Studies as
tended to improve me in this way, such as Law, Historv, and
political Essays.

1 observed that I had a strong inclination to be a scribler, and beo-an to

there was one • . i i i » T „ . ,.,

thing which write books before I was 18 years of Age. I have reasone to

proleTnglro- believe that at this in some of tlle Colleges of Germany
fessors took there are Compends of Logick, Phvsicks, and Moral phvlosophv

care of, which . , . , . , \ , c / _ . '

was to borrow taught, which 1 wrote, because when I was in Holand, copies
me no copied of the treatises 1 wrote were borrowed by those who actually
There was one taught them, intermixed, perhaps, with some things of their

aanguerdus, r 0

aftei wards a OWn.

fu°pWs°n a who 1 have written several Treatises on the State of the British
treated me in nation and on Trade, 1 which, however, I wou'd not venture to

tnis way. For itt.ij.tiii • i

my part I was a P u ulish lest I had been mistaken m some Facts. If I had
SthesefuSbral been livin S in London and near the Court, I should certainly
tions, tho' they have been daubling this way, but I came often to be sensible

cost me much . , . . •

reading and that an JLdmburgh politician was not fit to treat of facts which
nCTe^intended lle cou cI lairn on l v at the second or third hands.
th»m' nt an> ° f These difficulties being considered, tho' I have spared manv
Hora't : de Arte tnin g s , yet within tliese 3 years I have burnt and destroied at
Poetica, let your least sl Thousand sheets of paper written with my own hand.

wTittin^s be T , ^

suppressed for I constantly inclined to follow Horace's advice, nonmnqae prc-
9.vear>. matur in annum, and before the half of that time was over.

thingTaswere several things which perhaps woifd have relished with others,

written by my —

self. 3 T . _ , , , . _

in an inventory of the Barons mss. preserved in Penicuik, made in 17S5.

are mentioned, ' Observations on the Trade and Manufactures of Scotland, 1735/
and 'Arguments to prove that the Public Debts of 50 millions sterling is an
advantage to Britain.'

1748] A 4 PICTURE OF MYSELF ' 215

had no relish with me. I was something squeemish in my
Taste ; and the longer I lived, the things thought tollerably
well by others wou'd not at all go down with me. However,
I read always the works of others with abundance of Com-
placency, | observing this Rule in Horace, verum ubi plura ju. 234 .
nitent in carmine, non ego paucis qffendar maculis. I cou'd spare Hor : de Arte
100 dull things for the sake of one fine thought or expression. ^vemTthSS
I had a great inclination to Poetry, both in Latine and ^XTpressed
English, but I curbed as much as I cou'd these salies of fancy in a copy of

° . . -i.i • i r ■ J A verses,

as what I thought inconsistent with the gravity ol a judge and j am not

a man of Business. However, I read the Greek and Latine gmjjijto a

classicks with great diligence, and still discovered new beuties This dayi beinR

,v the iq of Tan.

in them. I748 *t read

As to my Habits of piety and vertue, I leave them to others, over Horace de

, , . t J r Arte Poetica,

only I may honestly affirm that as I was never greedy ot which l am
money, I have been so far from wronging any body that I P^Jf^
have often abatted my just rights to purchess peace of mind times before,
and an honest character. I have likeways, I thank God, had
great inclinations to charity, agreable to my abilities and the
care I thought my self oblidged to take of a very large Family
of children. I have maintained many poor families and many
poor workmen, which I thought was one of the best ways of
being charitable.

Now I have done with this picture of my self, which to the This year l

i. i .ii t i rebuilt and

best of my knowledge is perfectly agreable to truth, so 1 leave repa ired the
it with my posterity for their imitation or dislike, as they f°° n ^ dl at
have a mind. I am very sensible of my wants, but very H™ s d e » t ™ d
thankful to Almighty God that things are no worse with me Latine inscrip-

tion 1 onit, which

1 Various versions of this inscription exist among the Baron's papers, but the
following are the words actually inscribed : —

apiaTov pitv vhap

SCOBBEA DULCE FLUENS QUjE NON SOLAMINA VITVE

FUNDIT NECTAREUS KIVULUS ISTE TUUS

ET QUOT DEL1CIAS ETIAM DUM FERCULA NOBIS

FARREA COMPONIT RUSTICA SIMPLICITAS

SEU SEDARE SITIM CUPIMUS SEU LAVERE FESSOS

ARTUS RORE TUO SIS PANACEA MEA

SUSTINEAS SANOS ^GRORUM CORPORA FIRMAS

EFFUGI ANT MORBI DUM MEDICINA FLUIT.

The fountain is immediately below the new Penicuik House, which it still
supplies with drinking water.

216

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [1748

( made on than they are, for by what I may observe in others, I have, I

account of the , . , J - ' '

great respect think, no reasone to wish my self one bit more inclined to
Waters by my R e %i 011 than I am. Enthousiastick notions, superstition, and
Father and singularity in Religious points are my utter aversion. In the

(jranai.itner, . . . J

tho' I knou no mean time, may I dayly add to my vertues and growth in

effects Uhas saving grace till it please God to call on me to give account of

above other the few Talents lie has been pleased to intrust me with.

W|ater.>] of the T r

same kind. The 1 began this year, 1748, with a fit of an Ague, as I thought.
befound 0 " WlU 1 felt a shivering over my whole body, but it proved a slight
LaSnfTL fit ° f the Grave1 ' for after passing a little red sand I was well
the second or third day after. |
foi. 235- The cold was a more Epidemick distemper at this time than
iUs?ri7t£n he ever ** was known ) and 1 and my Family had their share of it
above men- for 2 or 3 weeks. During this year the famous peace ofAix

tioned, the T , ■, -, , in,"', , .

words Farrea J- a chapele was made. All thought this peace a great con-
S^mpTcttas descension on the part of France, because Leuis the 15 was
relate to oat- every where victorious, partly bv the force of his Arms and

meal potage, , , , , , . n 1 r ., J

which the great P ar tiy by the influence of his Money. The Dutch were
haven°oneat- reduced to the same straits which the Romans some times felt
mg them with when they had recourse to Dictators, by which their seperat

cream, used to , • r

call nutrimen- powers and Interests were devolved on one persone. The

tum divinum. Dutch had eX p er ienced the good of this very schem in 1672,

I began this and therefor they agreed, as I mentioned before, to constitute
T^werof'the 6 Prince of Orange their Stadtholder and Captain General.

Head of the This had so good an effect on the publick interest of Europe

Ivmght's Law, , , , c . , , 1 " '

Pennicuik tllat from that penode tiie King of 1- ranee was willing to give
peace to Europe, and restore all the Countries and Cities
which he had conquered. In the mean time it was sufficiently
known that France was very much reduced, and her Trade
and navigation quite ruined.

During some time in Aprile and May I was at Luss, in the
shire of Dunbarton, where I and my wife drank the Goat whey.
Our quarters were in the Minister's House, 2 where I and some
of my family had lodged some time before.

House.

1 In 174S a general peace was made at Aix-la-Chapelle, every power restoring

its conquests with the exception of Frederick, who kept Silesia for Prussia.

Gardiner's Students' History of England, p. 743.

2 The Rev. James Robertson, A.M., a native of Sutherland. He studied and
graduated at St. Andrews, and was called to the parish of Balquhidder in 1709,

1748] GOAT WHEY AT LUSS 217

The place is very agreable, and the Loch Lomond perfectly
charming, but I soon weared of the place, and went home
about the end of May.

It was this year that the military corps, by command of the Sn^pttoui"
Government, began in good earnest to make the highway be put up at
to Inveraray from Glasgow, or rather from the Town of Luss, Luss.in memory
along the side of Loch Lomond. This way was carried on by ° f ^L"cSed
50 or 100 men at a time, and before Winter thev brought it not to be at the

i i • ■ expence of

to Loch Skeen [Fyne ?]. However, there were several begimngs g el i n g it cut
made to it, even in 1745, when the Rebels carried away some J° e a Table of
of the men prisoners. 1 j

I left my daughter Jecke at Luss in the begining of june,/«'- 236.
and she continued at the Goat whey with some other young
Ladies for some time after, but this was so far from establish-
ing her own health that I believe it did her harm, for on her
returning from Banf, where she had gone to wait upon her
sister, Mrs. Pringle, she sickned, and continued so at Edin.
the remaining part of this year.

M r . Robt. Pringle, 2 my Son in Law, was at this time Shiriff
of Banff, where by Law he was oblidged to reside for 4
Months.

The year 1749 was begun in parliament by puting in execu- 1749-
tion the several articles of the Treaty of Aix la chapele, such
as the evacuation of Cape Breton, 3 for which two peers had
been sent as Hostages to France, namely, the Earl of Essex 4

and in 1723 translated to Luss. He died, father of the Church, in 1772, in his
ninety-sixth year. He had married Elizabeth Colquhoun, who died in 1773;
and their son John became minister of Dunblane. — Scott's Fasti.

1 See Hill Burton's History of Scotland, vol. viii. pp. 372-73 ? and Burt's
Letters from the North of Scotland, vol. ii. pp. 284-350.

5 See page 85, and note 4 there : also page 145, note 3 .

3 The surrender of Cape Breton was exceedingly unpopular in England, and
when Prince Charles heard that the hostages had arrived in Paris he exclaimed :
— ' Shameful concession, unworthy of a ministry not abandoned to all sense of
honour and virtue ! but if ever I mount the throne of my ancestors Europe shall
see me use my utmost endeavours to force France in her turn to send hostages to
England.' — Lockhart Papers, vol. ii. p. 578. It was re-conquered in 1758, and its
possession by Britain was acknowledged by France at the Peace of Paris in 1763.

< William, fourth Earl of Essex, was a boy of only sixteen at this time. It
was George Augustus Yelverton, second Earl of Sussex, who was the joint-
hostage. He was born in 1727 ; succeeded his father in 1731, and died in 1758.

218

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[i749

and L d . Cathcart. This the French had insisted on in case
the Parliament of Great Britain had opposed the evacuation of
that Fortress, as every body expected they wou'd.

During the months of January and february I attended the
affaires of the Exchequer, and keept my health very well till
about the end of february, that I catched a slight cold.

My Daughter Jeckie continued all this time confined to her
bed by a kind of Ague and sweating, without any relief from
her Phisitians bv the Drugs she was oblidged to take.

In Aprile this year, 1749, 1 went to Strath earn for the Goat
whey, 1 and carried my Wife and some of my Daughters with
me. We were lodged at the Laers, a very good House,
belonging to the son' 2 of General Campbel, 3 who was killed at
the Battle of Fontanoy. I had here very good fishing and
other country diversions, but wearied very soon, and staid
only about 4 weeks.

I rejoiced to find the Highlanders here and about Loch
/ei. j-57- Earn very much improven, for they began to | sou great
quantities of Lint seed, and as the estate of Perth lay here and
in the nighbourhood of this country, I found that most of
their Rents were paid by the Linnen yarn and Linnen wrought
here. While I staid here I paid a visite to the Forrest of
Glenelg, 4 belonging to the Estate of Perth. It is situated

1 See Additional Note S, — Memoirs of a Goat Whey Campaign at Laers.

- James Mure Campbell, son of Lieutenanl-General the Hon. Sir James
Campbell of Lawers and Lady Jane Boyle, eldest daughter of David, first Earl
of Glasgow : born 1726. lie assumed the name of Mure on succeeding to the
estate of his grandmother, the Countess of Glasgow. After a distinguished military
career, he succeeded as fifth Earl of Loudoun in 17S2, and died 17S6.

3 Lieutenant-General the Hon. Sir James Campbell of Lawers, K. B., third
son of James, second Earl of Loudon, grand-uncle to John, fourth Earl. He
greatly distinguished himself at Malplaquet and at Dettingen, and was mortally
wounded when commanding the British horse at Fontenoy, May 1745.

4 In the account of this expedition in ' Memoirs of a Goat Whey Campaign
at Laers, in 1749 ' (Additional Note S), the name is left blank (thus ' Glen ') :
in the above, later, MSS. it is styled ' Glenelg,' evidently in error, for Glenelg is
in the north-west of Inverness-shire, opposite the island of Skye. Probably
Glenartney is the place referred to. The forest of Glenartney, or Glen-Orkney
as it was then called, came into the possession of Sir John Drummond, 1400-
1428, ancestor of the Earls of Perth, through his marriage with Lady Elizabeth
Sinclair, daughter of Henry, first Earl of Orkney, from whom he obtained the
lands of Muthlow and the whole forest of Glenartney.

1749]

GOAT WHEY AT LAWERS

219

amongst many wild hills and glens. I saw some flocks of Deer
feeding at a distance, and 'tho we brought some young men
with us to beat the woods and hills, yet we cou'd not bring
them within half a mile of us. We dined here in a wood, and
being extreamly hungry I eated too much, which occasioned a
fit of vomiting after I returned.

I have, from my Infancy, fallen often into such fits of vomit-
ing, my stomach haveing been always very unfit for a load of
meat or drink.

I returned about the end of May, and in my way visited the
Roman Camp at Ardoch, 1 where an Inscription was found
which is now in the Castle of Drummond.

On mv return I finished the little summer House at Hurley
pond.

My design for making this house was to entice my friends
and others about my House to walk for their diversion, and in
this I my self have found great advantage. The natural
beuty of the place, and the solitude which one finds here, are
a great j help to studies and meditation. M a? 6.

I sometimes draw the Ponds where I have aboundance of
Carp and Tench. Some of the first I observed had grouen to
near 22 inches. In the mean time 'tho they, at least many of
them, have been there for 7 or 8 years, yet they have not bred.
Thev were brought from Corbv in Northumberland at different Carp are long

* in breeding.

times.

In the months of june and july I attended the Courts of
Exchequer as usual, but in the short vacation from the 22 of
june to the 7 of july I was at Pennicuik, and plied the shoot-
ing with the same satisfaction I ever enjoied on the Moors,
"tho I was not quite so good a Traveller on foot as I used to
be. However, the accident of breaking my leg when I was
young made it wearisome to me to travel above half a mile at
one time, and since I began to grow old I find the broken leg
weaker.

1 ' The most entire and best preserved of any Roman antiquity of the kind
in Britain/ Gordon's Mmrdrmm ScptentrionaU, p. 41, where the camp is
figured, and also the stone at Drummond Castle, the inscription on which Gordon
reads as ' Amonius Damionis cohortis prima Hispanorum stipendiorum xxvii
haeredes fieri curanntt. '

220

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

[i/49

This year, in june and the following summer months, 1
ThisToueri carried forward the Tower on the Top of the Knights 1 Law,
Touer of C an< ^ brought it about 16 or 20 feet higher than last year. It is
Beiem ... t ... a ver y substantial Building, 'tho it stands very much exposed. 1

In Agust I made a visite to my son George's Family at
Drumcrief, and was several times at the country diversions.

About the middle of September I returned to Pennicuik,
and from thence I carried my Family to Mavisbank, where we
staid 2 or 3 weeks.
foi. 239. I find nothing more for my Health j than a mutatio loci et
acris, which Cornelius Celsus 2 so much recommends, and in
the alteration of stations, I always live as if I was at Home,
carrying books of all kinds with me. About the month of
Octoher my Daughter Jeckie began sensibly to recover, and
was able to go abroad in a chair. Laus Deo !

I know nothing remarkable that hapned this summer in
publick affaires. We had in Scotland many projects amongst
us for establishing a publick Fishery in the form of a Com-
pany, which hitherto has been often tried, but never succeeded.

The High Ways in many places in the Highlands were
repaired by Military assistence, particularly the Roads leading
to Inveraray and Fort William.

The care of the Forfeited Estates was committed to the
Barons of the Exchequer, and in the management of these
nothing appeared clearer than that most of all the proprietors
were Bankrupts before they entered into the Rebellion. If
they had got any thing to lose by their conduct, I have reasone
to believe that they, or many of them, had not hazarded their

1 This is still a prominent object on the top of the Knight's Law, and bears
above its door the inscription given by the Baron in his marginal note on page
225. It was formerly used as a dove-cot, and is now called Terregles Tower.

2 Aurelius Cornelius, or Aulus Cornelius Celsus, styled the Medical Cicero,
appears to have lived in Rome about the time of Augustus or Tiberius, and he
wrote on law, history, philosophy, rhetoric, etc., but his work De Medicina,
in eight books, is his only production now extant. It is written in an elegant
style, with the purity of the Augustan age, contains much information regarding
the sects of physicians, and is regarded as the most complete body of medicine
that has come down to us from the ancients. The editio princeps was printed
at Florence in 1478, and an English translation by Dr. James Grieve was pub-
lished in London in 1756.

1749] THE FORFEITED ESTATES

221

persons and Estates in such a desperat schem, for nothing in
life is less to be trusted than French promises and Highland
Armies. The whole world j knows the first by experience, a.ndM- 24°-
as to Highland Armies, 'tho they have Courage in aboundance,
yet their poverty and desire of plunder make them commonly
retire home when they should keep the field. Whatever
personal bravery men may have, yet they are not to be com-
pared with Regular Troops, for "tho they may make a furious This hapned
burst by runing in columns with great weight and impetu- l J? e , BaUle of

• 1 TT in Coloden. in

osity, yet in the end all this Heat and fury will succumb 1746.
to the regular and sedate behaviour of Regular Troops. This
observation has been verified by what hapned to the Marquise
of Montross on his defeat at the Battle of Philiphaugh, and to
the late viscount of Dundee after the battle of Kilecranky, for
"tho he had survived the Battle, yet his Army, without waiting
to know whether he was dead or alive, run off with the
plunder.

In november I went to Edin. in the ordinarv way, and
attended the Court of Exchequer, where nothing uncommon
was transacted.

On the 20 th of December I returned to Pennicuik, and lived
in a solitary, peaceable way with my family and some of my
friends, who came to visite me.

In the same way I lived in the month of januarv 1750, till 1750.
the affaires of the Court of Exchequer called me to Edin.

I find everv day I live puting me in mind of JEternity, for I
am sensible of a great decay of Spirits, Strength, and Memory.
Mean time I keep up as well as I can, and as a remedy to
advancing old Age I follow Seneca's advice, which is. as before
mentioned, Ostare ; therefore I use as much exercise as my
Bodily strength will allow of, for I generally walk a Mile or
two j every day. My constant walk is to my pond of Hurley/^/. 241.
and Grotto, where I take great delight. I have seldom any
sickness that lusts above an Houer or two, and this sickness
comes always upon transgressing the strictest Rules of sobriety,
or eating such meats as my stomach wou'd never agree with,
such as greens and fat heavy meat. In drinking I never trans-
gress, being rather too sober and abstemous, but this Regimen
has notwithstanding been of great use to me, for 'tho my

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[i75o

Memory be not so good as formerly, yet I feel no manner of
decay in my judgement when I think proper to exert it either
in speaking or writing Letters. In studies I am as ardent as
ever, only I weary sooner in my applications to any thing.

I am now begining to enter on the 75 year of my Age, an
Age I never expected to arrive at, and I accustome myself to
think on Death without the least disturbance. On this account
I live with great Tranquillity, and eat and sleap as well as ever
I did in all the course of my Life. Mean time I reflect with
some Melancholly that 'tho I have lived soberly and manadged
my affaires with tollerable ceconomy, yet I have not laid anv
thing considerable to the fore for my children. But this mis-
fortune was oweing mostly to themselves, for I was generally
the worst provided in the Family. My annual journals will
shew that I have not been a hard Father to them, nor have I
lived nigardly with my Relations. Every body got a part of
what I had, and many poor Workman have been supported
by me.

On the 7 of feb. this year, 1750, died my dear Brother Hugh, 1
merchant in Edin. He was in many respects a very desirable
persone, and beloved by every body. He left 5 children behind
foi. hi. him, 2 Boys and 3 Girls. | Amongst other Qualifications which
my sd Brother was possessed of, he playM on the violencello
with all the perfection of the greatest Master, and rather too
well for a Gentleman.

On the 16 of Aprile this year, I married my Daughter Jennie
to M r James Carmichel, 3 Clerk to the Signet, and son to M r
William Carmichel, a son of the Earl of Hyndfoord, and I
have reasone to hope that this marriage will prove happv to

1 Hugh Clerk, eighth son of Sir John Clerk, first baronet of Penicuik, was
born on 25th October 1709. He married Mary Beaumont. His eldest son
John married and had issue. His second son Hugh served in Germany and died
soon after the battle of Minden. His eldest daughter was named Susan; his
second, Euphemu, married Thomas Dallas, and had issue ; and the youngest
was named Mary.

- See marginal note, pages 138, 139, and note 3 to 139.

3 Jennet, the Baron's seventh daughter (see folio 150), was married on the
9th of April 1750 (according to the A/.S. Family Register) to James Carmichael
of Hailc-s, second son of the Hon. William Carm chael of Skirling, the second
son of John, first Earl of Hyndford. He was admitted a Writer to the Signet in
1741, and died in 1781.

I may be al-
lowed here to
men tion that in
the year 1750 I
published a
Latine disserta-
tion de Monu-
mentis ...
Romanis, etc.,
this I did only
to preserve
these monu-
ments which I
have in my
possession at
Pennicuik
House. The
copies of this
dissertation
were never sold,
but some were

given away to
my particular
friends.*

1750] DEATH OF HIS BROTHER HUGH

223

my s d Daughter, for he sets out with the general approbation
of all my Friends and acquaintances as a very good Lad and a
Man of business.

In this month, about the 26, I went to Drumlanrig and
attended the Duke of Queenberry's affaires, in company with
Lord Sewalton, formerly Mr. Boyle, one of the Duke's Com-
missioners.

We continued there for some days, and found the Tenants
as formerly, some very well, and others in distress, according
as they manadged their affaires.

In june, I attended the Court of Exchequer after the ordinary
way. I was with my Family all nights at .Mavisbank, and
every day went to Edinburgh, as I found this medicine of
traveling and Exercise did me great service. On the 22 of
june I returned to Pennicuik, and with some of my friends
took the diversion of pouting till the 7 of july, when the Term
of the Exchequer began again.

The affaires of the Court chiefly related to the Forfeited Sm ofST'
Estates, about which some Acts in the last session of parlia- forfeited estates

1 affecied me

ment gave us directions. 1 greatly with

About the meddle of Agust I went with mv Wife to visite niel ^ nc ^ n >;

. • j 1 -Hi N.B. — My visits

mv son George's Family at Drumcrief. I staid there till the to my son
8 of September, and then returned to Pennicuik. *43-

About the meddle of sep. I carried most of my Family to not°tohis e ioss.
Mavisbank, where I continued the rest of this month. n.b. — Here I

On my return to Pennicuik I emploied my self, as usually I o^shoodng
did, partly with Books and partly diversions, amongst other every other day,

- . . . 1 . • T . T _. _ and cannot but

studies I revised the 2 na book ol my Latin History.- notice that,

In november I attended the Exchequer as usually, in the my oldpractice
absence of the Chief Baron. In December I and my Family 1 shot 22 times

• rtf^y, * T an d killed 21

returned to Mavisbank for some days, and towards the 20" I partridges and
and my Family came to Pennicuik. Here I amused my self in ™° s ° n um h ' er ut
revising the 3 d book of my Latine History, and am hopeful includes all the

0 • • 0 1 massacre I

that at last it will make a tolleraole good appearance. 2 made both in

Nothing very remarkable hapned to me and my Family September, both

1 ' The management of the Forfeited Estates in Scotland was intrusted to the
Barons of the Court of Exchequer by 20 Geo. II., cap. 41. See Additional
Note T, — The Court of Exchequer and the Forfeited Estates.

" See page 85, and note 1 there.

224

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS [175 1

about Pennicuik except what related to my Daughters. The 2 and fourth had
in the mean been at the Bath for their healt h, and had returned safe. The
time 1 acknow- y OUn p- es t had been married to M r Ja. Carmichel as above.

ledge my self J »

very faulty in The Winter proved very fine weather, and I had keept my

many^God's health the whole year without the least disorder or accident,

creatures by f hi ] j endeavour to be thankfull to Almighty God.

way of sport. _ . .

I/SI> I began this year in very good health and spirits, but yet I

Tho' they are find the symptoms of old Age advancing a pace ; however, I

use. yeU think ea -t ar| d sleap well, and the decays of nature are very little

they have as different from what they were a year ago. I endeavour to

good a right to J . . „ .

Life as I my make myself easy. I go on m preparing for death in my
self have^ Temporal affaires by puting things in the best methode and
order I can.

At this time all Europe was in peace, nor did there seem
any intentions to make War in haste. However, as the French
saw their error in the last war, by entering into it without
preparing such a Fleet as was necessary to protect their Trade,
they began to build Ships of War in all the ports of France.

On these preparations, all the friends of the Family of the
Stuarts began to build great hopes. Trade was about this
time much cultivated in Britain, and here in Scotland we set
up for cultivating several branches of Trade, as particularly
companies for carrying on the Whale and Herring Fisheries. 1
formerly. I had joined in several projects of this kind, but with no
success, therefor I only encouraged all my sones to become
partners in these Fisheries, and furnished them with suitable
stocks for making trials, as I was satisfied that nothing con-
tributes more for the Honour and Intrest of any Country than
Trade honestly carried on, in all its branches.

Last year and this I carried on the Tower on the Top of the
Knight's Law, and as I propose an ornament to the country by
it, I likeways have it in my view to make it beneficial to my
family as a Dovecoat, that which I have near the House of

1 ' A subscription for a whale-fishery is going on in Aberdeen ; and before
the end of March the subscriptions amounted to between ^3000 and ^4000
sterling.' — Scots Magazine, 1752, p. 155.

' At a meeting of the Edinburgh Whale-fishing Company in October, it was
resolved to purchase a fourth ship for the Greenland fishing.'— Scots Magazine,
1752, p. 462.

See also many other references in the same journal.

HIS COLLIERY AT LOANHEAD

225

Pennicuik being hurt by too many Trees, where Hawks and N.B.— Above
Gleds destroy the pigeons when they come out. Tw5"«2S
Here I may observe that I have on many occasions carried cut . the . se words -

. . J Tibi sit pru-

on several expensive projects, at least such as were too heavy dentia Turris.

for a Privat Man, who had a large Family of children; but this

I thought a kind of duty, for as I received yearly about 500 Z^- 243-

Kb. ster. of the king's money, so I seemed to be under an

obligation to bestow a good part of it on his subjects who

were Masons, Wrights, and other workmen.

To this the building of Mavisbank and a good many other
things are oweing, but such who receive no publick money,
I advise them to be a little more sparing in their Expenses.
However, in all my Projects I have studied either to do useful
things, or such as would ornament my Country as well as my
Estate.

N.B. — If all the world were as frugal as by the dictates of
good oeconomy they ought to be, the half of Mankind wou*d
starve. The poor must always live by the prodigality and
extravagances of the Rich, at least every man who can afford
to spend a little might do it for the benefite of the poor, and
indeed this is the best way I know for bestowing of charity,
except it be carried to a bight that must do manifest prejudice
to our children and poor Relations who cannot work for their
bread.

In 1750 I found my self very ill used by some whom I
trusted at Lonhead in the management of my Coal affaires,
therefor I put them in the hands of my son James, who had
more strength of Body and more leisure to look after them, for
in the management of coal I judged that there was a necessity
frequently to go below ground, and not to trust to those called
oversmen, cheques, and coalgrives. Besides, as to the choise of
my son for chief Manadger, there was a necessity to breed him
up a little in the management of these matters.

This experiment I found succeeded to my Wishes, for they""- 7 - 246.
profits of my coal began to be doubled. About this time I
sent my youngest son Adam to the sea, for as he seemed to
have a great inclination this way, there was a necessity to trv
how far his Genius wou'd carry him. The first trial I made
was by sending him in a Merchant Ship to N. Carolina, from

226

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

thence to Lisbon, and from this place to Lieth. The experi-
ment succeeded so well that this Boy seemed confirmed in his
Inclinations to sea affaires, but whether to breed him for the
navy or the merchant service was what remained to be deter-
mined.

I was oblidged at the same time to dispose of my fourth son,
Matheu who had his head no less turned on the Military
i paid for it service, therefor I bought for him in 1751 a Commission of
400 games. Ensigncy in the Lord PanmureV Regiment, 2 which was then in
Ireland, but because this lad had always showen a particular
inclination for the Engineering Trade, I procured from his
Colonel liberty to absent himself for 6 months, and in that
time to visit the Accademy at Woolwich, and afterwards to
travel into France and Flanders for his improvement in that
Trade till a proper opportunity should happen to provide for
him.

In our publick affaires a very mortifying Event hapned to
Great Britain by the Death of the Prince of Wales, 3 who was
much beloved by every body, and on his death an Act of
Parliament past for constituting the Princess of Wales 4 Regent,
on the event of the King's death and minority of her son.
This Lady was thought every way equal to this great office,
'tho it is hoped that the king may live for many years.

1751.

*£ 247. This year a very great Misfortune hapned to the whole pro-
testant interest, and particularly to our Royal family, for the
Prince of Orange, created Stadtholder of the united provinces,
died, and the Authority devolved on his mother, 5 the eldest
daughter of our King George the 2d.

1 William Maule, grandson of the fourth (attainted) Earl of Panmure, was
born about 1700, and created Earl of Panmure of Forth, in the Peerage of
Ireland, in 1743, and in 1764 purchased the Panmure estates. He was present
at Dettingen and Fontenoy, and became a general in 1770. On his death in 1782
his titles became extinct.

2 The twenty-fifth regiment of foot.

3 Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, born 1707 ; died 20th March 1751 N.S.

4 Augusta, younger daughter of Frederic II., Duke of Saxe-Gotha. As
George II. survived till 1760, she never became regent; but she did much to
instil into the mind of her son, afterward George ill., that love of prerogative,
and hatred of the Whigs, which afterwards distinguished him.

B His widoxv ; see note page 208.

4 satietas vmsr

007

In my own family there were no extraordinary occurrences,
only my son Adam returned from Carolina, and after this trial
at sea he continued resolved to return to the sea and serve in X ote— Onthe

the Navy. lyofDecemb'i

t ■ 1 'i 1 iiv ' riT 1 7S 1 < about 8 111

This vear my health began to decline considerably, tno still the evening,
without any form'd sickness, particularly in 1752 I began to an
feel a languor and a kind of satietas vita?, so that I may say, as
J. Caesar did, emori nolle sed de vita nihil euro. In the jupiter by the

-i n ./-it,- •,, . • j i moon, which

mean time I shall wait Gods time with patience and sub- lasted ab0Ut4O

• • minutes. The

mission. night very clear.

My son Adam went to London about the middle of February,
being recommend by Captain "William Holborn- to a Captain
of a Man of War now lying at Debtfoord, near London.

My son Matheu continued at the Accademy at "Woolwich, and
happily fell into the favour of all who knew him, and I in par-
ticular had much reasone to be satisfied with him.

In Aprile 1752 I grew sickly and tender, but walkt or k.b.—i believe
rode out dayly. I thought likeways that my memory was a*^ o a ^ s ^-
little affected, so that business grew uneasv to me. My ceeded from

. . . •■, T f. , T imagination

strength seemed to decay dayly ; m a word, 1 relt, as 1 on i yi f or 1
thought, the approaches of death. Lord help me for I know ^^there-
not well my own complaints ! ; after.

1752. My son Matheu had the happiness of being in/*/. 2 4 s.
favour with his Colonel, L d Panmure, and he was allowed to
attend his Ldp. to Ireland, for at Cork the Regiment was to
be revieued.

One of these days I got notice of the death of my old and
intimat friend, Mr. Scrope, 3 who had at first been one of the
Barons of Exchequer, and afterwards one of the clerks of the
Treasury. He died near a dussan of years older than I was, N.C. ff. [?].

1 The name of the month here is rather indistinctly written but appears to be
' December.' An eclipse of Jupiter by the moon, ' which will happen on the 21st
of November' is computed in the Scots Magazine for October 175 1, p. 489.

- The second son of Sir James Holbume, first baronet of Menstrie (see note 2 ,
page 14S). He was a post-captain in the navy ; and at the time of his death,
in 1760. was captain of the 'Newark.' His younger brother was Admiral Francis
Holburne.

z See note -. page 71. Scrope resigned his office in the Exchequer, 25th
March 1724.

228

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

yet his death was very shocking to me, and much lamented, as

our acquaintance began in 1709.
Here lived In the begining of Agust this year I went with my Wife

mdhls fkmiiv- 6 an d a friend or two to Drumcrief, where we staid near a month

in great happiness and tranquillity of mind.

My son Matheu about this time was allowed to go to Paris

and prosecute his studies, in the Engineering Art, and was very
in Novem. 1752. happy in his Masters. I and my family went to Edin., and I

attended the Exchequer as formerly.

The affaires in Parliament and other public affaires went on

as usually.

In the spring of this year my son James began to build the
Library and to add a few Rooms on the west side of the
House, but as there was no pressing occasion for these things,
the work proceeded slowly.
This was^from Abroad the election of a king of the Romans 1 was carried on,
House of but not finished, opposed chiefly by the Intrigues of the French
governing court and by the Intrigues of the king of Prussia.
P ower - In feb. 1753 I enter into the 78 year of my Age, yet found

my self very well, but my sight not a little decayed, yet I
reckon it no small happiness that consequently the pleasures
of the world decayed likeways and tunfd insipide.

25 March this year I observe a great decay of bodily strength
and of my memory, yet I endeavour to keep a good heart and
to bear with patience and resignation what I cannot help.
foi. 24c. In publick affaires I observe but little alteration. However,
it wou'd seem as if the King of Prussia was preparing for some
attempt on his nighbours, since at present he keeps up an
Army of above 100,000 men, and is reputed to be a very rich
Prince.

But to return to my self, I continue to have a great relish
Some at my f or b 00 k s 'tho I seem to forget as fast as I read. Where then

age are angry 0

at all the can I have mv best refuse but in God himself, to whom I

world. . A J 0

commit all my concerns.
10 June 17-3. I decline much in my Memory, "tho I be pretty well in

1 Newcastle and the English Government supported the claims of the Arch-
Duke Joseph II., son of Francis I. and Maria Theresa. He was at length
elected King of the Romans in 1764, after the Peace of Hubertsburg, which ter-
minated the Seven Years' War.

1753] ALLAN RAMSAY AT DUMCRIEFF

229

Health, and am always in a serene good temper of mind. I September i d
am so far very happy that I get dayly accounts from all hands staid for some
that my son Matheu is in great favour with several considerable c' r Tef withmy
men abroad, and that he will turn out to be a fine Engeneer. Daughter

My daughter Jeckie relapsed into the same kind of Ague Anna. Here I
with which she had been affected in 1749. andha^py^

My son George and his Wife came in the beginning of july Ramtiy 1 ! a very
and staid with us a feu days in their way to Drumcrief. 1754.

My son Adam is now on board a 20 gun ship commanded
by one Leg in the West Indies. with us.^ We

My daughter Jeckie, after languishing for some time, re- p en nicuik in
covered her health again. Laus Deo ! The°great old

About the begining of this year I was trubled with a physitian
vomiting, but grew well in a day. This was by a little surfeit, Ceisus gives
for indeed very little affects my stomach, because I commonly ^erdumplw
practise too much Moderation. j" sto interduvi

. . . -\ r 1 1 * 71011 am &" US

In March I had a visite from my son Matheu, who is assume™, Lib.
appointed an Engineer, and to go over to Gibralter for 2 or 3 cannot Approve
vears. However. I was sreatlv refreshed to see him, and oipiusjusto at

' • mi* it i 1 i t anv time -

especially to find him a sensible young lad, and | who may, I ^ aso

hope, make some figure in the World.

I continue to divert my self with reading or in having

1 Curiously enough, this is the only reference in the MS. to Allan Ramsay,
who has been always stated to have been an intimate friend of the Baron's. It
has been frequently asserted that the obelisk to his poet's memory at Ravens-
neuk, on the Penicuik estate, was erected by the Baron. This, however, is
incorrect, as Ramsay survived him till 1758 ; it was erected by his son, Sir
James Clerk, in 1759. A portrait of Allan Ramsay, painted by Aikman, is pre-
served at Penicuik House. It is inscribed on the back, in the Baron's autograph
as follows : —

' A Roundlet hi Mr. Ramsay s own way.
Here painted on this canvas clout,
By Aikman's hand is Ramsay's snout,
The picture's value none may doubt,

For ten to one I '11 venture,
The greatest critics could not tell
Which of the two does not excel,
Or in his way should bear the bell,

The poet or the painter.

J. C. , Pennicuik, 5 May 1723.'

Beside it is a portrait of the artist, the Baron's cousin, marked in his hand-
writing, ' Mr. Aikman, painted by himself when dying, and left as a legacy to
me, J. C, anno 1733.'

230

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

[1754

others to read to me. My Meditations are likeways very
diverting to me, for, as I have read and studied much in my
time, the calling these things to mind gives me very great
pleasure.

5 Ap. 1754. I must record here a very providential escape
from a very great danger. As I was returning from the
Howgate mouth 1 homewards, my Horse took a fright on the
top of the Bridge of Pennicuik and threu me. I was stuned
with the fall but got no other harm, whereas I was in danger
either of being throuen over the Bridge or breaking a bone on
the Caseuay. However, it pleased God that I escaped, 'tho I
cannot call to mind this event without Horror and a great
thankfullness to Almighty God who has preserved me in many
dangers.

In May 1754 I continued well, Hho sometimes trubled with
a swiming in my head. In the mean time I complain to no
body. There is no helping of old Age and the infirmities
which alwavs attend it.

26 june this year, my son Matheu was called for to attend
the Garrisone at Gibraltar, and accordingly he went from
Edin. post to London.

This month I went to the pouting in my own Moors on
Dykenook Rig, dined at the little House, and shot as well as
ever, "tho I seldom wish to see above 3 or 4 pouts killed.

In july this year, 1754, I had 3 visits from my friends; one
from the Duke and Dutchess of Queensberry, accompanied
with one Mr. Macgie, 2 a Gallouay Gentleman ; another from
the Earl of Galloway with his Lady and Daughter, Lady
Hendretta ; 3 and the 3d was from L d . Drumlanrig, son of the
Duke of Queensberry, and his new married Lady, a daughter
foi. 251. of the Earl of Hopton. They were j accompanied by L d .

1 Howgate, a village about a mile and a quarter south-east of the town of
Penicuik.

- Probably John M'Ghie of Balmaghie, Kirkcudbrightshire ; or his son
Alexander, who married Grizell, only daughter of James Gordon, second son of
Alexander, Viscount Kenmure, and predeceased his father.

' J Lady Harriet, fifth daughter of Alexander, sixth Earl of Galloway, by his
second wife, Lady Catherine Cochrane, third daughter of John, fourth Earl of
Dundonaid. She married, in 1765, Lord Archibald Hamilton, afterwards ninth
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon, and died in 1788.

1 754 ] DEATH OF LORD DRUMLANRIG 52:31

Areskin and his Lady. 1 Two of these companies staid with me
at Pennicuik only a night, but L d . Drumlanrig staid with me
only till dinner was over, and then went and lay at the Brig-
house in their way to Drumlanrig.

A little while after, a most melancholly accident hapned to
my L d . Drumlanrig, for as he was traveling with the Duke
and Dutchess to London, and had come a little beyond Batry, 2
in Yorkshire, he was shot dead by himself in putting out his
pistols to try if they were loaded with ball, as the Report of
Highwaymen near that place made necessary. 3

Tis impossible to describe the consternation of his Parents
and of his Lady, who were all in a coach near him, and I
doubt much if ever they will recover their loss and consterna-
tion upon such a terrible occasion.

In Agust and September for 3 weeks I staid with my son
George at Drumcrief, and was very happy. In Novemb 1 . I
attended the Court of Exchequer for some days, but on the
return of our Chief Baron from England, and as my attend-
ance was not very necessary, I absented during the rest of our
Term.

In decemb r ., being at Pennicuik with the rest of my Family,
I fell ill of a flux, but blessed be God, this continued only for
a day or two. My distress was occasioned by eating too much
cabage broth. N.B.— All Greens affect me in the same way,
and for the future must be avoided.

i Thomas, Lord Erskine, only son of John, the attainted Earl of Mar. He
married, in 1741, Lady Charlotte Hope, eighth daughter of Charles, first Earl
of Hopetoun ; and died in 1766.

s Bawtry. 3 See note *> P a S e 2 °9-

APPENDIX

A LIST OF IMPROVEMENTS MADE BY ME AT PENNI-
CUIKE AND MAVISBANK, LIKEWAYS AT CAMMO
IN THE PARISH OF CRAMOND, BEFORE I SOLD 1
THE SAME TO ONE JOHN HOG, A RELATION OF
MINE, AND COLLECTOR OF THE CESS AT EDIN.

I insert this List, not at all from any principle of vanity
From the year but to incite those who succeed me to attempt the same things
according to their circumstances.

^ I have always thought that my salary as a Baron of the
Exchequer was publick money and a gratification I owed to my
Country, and therfor I laid out the whole of it and some more
of my pnvat patrimony for the Improvement of my Country •
and besides I was constantly of opinion that since his Majesty
King George the First, and before him Queen Ann, supported
me not only m necessaries but in superfluities, it was my duty
to support several of my poor Country-men.

Agreable to this principle I, for the most part, supported at
least a dussan of them, and several times above a score, so that
I hope the publick will not think the money unprofitably spent
which was bestowed on me. Many poor families were main-
tained by me. so that I doubt not but of young and old I sup-
ported for many years near to fifty or sixty. Nor was my care
confined to able bodied Men who served me in these improve-
ments, but extended likeways to the old, for several of such
Men were supported by me when they were between 70 and SO
years of Age at the rate of 6 sh. Sd Scots pr day when they
never were able to work to me above what I might have
expected from Boys of 12 or 14 years of Age; yea, severals of
tiiose were maintained by me to their deaths, for 3 or 4 years
after they cou'd work no more.

1 See Additional Note K, — Cammo.

APPENDIX

233

These Improvements were made at Pennicuik.

All the plantations on both sides of the Water of Esk from
Ravenshaugh burn down to the Damhead of Pennicuik, being
at least a mile.

The Inclosures on both sides of that Water down to the
said Damhead.

Several Inclosures upon the grounds of Hurley and many
plantations.

The Inclosure of Clermont Park, the ponds there stocked
with Carp and Tench, together with the plantations there. TencWre
The Cave of Hurley. brought from

, . England.

The Inclosure and plantation opposite to it.

The great square Loch or pond on the north west side of
Pennicuik House, with all the plantations there.

The plantations on the South side of the same House and
above Montesine's Cave.

The stone Bridge at Montesine's Cave.

The Avenue through Coldshoulders park.

Eskfield house. Garden and plantations at the Damhead of
Pennicuik.

The Hedges, ditches, and plantations at Cooking and Glas-
kills, which include about 230 Acres of ground.

The House and Mains of the Eastneld of Pennicuik, being
formerly all outfield grounds.

The great Isle of Pennicuik Kirk over against the pulpet, for
the use of my Tenants.

The Steeple from the ground, both on my own charges.

The Town House of Pennicuik.

The Avenue and Bridge over the East burn to the House of N.B.— Before
Pennicuik, which was the greatest improvement that ever was m ade V wh?<li WaS
done to the House. SfSi^

no road nor

At LoXHEAD AND MaVISBANK. access to the

House but on

The Level to the coal seams, which begins on the East side the North s^de
of the Garden at Mavisbank, and runs above 300 fathoms Law roiTnd the

i j Park dvkes to

under ground. the nor - th

The whole Inclosures in the moor of Lonhead, with the moor Avenue,
Houses, there having; been nothing in this moor but whins.

234

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

The House, offices, Gardens, and inclosures of Mavisbank,
there having been nothing there before but a little farm-house
300 elles farther east, which likeways was called Mavisbank.

Water to Lonhead, brought in by me in Timber pipes, there
having been nothing there before but what was brought from
the Mavis Well, under the House of Mavisbank.

The Town House of Lonhead. not built bv me, but bought
from the masone who built it.

Ax Cammo.

Here I lived from the year 1710 to 1723. I was constantly
doing something about it and all the plantations ; the dyks
and inclosures which were at that time, were done bv me.

A R M O RIAL BOOK-PLATE

t/thc Cierk< o/Peittcu:':

ADDITIONAL NOTES

NOTE A, p. 5. Barony of Penicuik. — In Chambers's Peeblesshire it is
stated that Dr. Alexander Pennicuik, in 1646, sold the estate of Penicuik to
Tohn Clerk, and purchased the smaller estate of Newhall. This, however, is
incorrect, as is proved by the interesting account of the estate and its successive
owners given in Wilson's Annals of Penicuik (Edinburgh, 1891 , which should
be consulted. The family of Pennicuik had possessed the barony from a remote
period, and in 1298 John de Kingston. Constable of Edinburgh, writes to Walter
de Langton, Lord Treasurer of England, that ' intelligence has come to me that
the Lady of Penicok (which is 10 leagues from our Castle) has received her son,
who is against the peace, and that other evil-doers are there harboured and
received.' The estate remained in the famiiy till the beginning of the seventeenth
century, and on 19th December 1603, Alexander Penycuke of that Ilk entered
into a contract with John Prestoun of Fentonbarns regarding the sale of the
lands and barony, and, on 22d March 1604, granted procuratory of resignation
in his favour. On 29th March 1604 Prestoun received a charter of the lands
from the Crown. John Prestoun, who was knighted by King James, and in
1609 appointed Lord President of the Court of Session, was succeeded in 1616
by his eldest son, John Prestoun, who was Solicitor-General, and was created a
baronet in 162S. By him the estates were sold, in 1646, to Dame Margaret
Scott, Countess of Eglintoune, wife of the sixth earl, eldest daughter of Walter,
first Lord Scott of Buccleuch, and relict of James, sixth Lord Ross; and the
records from the Register of Sasines. dated September 1st, 1646. and September
4th, 1647, are given by Mr. Wilson in full. According to Douglas, the Countess
died in 1651 ; and on 19th October 1653 her youngest daughter, Jean Ross,
married to Sir Robert Innes of Innes, Bart., and her granddaughter, Margeret
Hepburn, were served heirs-portioners to the lands of Pennycook. To quote
Wilson's Annals of Penicuik, page 149, 'Their Sasines are recorded on 31st
March 1654. Prior to that date, however, Sasine proceeding upon bond and
obligation is granted by Robert Innes. elder of that ilk, and Sir Robert Innes,
younger thereof, as principals; Alexander Brodie of that ilk, and Alexander
Douglas of Spynie, as cautioners for them, and also by David Dunbar of
Binnies, and other cautioners for them, whereby, for the sum of ^6000 Scots,
then borrowed and received by the said Sir Robert Innes, elder and younger,
from John Clark, merchant, burgess of Edinburgh, the said Sir Robert Innes,
younger, bound him duly and lawfully to infeft and seise the said John Clark,
his heirs and assignees whomsoever, in all and haill an annual rent of £360 out
of the lands and barony of Pennycook and lands of Hailles, with the whole
parts, pendicles, and pertinents thereof, to be holden of the said Sir Robert
Innes, younger, in free blench. This document is dated at Mylnetoun of Ross
Innes, and Edinburgh, the 29th September, 9th and ioth April and May, 1653,
and Sasine given on ioth February 1654. The above record is interesting as
showing the first connection of the ancestor of the present owner with the

236

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

barony of Penicuik. His final acquisition took place shortly afterwards, when
Jean Ross and Margaret Hepburn, who were infeft in equal halves of it, granted
charter of the lands and barony to the said John Clerk, Merchant, burgess of
Edinburgh, and he was infeft therein heritably and irredeemably, his Sasine
being recorded on 3d June 1654.' According to Mr. Wilson, it was about 1646
that the Creichtounes sold the estate of Newhall to Dr. Alexander Pennycuick,
the lineal descendant and representative of the Penycukes of that ilk, who was
succeeded by his eldest son of the same name, the poet, and author of a Descrip-
tion of Tweeddale (Edinburgh, 1715). The arms of ' Pennycuke of that Ilk'
appear in Sir David Lindsay's MS. as Argent, a fess between three hunting-horns
sable; and the arms of 4 Pennicook of Newhall,' representative of the Penny-
cukes of that Ilk, are marticulated in the Register of the Lyon Office in 1672 as
'Or, a fess betwixt three hunting-horns, sable, garnished and stringed gules.'
with the crest of ' a stag lodged under ane oak-tree proper and the motto Ui
resurgam. '

NOTE B, pp. 6-1S. Description of Estate and Old House of Penicuik, in a
Letter from the Baron to Boerhaave. — I may here give an abbreviated English
version, kindly furnished by Mr. T. Graves Law, of a draft of a Latin letter to
Boerhaave, preserved among the Clerk papers, giving a quaint, and in parts
curiously grandiloquent, account of the house and estate of Penicuik. The
Baron notes that the letter was 'afterwards much shortened, all or most of the
redundances being laid aside before it was sent,' and that the paragraph describing
the Cave of Hurley, made in 1741, was added long after.

After some general prefatory remarks the Baron proceeds to satisfy his friend's
desire to have a full description of his house and estate.

• The villa is seven or eight miles from Edinburgh. This distance is particularly
pleasant to me, and would be. as I suppose, to all men immersed in public affairs,
more agreeable than a retreat nearer to the city. For, as Pliny, the younger,
says of his Tuscan home, here is the most profound and undisturbed ease, there
is no need to sport fine clothes, no neighbour calls, and all things give rest and
quiet. Here I have lived from my cradle. There is not a corner, not a tree,
not a stream, which has not been a witness of my juvenile studies and games.

' But to describe the estate : On the west stretches a plain for some miles,
varied with hilis, valleys, streams, springs, and shrubberies. Parts are unculti-
vated and marshy, but this gives work for my tenants and servants, who are
daily improving it. Meanwhile there is no part, however swampy, which has
not its use, for the moors are suited for sport. There is an abundance of hares.
The birds thrive in the heather. Wild geese, partridges, quails, etc., abun-
dantly provide for the conviviality of guests.

'All these animals and birds I regard in the light of neighbours ; and, to speak
my own mind. I think nothing more conduces to the tranquillity and charm of
a country house than the fact that one sees (with the exception of one's farmers
and servants) nothing in the neighbourhood but flocks and cattle and birds.
The society of men, however useful and pleasant, is fitted for the town rather
than the country. On the east lies the most fertile and, as I believe, most culti-
vated region of all Scotland— the greater part, that is, of the counties of Edin-
burgh and Haddington, where some noble estates render the prospect varied and
agreeable.

' On the north are the Pentland Hills— most healthy— moderating the current

ADDITIONAL NOTES

237

of the glacial winds in winter, and in summer increasing the heat of the sun.
For in these northern regions of ours the rays of the sun, as a rule, are found
even in summer-time to be useful. These mountains are covered with herds and
flocks, and the herbs scattered everywhere supply rich materials for the delightful
researches of the botanist.

1 Now you will easily form a guess as to the temperate character of the climate.
Although the atmosphere is cold in winter, yet in summer its mildness is a
blessing to the inhabitants. And, indeed, throughout the British island it is a
general rule that the climate is more temperate in winter as well as in summer
than with you in Holland. So, here in our Scotland, many old men, grand-
fathers and great-grandfathers, are to be seen, enjoying the greatest felicity.
The greater part of them die rather of old age than of disease.

' This country domain of mine is distinguished by many enclosures and pre-
serves, and is everywhere fed with springs and rivulets. Some 500 acres give
employment to my servants. Part is destined for pasturage, part for hay, and
part for grain. Here, too, the variety greatly pleases the eye— plantations of
timber, forest trees, hills and rocks interspersed, covered with shrubs and thickets.
Nor are there wanting rugged and contorted boulders, those relics of an ancient
world which, if not terrible of aspect, adorn the face of nature. . .

'This in general must suffice. Now for a more particular description of my
villa ; and meanwhile I pray you, most illustrious sir, not to believe that I have
been so blinded as not to be able to distinguish what is true from what is
imaginary. ...

' I therefore make a beginning with my house and its conveniences. It is ample
rather than magnificent, useful and convenient rather than sumptuous or splendid.
It shows an aged and wrinkled brow, for here my father and grandfather lived
and died ; but it is clean and bright, and more suited to the wants of my family
than if it had been finished with all the arts and ornaments of Vitruvius.

' In the upper part of the house is the library, by no means to be despised either
for the number of its volumes or the fame and dignity of their authors. There
you will find books in all departments of literature— theological, legal, philo-
sophical, mathematical, historical, medical. There is plenty of the classics, nor
are there wanting various editions of them, although I should have disregarded
some of them as too ponderous, and others on account of the dreams and hallu-
cinations of their editors. The first fruits of the typographical art I venerate
rather than cherish. Therefore I leave the rarer works of John Fust, Pannartz,
and Svveinheym to public libraries, and would that in these libraries there could
rest in peace those great commentaries of literati which have brought to the
human race more disgust than utility.

'But lest my library should be quite empty of the monuments and delights of
the arts, you may see there certain ancient bronze and marble statues, altar-
pieces, inscriptions, and that sort of thing, as far as the slenderness of my fortune
permitted. There are also in the museum a number of Greek and Roman coins,
incised vases, traces of a picture of ancient workmanship. There also are objects
notable for beauty or rarity, such as the bones, limbs, or skins of wild beasts,
birds, and fishes ; for so I would imitate Julius Ctesar and Augustus (according to
Suetonius), and even if I had not the example of such great men, I should regard
it as a mean thing to build up a library of huge volumes on antiquities, and yet
to disdain as useless the very objects which the most learned men, as Graevius,
Gronovius, and Montfaucon, have explained with such expenditure of time and

238

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

toil. The things themselves speak and for the most part explain themselves ;
but descriptions, however accurate, present to the mind only confused or shadowy
ideas. . . .

1 But to continue. In the lower part of the house I have a chamber fitted up
with my private and domestic things, and consecrated to study and quiet, that is,
remote from the noise of my children and servants. I have here many books to
be read, and read often. For I even provoke my friends and guests, and allure
them by my example, by this variety to studies, each according to his bent.
Therefore there is something learnt here daily. . . .

' For the basement of the house are cellars, where, in addition to plenty of our
British wine made from barley, other better kinds may b 'found— not, indeed,
Falernian nor Massic wine, but what the neighbouring nations, France, Spain,
and Portugal, bestow. Moreover, what is most rare— unless this be imputed to
my too great frugality or moderation— I have what sometimes Horace himself
thought worthy of Maecenas, i.e. wine nine years old. But, to confess the
truth, if it were not for my guests I should seldom trouble my cellars, for thus I
have learnt from Cornelius Cclsus to want neither physician nor druggist, and to
accept as a celestial oracle that first chapter of his first book on medicine. As
to my tables, for the most part they are furnished with unbought feasts, for I
should think it most disgraceful that a countryman such as I profess myself to be
should not imitate that old man of Virgil, the Corycian.

' Throughout the other parts of the house, the hall, supper-room, dining-room,
etc., are seen certain pictures, most elegant of their kind. Not, indeed, those
painted by the hands of the Greeks, of Apelles, Parrhasius, Zenzides, or Proto-
genes, but such as others, I hardly believe of less note, have produced, such as
Raphael of Urbino, the Rhenish Guido, Rubens, Vandyck, Paul Veronese,
and Francis Imperialis, all of whom, as you well know, in certain matters of
ornament proper to their age, could rival the Greeks and Romans, and in certain
others were far their superiors, as may be easily demonstrated from fragments of
ancient monuments.

* Other things upon my walls I pass over as of small moment, unless perchance
my votive offering engraved on stone may for a little arrest your curiosity.'

[Here follows an inscription of twelve lines, beginnings —

' Rustica sed mini chara domus,'

and ending —

' Hrec precor utque tibi dominos gens clerica semper
Suppleant eximios qui tua rura colant.']

' Now, about my gardens, preserves, fish-ponds, and other parts of my villa, a
few words must be said. The gardens are rather rustic than cultivated, according
to modern elegance ; and pleasant rather than sumptuous. . . . All vegetables
useful for cooking are sedulously cultivated, and the trees fixed to the garden-
walls might give delight to Pomona herself, for here are all the species of fruits
which our Scottish land produces.

' In these gardens I think the chiefest ornament is the apiary. It gives me
daily an example of industry and frugality. Heavenly gifts are there prepared,
while the bees in the summer collect the honey in their waxen granaries. From
their slender but courageous breasts men may learn military discipline. . . .
Such rich matter for philosophising occurs to me as I watch them. .

ADDITIONAL NOTES

239

' Among other gardens there is one, or rather an aviary, near the window of
my chamber, where sometimes I feed the various birds with my hand. Here
ducks, Guinea fowls, partridges, and occasionally pheasants, daily look for my
help. In the midst is a fountain, whence water flows from an urn supported on
the shoulder of the statue of a man ; and by its gentle sprinkling the grass below
is refreshed. Moreover, round the basin are numerous little runnels, which
sometimes allure you to sleep with their pleasant murmur.

' I have various fish-ponds, and one especially which forms a lake rather than a
pond. It is situated in the midst of a wood, which is dissected by a number of
paths. Four little islands covered with shrubs adorn it, and afford hiding-places
and protection for ducks and aquatic birds of the sort. It supports a great
multitude of fish wk.ch, either from natural joy or with the desire of catching
flies, are seen continually to skip and play and throw themselves about. Here,
therefore, for walking, or fishing, or hunting, my whole family at times take
exercise. . . .

' Nor can I omit another fish-pond, or lesser lake, noteworthy for its position
and solitude, which a poet only could describe. It is surrounded by hills and
steep rocks, and no one can get access to it but by the mouth of a frightful cave.
To those who enter, therefore, fiist occurs the memory of the cave of the Cuman
Sibyl, for the ruinous aperture, blocked up with stones and briars, strikes the
eye. Then there comes upon the wayfarers a shudder, as they stand in doubt
whether they are among the living or the dead. As, indeed, certain discords
set off and give finish to musical cadencies in such a way as to render the sub-
sequent harmony more grateful to the ear. so does the form of this mournful
cave, with its long and shady path followed by the light and prospect, make the
exit more delightful. For suddenly the darkness disappears, and as it were at
the creation of a new world. . . .

' Further, among the aquatic adornments of this villa is conspicuous the fountain
called Scobea, more lustrous than glass, or even than the Horatian fountain of
Blandusia itself, surrounded on all sides by trees, and so umbrageous that Diana
herself, with her nymphs, might use it for a bath. It is incredible what joys
this fountain provided for my youth, and still, as often as I pass by its margin, I
recall to memory those tokens of puerile innocence. It is decorated with a
certain rustic piece of architecture, upon which is cut this inscription — . . .
(Given before, in note to page 215.) The meadows are adorned with game pre-
serves, woods, caves, and pleasant hills, but above all by the river Esk : and of
these I must say a few words.

'The meadows are filled with every kind of field herbs, and watered with per-
ennial streams. Therefore a multitude of tame animals, especially horses and
oxen, are seen, not so much to graze as to disport themselves. The woods are
in leaf with every kind of tree. Wild animals, whether quadrupeds or birds,
not only endure the sight of man, but, as it were, court his society. . . .

'We have often noticed on one tree, or at a short interval, birds rapacious and
tame, harmless and trustful, building their nests and cheri,hing their young,
hawks, pigeons, woodpeckers, thrushes, crows, blackbirds, and the whole tribe
of songsters. Often, also, in the same preserve, foxes, sheep, weasels, hares,
wild cats, and rabbits delight to dwell.

' Among the caves, that which is called Montesina is held in renown with us,
rocky and umbrageous, hidden with thick filbert bushes and various shrubs.
Therefore certain wonders are told about it, and by the credulous it is taken for

240

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

a seat of the subterranean gods, or dryads of the wood. Superb elms over-
shadow the entrance. . . .

'As to the river Esk, it has its source in the Pentland Hills, referred to above,
and, after traversing many fields with serpentine twists, flows with placid rather
than tumultuous waves into the estuary of the Forth, to the German Sea.
Throughout its whole course it is embellished with timber, planted by art or by
nature, for it is graced with many seats of the nobility, etc. Where it waters
my estates it is distinguished with every gift of nature. Springs bubble up on
both banks, which, with their rivulets placidly murmuring, soothe the ear and
attract to solitude. . . . Among the valleys which this river adorns is one called
" Turrita," which gives the picture of an immense amphitheatre, such as only the
Parent of Nature could frame. . . .

' Higher up, those who walk by the bank meet a bridge, built for the private
use of the house, and on the bank a certain roofed summer-house lets you see
the windings and cataracts of the river. There a square stone serves for a table,
and bears this inscription —

" Hie interdum studiis," etc.

Other inscriptions may be seen here and there on my estate, but these must not
delay your studies and occupations. Therefore I will make an end, with this
prayer only, that God, the most good and most great, may preserve and increase
for a long time for us and our posterity these our joys and the desires of our
home, and that you may bear with patience and indulgence this missive, more
than usually verbose. Farewell.'

NOTE C, p. Wrightshouses. — From the charter of 1664, mentioned by
Douglas, it would appear that the lands of "Wrightshouses had been acquired by
Tohn Clerk from William Napier of Wrightshouses, Robert Menzies of Glassie,
and Robert Urie, writer in Edinburgh, subject to the reversionary interest of
Napier — which may account for the fact, recorded by Stair, that a claim to the
estates of Napier of Wrightshouses was made by persons of that name so late
as 16S0.

The present proprietors of Wrightshouses are the Governors of the Trades-
Maiden Hospital, Edinburgh, who acquired it in 1762, as appears from the only
title-deed in their possession, a charter of sale from the Crown, as superior, fol-
lowing upon a judicial sale, and dated 6th August in that year. This document
throws no light upon the statement in Douglas as to the disposal of the estate by
John Clerk. The oldest deed referred to in it is a procuratory of resignation by
Colin Mackenzie in favour of Sir John Clerk of Pennycuick, dated 1689, by
whom the estate seems to have been conveyed to a Robert Clerk on 6th January
1710. It passed from a James Clerk (probably the heir of Robert) in 1720,
under a decree of sale, into the hands of Sir William Menzies of Gladstanes. In
1754 it was the property of James Hamilton of Gilkerscleugh and Robert Ramsay
of Blackcraig. From them it went to James Mitchelson, jeweller in Edinburgh,
and from him to the present proprietors. — M.

NOTE D, p. 8. The Court Book of the Baronies of Lasswadc and
Loanhead. — Amongst the documents preserved in the Clerk family there is
an interesting record of the barony courts for Lasswade and Loanhead com-

ADDITIONAL NOTES

241

mencing in 1664, a date some thirty-two years before the acquisition of these
estates by the first Sir John Clerk, and continuing down to 1740. There must
be many similar records preserved in old charter-chests, and they are of con-
siderable value not only in illustrating the manners, customs, and superstitions of
the time, but also in giving us a good idea of the mode in which petty justice —
both criminal and civil — was administered at a period when the modern Sheriff
Court (which, under the fostering care of the Legislature, has extinguished its
former rivals) was practically non-existing. The barony court was certainly an
anomalous institution ; and although, when its powers were wisely made use
of, it must have benefited the district, it certainly gave wide scope for injustice
and tyranny. The baron was an exception to the sound rule that no one
ought to be judge in his own cause, for a large proportion of the business in
his court must have consisted in proceedings at his instance against his vassals
and tenants, in which he either gave judgment himself or by means of the
bailie, who was his creature. Baron courts have never recovered the cruel blow
struck at them by the Act of George II. putting an end to heritable jurisdictions.
The baron's jurisdiction, both civil and criminal, although not abolished, was
so limited by that Act that it was hardly worth the trouble of administrating it,
while he, his bailie and his prison were put under the humiliating supervision
of the Sheriff and Sheriff-Clerk. The glory of the baron courts has vanished
for ever, and they have, along with other institutions, had to give way to the
progress of civilisation.

At the date when this record commences, the court is described as being
held at Lasswade, Sir John Nicolson, baronet of Lasswacle, being the baron.
In 1670, however, there is a court described as that of the barony of Nicolson.
Later, in 1687, the name Loanhead of Lasswade is introduced, and about this
date a factor for the estate of Nicolson appears on the scene, to be followe d in
due time by a new baron in the shape of Sir John Clerk (the first baronet),
whose first court, set forth as that of the ' baronie of Laswade holden at Loan-
head,' bears dale 23d October 1696. On and after this date we hear no more
of ' Nicolson.'

It is impossible within the compass of a brief note to give an adequate idea of
the number of matters dealt with in such a court. Its work may be said to fall
under the divisions of legislative and judicial. It made laws, inter alia, for the
regulation of the drink traffic, observance of the Sabbath, and the protection
of the baron's estate, and punished persons for breaches of these laws, and it
also acted as a tribunal for the disposal of minor criminal trials and civil actions.
Sir John seems to have set about a vigorous reformation of his little community
at the very outset. Drunkards were to be punished with a fine of one shilling
Scots for the first offence, with a further threat of an abode in the 'jogs ' until
caution be found for future 'peaceable and Christian behaviour.' The sale of
drink within the barony was apparently entirely prohibited, as also the supply
of drink in private houses to excess, under the terrible sanction of the names
being given up to the Kirk -session of Lasswade.

Persons failing to keep the church or to sanctify the Lord's Day, or whoever
came home betwixt sermons without a weighty cause, w ere to be looked upon
as profane and unworthy of Christian fellowship, and if a rebuke did not serve
to correct their ways, banishment from the barony was to follow. Home life
upon the Sabbath was strictly watched. Those who were not at church (for
some weighty cause) were to keep within doors all clay, and not even to sit at

5242

SIR JOHN CLERfTS MEMOIRS

their doors. The barony officers were at intervals to go through ' the heill
houses of Loanhead in tyme of public worship and mark who are at home and
what is their carriage.' Children gathering of a Sunday together, 'as ordinaily
they do,' to play on the high roads, were to be beaten privately by their parents
for the first and second offence and publicly for the third, upon the following
Monday morning.

These provisions were made, be it observed, by a man whose moderation had
enabled him to escape all molestation during the years following upon the
Restoration.

All masters of families were to set up the worship of God in their houses, and
to pray, read the Bible, and sing psalms morning and evening with their children
and servants. But there is much kindness in the intimation to the coaliers (the
serfs of the barony) which follows, and in terms of which Sir John undertakes
to educate at his own expense the children of those who are not able to do this
themselves.

As a specimen of the judicial work performed in the court the following case,
decided nth March 1697, may suffice :— We find John Gilles complaining against
Margrat Miller that the latter had slandered his mother a few days previously by
calling her, in her absence, a witch, offering to prove this by famous witnesses,
and consigning in the bailie's hands the sum of five pounds Scots 'as his fyne in
case he succombd in y° probatione.' Tiien follows the names of the witnesses,
and the purport of their evidence, which was to the effect that the defender was
heard on one occasion addressing the pursuer's daughter with the expression
' witche's brood,' and using similar terms, but without naming any person. The
bailie found the libel not proven, 'but y* y c said Marg r Miller gave great
offence to Margrat Gilies and others by her rash speeches, ordained her to crave
pardone, to finde caution for her futor and peaceable behaviour, and to pay five
pound of fyne, qh she did : as also decerned y e s d John Gilles to have lost y c
s d five pounds which he consigned in respect he succombd in y° probationer — M.

NOTE E, p. 53. The Act of Security and Liberty of the Plantations. —
England having refused to Scotsmen equal mercantile privileges to those enjoyed
by Englishmen and equal right to trade with foreign colonies and ' plantations,'
Scotland retaliated by the Act of Security. In the Parliament of 1703 there was
much dispute from 21st till 26th July over the clause indicated in the Baron's
side-note, and in the Parliamentary Minutes of the last-named day it was re-
adjusted, inserted, and agreed to as follows : — ' It is hereby specially Statute,
Enacted, and Declared, that it shall not be in the power of the said meeting of
Estates to name the Successor to the Crown of England, to be Successor to the
Crown of the Realm, nor shall the same Person be capable in any event to be
King or Queen of both Realms, unless a free communication of Trade, the
freedom of Navigation, and the liberty of the Plantations be fully agreed to.'
In the Act as passed in the following Session, 5th August 1704, the clause is
made more general, and the phrase ' liberty of the Plantations ' is omitted : —
' . . . unless that in the present session of this or any ensuing Parliament
during her Majestie's reign there be such Conditions of government settled and
enacted as may secure the Honour and Sovereignty of this Crown and Kingdom,
the freedom, frequency, and power of Parliament, the Religious Liberty and
Trade cf ihc Nation, from English or other foreign influence.'

ADDITIONAL NOTES

XOTE F, p. 54. The Rev. John Hepburn.— John Hepburn, A.M., son of
James Hepburn, farmer in Morayshire, had his degree at the University and
King's College, Aberdeen, in 1669, ordained by the Presbyterian ministers at
London in 1678. He was accused of intruding into the ministry, 'thereby
debauching weak men and women, drawing them into rebellious methods
in Ross-shire, 6th March 16S0, and declared fugitive, 5th May 16S4 ; called
hither in 16S0, 16S5, and 16S9. He was suspended by the General Assembly,
4th January 1696, for disorderly courses, which sentence was taken oft" by
the Assembly, 30th January 1699, on his promising to confine his ministry
for to the parish. In 1606, he was also tried before the Privy Council
not taking the oaths to Government, and adjudged to confine himself to the
town of Brechin, and two miles around, and in case he find not caution, to be
imprisoned in the Tolbooth of Edinburgh, which was changed after to the
Castle of Stirling, where he remained about three months, but was prevented for
nearly three years from returning to the parish. He was suspended by the
Commission of Assembly in 1704, served with a long libel, and deposed, after
many warnings, 9th April 1705, "after having neither dispensed the Lord's
Supper to others, nor partaken thereof himself, for more than sixteen vears, and
been guilty of a continuous tract of erroneous, seditious, and divisive doctrines,
and schismatical courses, wherein he is obstinate, and refuses to be reclaimed."
He was reponed, however. 12th August 1707, partly by reason of a protest from
the heritors, elders, and inhabitants of the parish, and partly by his conciliatory
declaration. He formed a presbytery with another disaffected brother about
1 713. which lasted a very short while, and died 20th March 1723, aged about 74.
in the forty-fifth year of his ministry. Remarkable effects sometimes attended his
ministry, especially in prayer, which sometimes continued for hours together, while
he was equally fervid in preaching. He was strenuously opposed to the Union of
the kingdom in 1707, to the Act of Toleration, and to the ambiguous character
of the Oaths of Abjuration and Supremacy. So zealous was he against Popery
that books on the subject which he could find in the parish were collected and
set fire to on the Corse Hill ; and when the Protestant Succession to the Throne
was endangered in 171 5, he raised a volunteer corps of 300. and marched at
their head, having on their standard an inscription, " For the Lord of Hosts. ; '
He married, in April 1701. Emila, daughter of Alexander Kisbett of Craigentinny.
and had r. son, Mr. John, who became one of the ministers of Edinburgh. Pub-
lications : True Copy of a Letter sent to the Rev. Will. J'eteh. tnin. of Dumfries,
Answering some Gross Calumnies in his Pamphlet entitled " A short History of
Rome's desigtzs, etc." (In Vetch's answer it is asserted that the real authors were
Riddoch and Hunter, and other Popish emissaries.) Some Additional Rules for
Fellowship Meetings (Smith's Directory, Edin. 173S, i2mo).' — Scott's Fasti.
Part 11. pp. 607-S.

In Humble Pleading: for the Good Old Way (s.l. 1713), a manifesto of Hep-
burn's adherents will be found, at pp. 2-5, a list of six 'principles.' 'for the
most part read in almost the same words at the committee held at Sanquhar,
ar.no 1705, and approven by the Ministers Members of the same.' These are
briefly — I. Adherence to the Scriptures and the Confessions of the Church of
Scotland ; II. Adherence to the Forms of Worship of the Church of Scotland ;
III. Adherence to the Presbyterian Form of Church Government : IV. Belief
in the Headship of Christ and Independence of the Church upon any Foreign
Civil Power, whether Supreme or Subordinate : V. Approbation of the Reforma-

244

SIR JOHN CLERK-S MEMOIRS

lion from Popery and Prelacy ; VI. Adherence to the National Covenants. Then
follows a list of twenty-six specified grievances against Church and State ; and the
first part of the volume concludes with the statement that ' we resolve to dissent
no longer if our grievances were Redressed, or honestly sought to be Redressed.'

The second part of the volume deals more particularly with the life and ' con-
tendings ' of Hepburn. See also The Last Testimony of the Reverend, Pious,
and Painful Servant of Christ, Mr. John Hepburn (s.l. 1723).

It will be remembered that it was at Sanquhar that the celebrated Declaration
of Cameron, Cargill, and their adherents— modelled, with alterations, on the
Queensferry Paper found on the dead body of Cargill— was affixed to the market-
cross, on 22d June 1680. See Hetherington's Plistory of the Church of Scotland,
vol. ii. p. 109; and Wodrow, vol. iii. p. 21S.

NOTE G, p. 66. Pamphlets attributed to Baron Sir John Clerk.— I have
not been able to discover a pamphlet with the title given above, but a copy of
A Letter to a Friend giving an Account how the Treaty of Union has been received
here, and ivherein arc contained sonic remarks upon what has been written by Mr.
H. and Mr. R., Edinburgh, Printed in the year M.D.CCYI., in the Advocates'
Library, is inscribed in a contemporary hand ' By Mr. John Clerk of Pennycook,
younger,' which, taken in connection with the statement above— ' these pieces
were known to be mine ' — seems to be evidence of considerable weight as to its
authorship. Wilson includes this pamphlet in his list of De Foe's works
{Memoirs, vol. i. p. 32), and identifies the 'Mr. H.' of the titie-page as James
Hodges (a Presbyterian minister, author of an Essay upon the Union, etc.,
Edinr., 1706), and the 'Mr. R.' as George Ridpath (author of Considerations
upon the Union of the Ttuo Kingdoms, n. p. 1706), but in vol. ii. p. 491, he
merely states that ' this seems to have been written by an Englishman, and pro-
bably by De Foe.' Lee {Life and Recently Discovered Work: of Defoe, vol. iii.
p. 133) notes that ' Mr. Wilson attributes this to Defoe, although he does not
appear to have seen a copy. Not having myself been more successful, I adopt a
saying of our author's and "leave it as I find it."' But all doubt as to the
authorship of the pamphlet is set at rest by a copy preserved at Penicuik House,
which is inscribed on the title-page, in the Baron's own handwriting, ' Written
by T. C. of P., afterwards B. of E.' It is a vigorous and readable pamphlet of
forty-four pages, and contains a clear exposition of the same opinions upon the
Union as are expressed in the present MS. That Clerk was practically at one
with De Foe on the subject may be gathered from his good opinion of the
Englishman's History of the Option, given in his side-note to folio 75 above
(page 64): 'There is not one single fact in it that I can challenge.' As an
example of the style of the pamphlet I may quote two passages :—

' In a corner of the Street one may see a Presbyterian Minister, a Popish
Priest, and an Episcopal Prelate, all agreeing together in their discourcc against
the Union : but upon quite different views and contradictory Reasons. The
Minister, because he fears the Presbyterian Church Government will be ruined,
and so great encouragement will be given to Popery and Prelacy. The Priest,
because his Darling Hopes will be disappointed, by the settling the Succession
in the Protestant Line. And the Prelate, because he knows the Parliament will
make such a Security for the Presbyterian Church Government, as that it cannot
be altered in Scotland without saping the Fundation of the Union, and shaking
the whole Fabrick of the British Constitution,' p. 7.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

245

' We have the Honour indeed to pretend to Chastity (as some call it) having
never been Conquered ; but this should serve only to entice us to imitate the
Conduct of a chaste Virgin, who, because she fears her own Weakness, and want
of Resolution to continue long in that Condition, prudently enters into Wedlock :
by which sort of Union, she acquires indeed the Name of being one flesh with her
Husband, yet at the same time she remains that very numerical Honourable
Person that she was before,' p. 9.

It may be noticed that a pamphlet on Money and Trade considered, with a
Proposal for supplying the Nation with Money, 4to, Edinr., 1705, has been incor-
rectly attributed to Clerk in the Dictionary of Natioiial Biography. In the Advo-
cates' Library this pamphlet is twice indexed, in immediately succeeding entries:
the first copy being correctly assigned to John Law, of the Mississippi Scheme,
under whose name the second edition, published in 1750, was issued ; but the
second copy being erroneously assigned to Clerk, on the authority of a MS. note
on its title-page, in a contemporary hand (different from both of those that appear
in the two jottings referred to above)—' By John Clerk of Pennicook, yr.'

NOTE H, p. 77. Edinburgh Residences of the Clerks of Penicuik.— -By
disposition dated 23d June 1697, John Clerk (the author of these Memoirs), with
the advice and consent of his father, Sir John Clerk, and Sir John Clerk for his own
right and interest, conveyed this house or lodging to Andrew Patersone of Kirk-
toun, * wright, burges ' of Edinburgh, and Patrick Steel, vintner, burges, jointly,
the purchase money being six thousand merks Scots, with five guineas in gold.
Tohn Clerk, junior, who was the proprietor, is described as the heir to the
umquile Mr. Hendry Hendersone, doctor of medicine, 'my goodsir on the
mother's syde.' Sir Tohn's interest in the property may have arisen under his
marriage-contract. The description of the property, which affords an idea of
what constituted an aristocratic dwelling at that period, is as follows :— ' All and
haill that lodgeing lying on the south syde of the high street of Edinburgh, at the
head of Blackfriars wynd, presently possessed by Lady Susanna Campbell, con-
sisting of one outer roome, kitchen, and dining-roome, bed-chamber, and closet,
and one fore chamber towards the high street of Edinburgh, all in the third
storrie from the street, with two bed-chambers above the s d dining-room and
laigh chamber, with ane closet in the fourth storrie, with ane cellar at the foot of
the turnpick, belonging to the s d lodgeing.' There is further conveyed what is
described as ' a little lodgeing presently possessed by me, the s d Sir John, con-
sisting of ane large room towards the s d high street of Edinburgh, ane little
bed-chamber, with three closets, in the fourth storrie, and two garrets above
the samen, as also ain laigh house in Blackfriars wynd, with ane little timber
shop at the door thereof, presently possessed by widow Mossman ... all
which are ane pairt of that tenement of land sometyme waist and burnt by
the Englishmen, fore and back, under and above, sometyme pertaining to
umquile Mr. John Prestoune, President of the College of Justice, and there-
after to Sir Michael Prestoune of Fentonbarns, his sone.' Dr. Wilson, in his
Memorials, describes Lord President Fentonbarns' house as one of the finest
specimens of ancient style of building in Edinburgh, having the main timbers
of its open facade richly carved in the fashion of some of the magnificent old
timber fronts of the opulent Flemings in Bruges or Ghent. He also quotes
from a disposition by Sir Michael, dated 1626, in which there is the same
reference to ' the waist and burnt land ' as is given in that of the Clerks, and

246

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

points out that this shows the erection to have been subsequent to 1544. The
house seems also to have suffered from the siege in 1572. John Preston of
Fentonbarns was appointed Commissary of Edinburgh in 15S0, and a Lord of
Session in 1595, Lord President in 1609, and died i:i 1616. It would thus
appear that even at the end of the seventeenth century this fine mansion had
undergone the process of division amongst various possessors. Dr. Wilson,
upon the authority of Chambers, refers to another tine old house in Black-
friars Wynd as the town residence of the Clerks. It is that which was
known as Cardinal Beaton's house. In 1756 Sir James Clerk (the son of Sir
John) had a lodging in the head of Blackfriars Wynd either as proprietor or
tenant. If in the former capacity, he must have contemplated a further acquisi-
tion, as amongst the Clerk papers there is preserved a search for encumbrances,
evidently made with a view to purchase. The fact that the disposition in favour
of Paterson and Steel also forms one of these papers may point to Dr. Hender-
son's house having become again the possession of the Clerks at a later period,
perhaps by the year 17 10, when the Baron states that he was residing at the head
of Blackfriars Wynd ' in my own home.'

Dr. Wilson says that Sir James Clerk purchased the family mansion of the
Sempills in Sempill Close in 1755. Another old house which is associated with
the Clerk family is that of Bailie Macmoran in Riddell's Close, but this was at
an earlier date. — M.

Wilson, in his Memorials of Edinburgh (pp. 16S and 169, ed. of 1S72}, states
that the last-named residence, after passing through several generations of the Mac-
morans, ' was acquired by Sir John Clerk of Pennycuick. By him it was sold to
Sir Robert Mackenzie of Preston Hall ;' and in his Reminiscences of Old Edin-
burgh, vol. ii. pp. 16&, 170, he states, without giving his authority, that in the
year when Gordon's Itincrarhim was published (1726) the Baron wrote a letter to
Gale from thai address, referring, inter alia, to Gordon's scheme for cutting a canal
between the Clyde and Forth. The letter, however, is printed in Reliquue
Galeana, and is there headed simply ' Edinburgh, August 29, 1726.' The present
owners of the Riddell's Court property have courteously permitted an examina-
tion of the title-deeds in their possession ; but these afford no information as to
its having been the property of the Clerks.

NOTE I, p. 77. Elixar Proprictatis. — ' Eii.xi. Proprielat. nost. resists putri-
faction, opens the Spleen, helps Digestion, purifies the Blood : it is very cordial,'
etc. — r. 20 of The Dire:/ Method of Citrine: Chymically, by Geo. Thomson,
M.D. : London, 1675. — L.

NOTE K, p. /S. Cammo.— In J. P. Wood's ' Parish of Cramond ' (Edin-
burgh, 1794), will be found a view of the House of Cammo or New Saughton,
and an account of the various owners of the estate : —

From a charter dated 1345, it appears to have belonged to the abbot and con-
vent of Inchcolm : and by an indenture, dated 30th March 1409, Bishop Cardnev,
who had obtained Cammo heritably by an exenmbion and contract of sale from
John, Abbot of Inchcolm, gave and granted the lands to John de Nudre ; the
descendant of whose daughter, John Mowbray of Cammo, sold the estate in
1637 to William Wilkie, merchant in Edinburgh, of the family of Foulden in
Berwickshire. John Menzies of Coulterallers married Wilkie's errand -daughter.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

247

who. on her death, in 168S, bequeathed Cammo to her husband ; who built a
mansion-house, and in 1710 sold the 'estate to Sir John Clerk of Pennycuick,
a o-entleman whose antiquarian knowledge has been much and justly celebrated.

His long residence at Cammo, and his connection with Sir John Inglis,
were the means of enriching his museum with innumerable coins and other
remains of antiquity found at Cramond.'

In 1726 Sir John sold Cammo for ^4333, 6s. Sd. to John Hog of Ladykirk, 1 in
Berwickshire (nephew cf Sir Roger Hog of Harcarse, Senator of the College of
Tustice), who, in 1741. sold it for -£4252, 10s. to James Watson of Saughton,
who changed its name to New Saughton ; and who was succeeded in 177S by
his only surviving son, Captain Charles Watson of Saughton.

For the more recent history of Cammo I am indebted to Mr. Archibald
Steuart, W.S. :— Charles Watson was succeeded by his eldest son James, who
was infeft in 1S05 ; James was succeeded in 1S33 by Charles his eldest son, who
was followed in 1S37 by William Ramsay Watson, and in 1S41 by Helen
Watson, afterwards Lady Aber.dour. She, in 185 1, was succeeded by her only
child, the Honourable Sholto George Watson Douglas, Lord Aberdour, who
sold the property in 1S73 to the late Alexander Campbell, Esq., of 6 Charlotte
Square, Edinburgh, by whose trustees it is now held. In the same year Mr.
Campbell acquired by purchase from Lady Aberdor.rs trustees and added to
the estate the adjoining lands of Braehead Mains.

NOTE L, pp. 10S and 113. The Rev. Alexander Moncrieff of Ciilfargie. — The
Rev. Alexander Moncrieff of Culfargie was the son of Matthew Moncrieff of
Culfargie, a grandson of the Rev. Alexander Moncrieff, minister of Scoonie, a
prominent ecclesiastic in the 17th century, who narrowly escaped with his life
after the Restoration.

Moncrieff was born in 1695, and studied at St. Andrews and Leyden, and at
the latter University distinguished himself. He was licensed in 1717, and
ordained minister of his native parish of Abernethy in 1720. In 1732, he,
along with three other ministers, including Ebenezer Erskine, took up an an-
tagonistic position towards the majority of the Church, which led to their
suspension and the formation of the Associate Synod.

His wife, Mary Clerk, died within a few years of her marriage, and their only
surviving issue was a son, Matthew, who afterwards succeeded to the estate of
Culfargie, and who became a minister of the sect which his father had assisted
in founding. Alexander Moncrieff married a second time, in 172S, Jean Lyon
(daughter of the Rev. William Lyon of Ogil, minister of Airlie), by whom he
had a very large family. He died in 1761. He was the author of numerous
pamphlets and sermons, chiefly of a controversial nature.

Sir John Clerk seems to have had but little sympathy with his brother-in-
law's ' seceding scheme,' and endeavoured to bring him to a more reasonable
mind. In notes of a letter dated June 28, 1739, preserved at Penicuik, the
worthy baronet complains that although Culfargie comes to preach in the neigh-

3 See pace 116 above : where the date of the sale is given as the summer of 1724, and the price
received as^' 4200 lib. ster.. or thereby.' John Hog's son. of the fame name, died in 1744, and
his widow, second daughter of Sir Christopher Musgrave of Edenhall, Cumberland, married,
in 1749, the Right Hon. John Idle, Chief Baron of the Court of Exchequer. See page 133
above, and note 1 there.

24S

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

bourhood he never comes near him. True religion, he contends, consists 1 not
in forms, but in nets of charity, benevolence, and brotherly love as well as of
faith.' He also holds up the example of Whitefield, whose friendly intercourse,
by the way, with the Establishment gave much offence to the infant Secession.
Another matter referred to is the position taken up by the dissenters against the
Government in the matter of the Porteous murder. The former refused to read
the Act referring to it from the pulpit, and to communicate with such as did.
Sir John is very indignant, and characterises this conduct as abominable.

To this letter, extending to seven quarto pages, Mr. Moncrieff seems to have
replied in such a spirit that Sir John, in the following month of July, dating from
Mavisbank, writes : ' Your open way of corresponding with me was so agree-
able that I fancy if we were more together I could get you to laugh at your
seceding scheme; ; but to get you to have a better opinion than you entertain of
our Church government at present is what I do not expect. 1 He again refers to
Mr. Whitefield : 1 I wish you would only imitate him in the main thing — to
wit, in a peaceable, charitable disposition.' At the same time he finds fault
with Whitefield for inducing men to neglect their business and 'goeagading
after conventicles as they doe at present,' and estimates the loss thus endangered
to the nation of one day's work in the week at eight millions of sixpences. He
has to confess to having passed by Culfargie's house on the last occasion of a
visit to Fife, disgusted apparently by the crowds of idle people whom he had
witnessed flocking to Abernethy on the Friday before the Sacrament. The rest
of the letter is taken up with the question of the Porteous Act and of the
Abolition of Patronage. 'Is it not an absurd thing,' he argues, 'that a tenant
.or servant who may be removed at a certain term should have a vote in choosing
a minister for life to his master? ' To him it seemed inconceivable that patron-
age should ever be abolished, and wrong to stir people up to wish for what they
cannot obtain. The tone of the letter is, on the whole, an irritable one, and
hardly consistent with the charity which he preaches. — M.

NOTE M, p. 115. Mavisbank.— The estate of Mavisbank, including the
mansion-house, was conveyed by Sir James Clerk, third Baronet, to Robert Clark
or Clerk (grandson of Dr. Robert Cierk, the youngest son of John Clerk, first
owner of Penicuik) in July 1763. In 1S15 his disponees sold it to Mr. Gramme
Mercer, from whose trustees it was acquired by the late George Clerk Arbuthnot,
merchant in Liverpool, in 1S42. The Crown Charter in his favour is dated 23d
January 1S43. By his trustees it was afterwards sold to the Messrs. Annandale,
who re-sold it in 1S76 to the Heritages Association, Limited, and by them in
1S76 it was disposed of to the present proprietors, the Mavisbank Company,
Limited, and the house is now used as an asylum. — M.

In its general effect of frontage Mavisbank House is much as the Baron left
it ; for the additions of recent date have been made quite independently as an
extension of the wing to our right, and the modern porch at the back does not
obtrude itself upon our notice. The two old projecting wings have charmingly
pitched concave Georgean roofs ; that of the central portion being convex.
The central block has a fine massive effect, with its bold pediment, its windows
enriched with carved fruit and leafage, and its sculptured decoration above the
main entrance, which is shaped like a classical altar and admirably designed,
and now shows armorial bearings.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

249

Above one of the windows appears the date 1724 ; and the front bears two
Latin inscriptions by the Baron. On one side is —

' HANC IN GREMIO RE50NANTIS SILVAE
AQUIS HORTIS AVIUM GARRITU
CAETERIS1" 0 RURIS HONORIBUS
UNDIQUE RENIDKNTEM VILLAM
NON MAGNIF1CAM NOX SUPERBAM
AT QUALEM VIDES.
COMMODAM MUNDAM GENIALEM
NATURJE PAREM SOCIANS ARTEM
SIBI SUISQUE.
AD VITAM PLACIDE
ET TRANQUILLE A GEN DAM
DESIGNAVIT INSTRUXITQUE

D
I C

jErarii Tribunus
M.DCC.XXIV.'

And on the other side appears the following: —

' PARVA DOMUS, NEMOROSA QUIE5, SIS TU QUOQUE NOSTRIS
HOSPITIUM LARIBUS, SUBSIDIUMQUE DIU,
POSTES FLORA TUOS ORNET, POMOXAQUE MEXSAS,
COXFERAT ET VAR1AS FERTILIS HORTUS OPES,
TE VOLUCRES PICT.E CIXGENTES VOCE CANORA,
RETIA SOLA CANAXT QUAE SIBIT TEXDIT AMOR,
FLORIFERI COLLES, DULCES MIHI S.EPE RECESSUS
DENT, ATQUE HOSPITIBUS GAUDIA PLENA MEIS.
CONCEDATQUE DEUS, NUNQUAM VEL SERO SENESCAS
SEROQUE TERRENAS EXPER1ARE VICES

INTEGRA REDDANTUR, QUAE PLVRIMA SAECULA RODAXT
DETUR ET UT SEXIO PULCHRIOR ENITEAS. '

Behind the house rises, in green abruptness, a trenched Roman camp, which
must have been dear to the Baron's reverently antiquarian soul.

Lower, to the left, beneath the slopes, is the large level space of the gardens,
enclosed with walls of mellow red brick, which have their own point of stately
classicism in the touches of rich carving on the stone pilasters of the entrance.
Venerable yew-trees make a duskier note of green against the grass, as they
gather round the ornamental pond, with its spouting Cupid of bronze ; and there
is a wide inner enclosure, where beyond the stretch of emerald sward we catch
sight of the classic shape and the embossed convex roof of the summer-house built
by the Baron, as appears by the date, 1731, with which it is inscribed.

NOTE N, pp. 130 and 135. Dumcriefr and Craigieburn.—Tht lands of Dum-
crieff (formerly spelt Drumcreich or Drumcrief), in the parish of Moffat and county
of Dumfries, belonged to a family of Murray from anterior to 1632 up to 1724, when
John Murray and Grizel Douglas, his spouse, conveyed to Lord George Douglas,
brother-german to Charles, Duke of Queensberry and Dover, who got a Crown
Charter in that year. The Duke was served heir in special to his brother, and
was infeft on a Precept from Chancer}- in 1726. On 29th November 1726 he

250

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

conveyed to Sir John Clerk of Pennycuik. In 1737 Sir John disponed the lands
to George Clerk, his second son, afterwards Sir George Clerk, who had a Crown
Charter in 175S. Sir George Clerk, by Disposition 17S2, registered in Books of
Council and Session 15th January 1783, in which he is designed George Clerk
Maxwell, Esq. of Dumcrieff, one of the Commissioners of His Majesty's Customs,
conveyed with consent of Mrs. Dorothea Clerk Maxwell, his spouse, inter alia,
these lands to Alexander Farquharson, accountant in Edinburgh, as trustee for
his creditors. Farquharson, as trustee, with consent of Sir George, disponed on
22d May 17S3 to Lieutenant-Col. Wm. Johnston, of the Royal Artillery. He,
on 1st March 1792, disponed to Dr. James Currie, physician in Liverpool, who
had a Crown Charter, dated 2d July in that year. Dr. James Currie's testamen-
tary trustees disponed in 1S06 to Dr. John Rogerson, who was succeeded in
the Dumcrieff Estate by his grandson, John Rogerson Rollo, now Lord Rollo
and Dunning, who had a Crown Charter 3d February 1S40, and is the present
proprietor of Dumcrieff and adjoining lands.

By Sasine dated 12th April and registered at Dumfries 6th May 1729, Sir Tohn
Clerk was infeft in the half of the lands of Craigieburn, purchased by him from
William Johnston, son of Archibald Johnston of Girthhead. The other half be-
longed to Archibald Tod, son of John Tod, in Craigbeck, who, with Archibald
Johnston, was heir-por:ioner of Robert Murray. By Contract of Division and
Disposition between Sir John Clerk and Thomas Tod, minister of the gospel at
Durrisaeer, dated 13th December 1733, the lands of Cra'gieburn or Cragyburn
were divide !, and the portion conveyed to Sir John Clerk became incorporated
with the Dumcrieff property.

NOTE O, pp. 142 and 152. Baron Clerk and the Restoration of Rosslyn C'napc: :
Date of its Foundation. — When Gale visited Scotland in the autumn of 1739
the Baron furnished him with ' Memorandums for travelling from Edinburgh to
Glasgow' (Nichols' Bibiiothcca Topographica Britannica — Rciiquicz Galcamc —
No. 2, Part in. pp. 320-2}. In Gale's letter to Maurice Johnston, dated ' Scruton,
iS Aug. 1739 : (ibid. pp. 323-6), he mentions that he was at Penicuik House, and
twice at Mavisbank ; and he further gives such particulars as enable us to add to
the list of the Baron's good deeds the preservation of Rosslyn Chapel, that richest
example of Gothic in Scotland. Gale writes :— ' We were twice at Mavisbank, four
miles to the south of Edenborough, built by Sir John Clerk, in a true Palladio
style, one of the most elegant I ever saw, for situation, wood, and water, though
the house is small. We went four miles farther to another seat of Sir John's,
that is called Pennycuick {Mons cuctcli), built in the ancient style, but not with-
out its natural beauties, particularly a vast pond or lake, with two islands in it,
and full of fish. In the way to it we saw Roslin-chapel, a most noble Gothic
structure, exceeded by few : founded, as appears by an inscription cut the whole
length of it over the windows, by William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Zetland,
a.d. 1453. It has laid open to the weather ever since the Reformation, but has
withstood all its effects, by the goodness of the materials, and the excellency
of its work to a miracle : however, the rain now penetrating through the roof,
which is vaulted with stone, would in a few years have dissolved it entirely,
had not that true lover of antiquities and all the liberal arts, Sir John Clerk,
persuaded the present Lord Sinclair to put k into compleat repair. The work-

ADDITIONAL NOTES

251

men have been upon it all this summer, and as Sir John has the whole direc-
tion of it, in a year more it will not be only secured from ruin, but be made
as beautiful and stately as most of that sort of edifices in the kingdom, though it
is like to be used as only a burying-place for that noble family of whom there
is only one tomb in it now, and that in the same wretched condition as the rest
of the fabric, which brings to my mind the forlorn state of Holyrood-house in
the palace of Edenborough, a most magnificent building, having been the east
end of the Abbey-church, the burying-place of their kings and nobility, but
now much like a dog-kennel, the .tombs laid open or destroyed, the whole full
of dirt and rubbish.' Among the Baron's papers are two sketches, evidently
made by him at the time when he was superintending the repairs at the
Chapel. They preserve the inscription along the top of the north clerestory
wall, which shows, on square compartments, between grotesque heads and
shields bearing the engrailed cross of the Sinclairs, the letters ' W. L. S. F. Y.
C. Y. Z. O. G. M. iiij. L.' In our own time, when the Chapei was restored by
the late Andrew Kerr, F.S.A. Scot., he also transcribed the inscription, and
engraved it in his account of the Chapel [P rocecdin^s of the Society of Antiquaries
of Scot., 14th May 1S77). It was then read by Dr. T. Dickson of the Register
House as standing for ' William Lorde Sinclaire Fundit Vis College Ye Zeir Of
God, M. iiij. L. (1450),' thus, apparently, settling the exact date of foundation.
The Baron's sketches and accompanying notes, however, are interesting not only
as showing that he had deciphered the beginning of the inscription as standing
for ' William, Lord Sinclair,' but also as preserving the fact that three other com-
partments follow those figured by Mr. Kerr, two of them showing shields bearing
the engrailed cross, with between them a square similar to the others that nre
inscribed with letters but with a blank surface, having possibly been originally in-
scribed with a continuation of the date. An examination of the Chapel wall shows
that this blank compartment still holds its place at the top of the clerestory walk
It should be noted that Gale — as quoted above— gives the date 1453 as that
appearing on the inscription : but it is curious that the Baron, in his transcript
of this inscription, gives the year as 1450, followed by a blank squaie.

NOTE P, p. 144. The Estate of Middiebie.— Dorothea Maxwell and
George Clerk were married in 1735 ; and in order to simplify their affairs
the baron obtained a decree of the Court of Session, followed by an Act of
Parliament, by which (notwithstanding the entail of 1722) Middiebie proper
was sold to liquidate the Maxwell debts, and was bought in for George Clerk,
whose title was thus freed from burdens, and, so far, from the conditions of the
entail. George Clerk Maxwell sold portions of Middiebie to various purchasers,
principally to the Duke of Queensberry, and the estate was thus reduced to
something like its present area. See Campbell and Garnet's Life of fames Clerk
Maxwell, p. 23.

The courtesy of Alexander Wedderburn Maxwell of Middiebie has supplied us
with the following facts about that estate. It was a possession of the Lord
Maxwells, and was bestowed by Robert, tenth lord, to John Maxwell, his half-
brother. From him it went by direct descent to his great-granddaughter Agnes,
who married William Clerk. Their daughter, an heiress, Dorothea, married her
cousin George Clerk, afterwards third baronet. The property was entailed in 1722,

252

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

and under the deed an)' heir adopting another title than that of Maxwell of
Middlebie was declared to forfeit the right to succeed. When the late Sir
George Clerk was served heir to Penicuik, his younger brother, taking the name
of Clerk Maxwell, was served heir to Middlebie. Upon the death of his son,
Professor James Clerk Maxwell, without issue, the estate went to the present
proprietor through his mother, Isabella Clerk, wife of James Wedderburn. — M.

NOTE Q, p. 145. Letter from the Baron mhen sending Patrick and Henry
to School. — Among the Clerk papers is a copy in the Baron's autograph of
'A Letter by me to Mr. Lesley, schoolmaster of Haddington, 30th October
1730, when my sons Patrick and Henry were sent to him : ' —

' Sir, — I send you two of my sones, and committ them to God and your
care.

' I have no particular thing to recommend save one on which all parents
ought to joyn with me, that is, that our boys should be brought up in the old
Greek and Roman way, in the constant exercise of Eloquence. This sort of
Education fitted all their youth to the management of their sacred and civil
concerns. The jesuits abroad, who understand the education of youth to a very
great nicety, bring up their boys in this way.

' I approved much of your methode to make your boys once a year act a play
in publick. This gave them a decent behaviour and seem'd to prepare them for
the business of the world, but if this has been found troublesome or expensive, I
would earnestly recommend to you that once a week you wou'd cause one or
more of your boys pronounce in English from a pulpet in the most publick
manner you can think of. This exercise will fit them either for the pulpet or
the barr and doe much honour to your school. You will find abundance of
speeches ready made to your hand in Quintillian's declamations in English will
furnish you with severals. I disapprove of speeches in Latine, and so do the]
best judges in the education of youth abroad. Those who can speak in English
will always be able to declame in Latine when there is any occasion for it,
especially if they be any way conversant in Cicero and Quintilian.

'As to their diet, I have likewaysbut one thing to recommend to you, that is,
that your boys at every mail should at least accustom themselves to one glass
of water. They are very unhappily bred who cannot at all times satisfy their
thirst with water : " ApicrTov fxh vowp, as Pindar begins his book.

' I send 8 lib. stg. as their first quarter's board, the rest and other dues of the
School shaii be sent to you when you please, &c. — I am, &c, T. C

Allan Ramsay wrote ' A Prologue before the Acting of Aurengzebe at Had-
dington School,' in 1727, concluding —

' " Get seven score verse of Ovid's Trist by heart,
To rattle o'er, else I shall make ye smart,"
Cry snarling dominies that little ken ;
Such may teach parrots, but our Lesly men.'

In a note the poet refers to the teacher as ' Mr. John Lesly, master of the school
of Haddington ; a gentleman of true learning, who, by his excellent method,
most worthily fills his place.'

ADDITIONAL NOTES

253

NOTE R, p. 160. Scheme for Improvement of the Barony of Penicuik. —
Among the Clerk Papers is a MS. of fifty-six folio pages, in the Baron's hand-
writing, titled 'Scheme of Improvements in the Baronie of Penicuik and in the
Lands of Lauhead, Utershill, and Montlothian, belonging to me, S.J. C, Penni-
cuik, 12 May 1741 : ' — ' That which induces me to give this Schem of Improve-
ments is a persuasion that if any of my Posterity make money it will be better
laying it out in improving the ground they are in possession of than in buying
more Lands. ... I know very little ground in the Lothians so cheap set and
so improvable as the Baronie of Pennicuik, for I dare say that if it was mea-
sured it would be found that I do not receive for it above two shill. ster., or
half a crown at most, the Aicre ; the rent being at this time very little above
500 lib. ster. It is true that for some Aicres I receive 10 or 12, 15 or 20
shillings stg. : but for others I do not receive 6 pence. As to the best methode
of making Hedges and ditches, I have said enough in a paper by itself. Several
people have various ways, but I mention only such as seem to me to have
answered best in this High, cold ground, which must be at least 150 fathoms
above the level of the sea at Lieth or Musselburgh.' He enters minutely into all
improvements desirable in the various ' rooms ' 1 of the Barony, viz. : — ' Cooking,'
' The Touer,' • Coats,' ' Lukenhouses,' ' Carsewell,' ' Silverburn,' ' Satir's Syke,'
' Brunstane,' ' Wallstone,' ' Concraig,' 'Loan Stane,' 'Rhodes,' 'Pomathorn,'
1 Puttingstane Law,' ' Clickhim or Noble Hall,' ' Utershill,' ' Halls,' ' Fahills,'
'Montlothian Grounds,' ' Herberstain,' 'Montlothian Mains South,' 'Easter
Ravensnook,' ' Wester Ravensnook/ 2 ' Dyknook,' ' Hurley,' ' Brunstane Rigg,'
' Achencorth.' 3 Upon the 'room' of Cooking he remarks that he enclosed a
portion of the land ' with Hedges and ditches, I think about 80 Aicres in all, and
made an advance of my rent. I lost by markets when I kept this Room in my
own hands, and when I let it I was oblidged to take one of our own young
bungling, disorderly, county fellowes for a Tenant, James Willsone, who was
never bred to know any thing about the improvement of ground by inclosures,
and thus it happens that the Hedges there are neglected and will go to ruin
unless the Genius of the Tenant improve. By calling so much ground into one
man's hand, I thought he might live better and pay his rent better, but I now
find by experience, from several observations I have made in the Duke of
Queensberry's lands, as well as my own, that small Tenants near a Royal Burgh
Town or near Coal, pay their rents best. I obtained this likeways at Moffat, in
my own Lands of Drumcrief, which I have now oiven to my son George. When

1 1 Rowm, a possession, or portion of land ; whether occupied by the proprietor or by a tenant.
— Jamieson's Scot. Dictionary (ed. of i332>. Room is still commonly used for a farm.

'- ' I have seen Ravensnook Tower 40 or 50 feet high, and it was against my inclination that
it was pulled down ; but as my father, who wanted stones for the park dyke, found here the
readiest provision, I submitted. The touer of Pennicuik was pulled down on the same
account, but if I had stones in readiness I would repair them both. Old houses and Touers
are, I think, the Honour and pride of a Country.'

3 ' As goats have commonly been kept on Achencorth, I have several times thought that if
an Active diligent Farmer would build Goat Milk Huts or small Houses near a Spring which is
on the East side of Achencorth houses on the side of a glen or within 50 paces of the fine
stone Quarry, he might have abundance of business from Edinr. in the summer-time.'— See
note !, p. 116. As the reader will have noticed, the Baron makes frequent reference to
expeditions to the Highlands and to Northumberland for the benefit of the goat whey. The
custom continued long after the Baron's time. Ramsay of Ochtertyre mentions (Scotland and
Scotsmen, i. 31, notes) that ' In the summer of 1770 I was at the goat-whey in Rannoch.'

254

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

these were in the hands of 5 or 6 little Tenants there was more rent paid and
much better than when they were brought into one or two Farms. Small
Tenants have other methods to live by than their lands, for these they make
only a help to them. However, there is a vast distinction to be made in
countries which abound in wood, or are near Sea Ports where forraigne timber
may be easily got, and countries where there is a scarsity of these conveniences,
for when timber abounds Houses can be made and kept up at a small expense,
whereas a multitude of houses is never to be thought of where Timber is expen-
sive in itself or difficult in its carriage.'

He also draws up a scheme of improvements for the mansion, gardens, and
policies of Penicuik. ' The House, which I think should have been called
by any other name than Pennicuik House or Newbiging, might be made
more commodious and handsome. I had done this, but the Roof and other
parts of it were too new and entire to be taken down, and therefor I built
and embelished Mavisbank between 1723 and 1746 more than was absolutely
necessary. However, if Pennicuik House wants hereafter to be taken down
as defective in either Roof or walls, but I hope not till then, it will be
necessary to make a double house fronting the East with one very large
Room in it to fill up the whole length of the present closs. A Family House
without one Large Room in it is, in my opinion, very- defective and ridiculouse.'
He further sketches a plan and elevation of a library which he intended to have
built by the side of the long walk on the south side of the large pond to the
north-west of the house ; an elevation of the ' Gothick touer ' which in 174S-50 he
erected on the Knight's Law ; and various other proposed embellishment : and he
is careful to add : < 'Tis a beuty to see things natural and at little or no expense.
All expensive ornaments about gentlemen's houses are so shocking that those who
see them commonly bless themselves that they do not beiong°to them. The
reparation or new modelings of the house of Pennicuik, with the Library above I
sketched, are never to be attempted but with a superfluity of money ; ' 'and he
concludes the 'schem' by again advising caution :—< What I have mentioned
above are, so far as I know, the best ways of improving the Estate of Pennicuik
and for preserving it to posterity. I have no better prescription than for the
possessor who lives in Pennicuik House to take care not to "do anything, even
in the way of improvement, upon borrowed money : let him always have'ready
cash before he attempts any thing,' etc.

Under date of June 1742, he notes that he has revised the MS., ' and altered a
few things, but in general I am still of opinion that my proposals are right, one
particularly by which I advise the planting all the Barren, steep, whinny
Hathery braes with Timber, and with oak in particular.' He had previously
remarked that ' warmness and shelter at Pennicuik is chiefly what is wanted.' '.
He now adds :— < Nota.— Under the improvement of the Baronie of Pennicuik
I cannot but recommend the Improvement of the Town of Pennicuik. I have
done something this way by building a Court-house to serve likeways for a good
Inn, and likeways a House for a Linnen Weaver, 1 but the chief improvement
ought to be by Manufactories of all kinds, and, amongst the rest, care should be j
taken to introduce serge manufactories, now about Stirling, by transplanting
journey Men or getting some of our young Lads bred to°the Trade at St.

1 Doubtless in connection with the schemes of the Board of Manufactures.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

255

Ringans near that place. Such woolen manufactories might thrive at Pennicuik,
because the coarse wool, of which so much is wrought up at the above-named
places, comes from the Southern shires, Peebles, Selkirk, or the Forrest,
Tweedale, and others. Build the houses at Pennicuik regularly, and at least of
2 stories or rather 3.' On the final page is a later note, stating that in 1743 he
bought Harlawmuir from the Trustees of John Forbes of Newhall, and in the
same year found a seam of coal ' upon the west brae about 200 Elles from the
houses.' ' My reasons for not working it were two : first, I was unwilling that
it should be said that I purchased the lands with a view to the coal ; next. I had
a view of getting a confirmation of my purchase from young Mr. Forbes, who
was to be Major 2 years hence, viz.. in 1745, but this I could not expect in case
the coal had proven good, and for removing all objections I was resolved to
have made a present to the young gentleman of 20 or 30 guineas.' Next he
notes that on 20th October 1744 he discovered another coal-seam ' to the west-
ward of the glen which makes the March between the Lands of Auchincorth
and Harlaw moor ; ' and finally, he states : ' I see now that there are above
a dussan of coal seams of one kind or another in Harlaw moor ground.'

NOTE S, p. 218. Memoirs of a Goat Whzy Campaign at Lasers in 1749. —
An unpublished manuscript in the Baron's handwriting. — The House of Lauers
belongs to the sone 1 of the deceased General Campbel,- unckie to the present
Earl of Loudon.

The s d . son of the General takes the surname of Muir from his Mother, who
was Heiress of Rouallan, the family from whom all the prince; in Europe are
depended, by the Marriage of Rob*, the 2 of Scotland to Eliz. Muir. About this
marriage many disputes have hapned, see the dissertations of Mr. Rudiman and
Mr. Logan, a Minister in Ed. 3

came to Lauers on the Recommendation of Mr. Patrick Boyie, Lord Seual-
ton, unckie to the proprietor, Captain Muir.

The company consisted of myself, my wife, my daughters Ann and Bettie, my
son James, and Brother Hugh Clerk.

We came there on the 29 of Aprile and found a very kind reception by Mr
Campbel the chamberlain and the House keeper on L d . Sewalton's account.

Our Quarters were very fine, for the House is 120 feet in front, and very well
finished.

We began to drink the whey on the 2 d of May, but it did no: agree with my
stomach at first. It was very scarse because there were few Goats ready for
milking.

1 See note -, page 21S. See note E . page 21:.

" The Rev. Dr. George Logan'* Treatise 01: Gtn-ernmeut : showing that the right oj the
A7«r-v of Scotland to the Crown was not strictly and absolutely hereditary : against the Earl
of Cromarty, Sir George Mackenzie, Mr. John Sage, and Mr. Thomas Ruddimau, Svo,
Edinr. 1746: and his Second Treatise or. Government . ■ ■■ 8vo, Edin. 1747: and Tnomas
Ktiddiman's Answer to Mr. Logan's Treatise or. Government ■ ■ ■■ 8vo, Edin. 1747: and his
Dissertation concerning the competition for the Crottm of Scotland betwixt Lord Robert
Bruce and Lord John Balliol in the year 1291 . . •■ ivo. Edin. 174^-
See note page 222.

256

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

The Chamberlain furnished us with good Corn and Hay for our Horses. Our
diversions were fishing and Hare hunting.
The Water of Earn yielded the first in sufficient plenty.

The Salmon were very good and the Trouts excellent, all red in the flesh, but
not many ; they were generally between 14 and 18 inches long.

I had a fishing-Rod there, but did little good with it, for I knew not the right
streams, but at last found that one above Lauers about half a mile never
wanted Salmon, for at one draught we got 4 or 5, tho we had a bad net, besides
Trouts.

There is another fine stream under the foord to Strouan where there are trees
growing along the water side, on the south side of the River.

There is a 3d stream under the kirk and boat of Strouan, which is excellent
for the Rod.

We went always to the Kirk of Comry on Sundays, but Achtertyre 1 is the
parish kirk.

The way we took to Lauers was by Lithgow, Falkirk, Stirling, Dumblain, and
so by the great Highland road to Crief, from whence Lauers lay 3 miles to the
westward.

The Gentlemen's seats I visited were not many, but I saw some of them at a
distance.

I was one day invited by Lord Monzie 2 to his House of Monzie. This is a
warm low seat near the great High Road. My Lord was a great Encourager
of the Linnen Manufactories, and by his example I found that the country
people had made a very great progress, for most of their Rents, especially on
the great Estate of Drummond, are paid by the produce of their Linen Manu-
factories.

Another day he and I visited his Lint Mill about a mile under Loch Earn. It
was then building and promised well.

This Lord has a considerable Estate in this country, made for the most by
himself.

He carried me one day to see the design and stance of a House for a publick
Library at the kirk of . a

1 Ochtertyre.

- Patrick, second son of Colin Campbell, of Monzie, was retoured heir to his brother Duncan
in 1706. He was admitted advocate in 1709, and raised to the bench, as Lord Monzie, in 1729 ;
and was one of the original Commissioners of the Board of Trustees for Improving Fisheries and
Manufactures in Scotland, constituted in 1727. He died in 1751, aged seventy-six.

;: Blank in the MS. here.

The Library of Innerpeffray was left as a family endowment. In 1691 David Drummond,
third Lord Madertie, left his library and a sum of money for maintaining the Library and a School
for the benefit of Innerpeffray and surrounding district. In 1696 his nephew and heir William
Drummond, second Lord Strathallan, made the annual rent of this money chargeable on the
estate of Innerpeffray, — ' Provided always that I and my heirs and successors in the lands and
barony of Innerpeffray shall be sole and undoubted patrons in presenting the Library keeper
and Schoolmaster in all time coming,' ... 'as a'so reserving full power ... to determine
what part of the annual rent shall be applied for building a new house for containing the afore-
said Library, etc. Lord Madertie erected a house for a library beside the chapel of Innerpeffray,
and afterwards a room in the said chapel (kirk) was used for the same purpose. In 1739 the
Hon. Robert Hay Drummond. afterwards Archbishop of York, succeeded to the estate of
Innerpeffray. He decided to build a new house, the present library, which was erected between
the years 1747 and 1751. Pennant (Tour in Scot., vol. iii.) mentions having visited the library

ADDITIONAL NOTES

257

The situation is very pleasant, but the fund small ; it was left by

From thence I saw his land improvements on the great Moor of Crief which
may in time turn to great account, the soile being very capable of meliorations.
We dined that day at Monzie and saw his Lordships Library, where are many
good books. Amongst other Excursions I went one day to the fishing at
Loch ,- about 4 miles from Lauers. I saw nothing by the way but a bad

mountanous country and vilianous road. We should have catched trouts at
this Loch by the Rod, but had very bad sport and saw much snow.

In the afternoon I and some of my company return'd by Achtertire 0 and saw
the Enclosures. The situation of this House is very high, but the Loch below it
and the woods make it a very agreable place. It belongs to Sir Patrick Murry. 4

I was once and again at Crief, which is a miserable village. The Houses lie
scattered about in it, and the trees which once embellished it were cut clown
by the Hessian troops, at the Rebellion in 1745. Want of hre made this a
necessary evil.

I saw the Castle of Drummond at a distance as I have done on former occa-
sions. The House is very great, and the plantations of Fir and other trees very
numerous.

A'.B. — It is now a Question whether it be forfeited by the Rebellion in 1745,
or will belong to the protestant Heir, for the late proprietor, the Duke of Perth,
as he was called, was in the Rebellion, but died before the Attainder in Tuly
1 746. 5

I was to see Loch Earn, but had little fishing upon it. I found that the ground
about it was very wild and full of Mountains.

My son and Brother made a Touer on foot along by the side of this Loch and
from the head of it they went over to the head of Loch Tay, which they reported
to be no bad way, and that the people on the side of Loch Tay were very numerous
and dealt a great deal in the Linnen Manufactories.

These people belong to the family of Bredalban and live for the most pan on
these lands which were inhabited by the antient Caiedonii. A good manv of
them have red Hair as they were described by Tacitus in Vita Agricoicz.

From Loch Tay runs the River of Tay, which enters the sea at Dundee.

I was one day at Arbruchill, which belongs to Sir James Campbel. 6 The

in 1772, 'when books were still being added.' When the late Hon. Robert Hay Drummond
succeeded to the estate of Innerpeffray in 1852. and his brother, the Hon. A. Hay Drummond.
the present proprietor, in 1855, many new books were added, and a large number of the old ones
repaired and re-bound. Books are still lent out, and the library is visited by parties from
all quarters, upwards of 500 names being entered in the visitors' book during the past twelve
months. It now contains about 2700 volumes.
1 Blank in the MS. See preceding note.

" There is a blank in the Ms. here. Probably Loch Turret is meant.

3 Ochtertyre.

4 Sir Patrick Murray, fourth Baronet of Ochtertyre. succeeded his father in 1739.. and died
1764.

5 The Court of Session and House of Lord> pronounced the estate of Perth forfeited to the
Crown ; and it remained forfeited till 1785, when James Drummond, lineai descendant of John,
Earl of Melford, in virtue of an Act of Parliament passed in the previous year, obtained from
the Crown a grant of the estate. See Douglas's Peerage, vol. ii. p. 366 (ed. of 1S13).

(; Sir James CampbeK. second Baronet of Aberuchili. eldest son of Sir Colin Campbell and his
second wife, Catherine, daughter of Sir John Mackenzie of Tarbet, succeeded his father in 1704.
and died about 1754.

258

SIR JOHN CLERICS MEMOIRS

House is bad, but the Grounds about it very pleasant. Here grew a Walnut
Tree, lately cut down, which sold at 45 lib. ster. I saw several large Trees here,
and amongst others an Ash of about 7 feet in diameter with 32 crows nests on it.

I was once here in 1723 for the Goat whey, which is excellent. At Lauers
the Whey is no less excellent, for the Goats feed in large woods where they have
abundance of fine Herbs, particularly the Capilli Veneris, Wild Garlick, etc.,
but I observed that their chief food is the tops of young Oak.

One day I made an Excursion to the great Forrest belonging to the family of
Perth called Glen *. It is about 5 miles from Lauers. Here we saw some
flocks of Deer of the great red kind, but they keept the high grounds, so we had
no great satisfaction in the visite we made them but to see a very high, wild
country on both sides of a narrow Glen.

At night by fasting and afterwards a very great mail I turn'd very sick and
with faintings vomited much, but this was over by next day. Laics Deo!

On the 29 of May I began my journey homewards by the way I came, only
that I keept on the side of Strouan till I came on the great high road to Stirling.
I came next day to Edin. before dinner.

The curiosities I saw in my stay at Lauers and by the way were chiefly two :
the great Roman Camp 2 at a place south of Comry described by Mr. Gordon
in ins Itinerarium Septentrionale.

The other was the camp of Ardoch, :i which I had seen once before, and this last
is pretty strong and I doubt not but Agricola's Army had been encamped here.
The ditches are large about the prcetorium and there is a square place in the middle
where I believe they have had a Temple, for there was a chapel built here, and
the ground about serves still for a burrial place to the country people. There
was once a stone with an Inscription on it found here, which is now in the Castle
of Drummond. The Inscription is Diis Multibus Ammonias Damionis centurio
cohortis prima: Hispanorum stipcndiorum viginti sept em heredes FC, that is,
faciendum curarunt. See Horsley's Britannia Romana, page 192 and page 205.

N.B. — Our Forefathers used to say that Scotland had 6 Knights to defend it
from its Ennemies

viz

Sir Moor, Sir Moss, S r . Mountain,
Sir Hunger, Sir Cold, Sir Dunt on.

NOTE T, p. 223. The Scottish Cotirt of Exchequer and the Forfeited Estates.
— The Court of Exchequer was in a special sense the court of the Crown,
having charge of all matters relating to the revenue and the rent and casualties
due to the sovereign as owner of Crown lands or as feudal superior. Persons
employed in collecting the revenue were under this court, and were subject to
penalties imposed by it in the event of failure of duty or contempt of its jurisdic-
tion. The duties relating to the revenue were transferred by 3 and 4 William
IV.. c. 13, to the Treasury. Certain deeds relating to Crown holdings were

1 Probably Glenartney. See page 21S, note 4 .

- The name omitted here seems to be the Stracaeth Camp, near Innerpeffray. See Gordon's
Itinerarium, p. 42, where this camp is figured.
3 See page 219, note l .

ADDITIONAL NOTES

259

granted by the Barons of Exchequer as the King's Commissioners, although the
effect of such deeds could only be determined in the Court of Session. Various
nice questions relating to the jurisdiction of these two courts have arisen. It
has been found competent, for example, to interdict in the Court of Session
the granting of a deed in Exchequer — while a declarator of immunity from
taxes was held incompetent in the former court. Nor could a charge for Crown
feu-duties be suspended by Court of Session judges.

The rebellions of 1715 and 1745 must have had the result of bringing a good deal
of work into the Court of Exchequer in the shape of the recover}- and administra-
tion of estates belonging to rebels and the granting of gifts of escheat, etc.
Baron Clerk seems to have been most industrious as a judge of this court, and
numerous papers relating to the powers and duties of his office, apparently
drawn up by him, are still preserved. One which may perhaps be classed with
these is entitled, ' Memorial concerning the Forfeited Estates of Scotland,' and
is dated 1747. In this paper he criticises unfavourably the rules which had been
laid down by statute for the management and sale of these lands. He expected
a very small profit to be available to the Crown, because, in the first place, of
the privileges conferred upon the superiors, and the tenants of the rebels.
Superiors and tenants alike had only combined to benefit the rebel and his
family. He objects also to the appointment of connections of the rebel as
factors. Such persons seemed to him only capable of deceiving and conceal-
ing to the prejudice of the Crown. He therefore advocates the appointment of
a different class of factors, for whom, however, he does not anticipate a plea-
sant life. For he admits that in the case of the Highland forfeitures the attach-
ment of the inhabitants 'to the family of the forfeiting person which they
consider as their Sovereign, their God, and their All, joined with their
savage dispositions,' might endanger the factor's person and property. Nor
could these unfortunate men expect any assistance from their neighbours, it being
a maxim among the Highlanders not to engage in a quarrel with one another
except for their own sakes. But civil and military power were to do their
utmost to protect them. He seems to have rightly recognised one of the causes
of Highland destitution when he says, ; The smallness of the possessions and the
precarious tenure under which they are held is one principal cause of the poverty,
the slavery, and the consequent barbarity of these parts.' Accordingly, he sug-
gests that factors should be prohibited from granting leases under a certain rent
and a certain endurance. — M.

BARON SCROPE.
See pp. 71. 227.

As the last pages of this volume were going to press. I received from
Mr. G. L. Ryder of the Treasury some information regarding Baron Scrope,
'one of our most distinguished Secretaries,' the result of a careful search by
Mr. J. J. Cartwright in the Public Record Office. John Scrope appears to
have been born in 1662, for in his evidence before the Commission of Inquiry
into Secret Service Expenditure in 1742. he mentioned that he was then eighty
years old. lie was appointed ' one of the Secretary-; to the Commissioners of
Our Treasury, or High Treasurer for the time being' previous to 20th May
1724. as appears from a warrant of that date in the 7'rcasnry Records : Entries

260

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

for North Britain, vol. vii. p. 161, in which it is stated that he had been appointed
a Baron of the Court of Exchequer in Scotland 1 with a salary of ,£500 per
annum as Baron, and ^1000 per annum in consideration of his having left his
Practice at the Barr in England,' and that, though he had surrendered his
office of Baron, the latter sum of ^1000 per annum 'shall continue to be paid
to the said John Scrope or his Assigns from the time the same was last paid,
Quarterly from time to time in like manner as the same should and ought to
have been paid in case he had continued in the said office of Baron, and no such
Surrender had been made.' His predecessor in the Secretaryship was William
Lowndes; and, from entries in the Treasury Fee Book, 1723-24, it would appear
that the exact date of Scrope's appointment was 21st January 1724. Scrope
died in 1752, at the age of ninety ; his tenure of office having ended, as is indi-
cated by the Treasury Fee Book, on 21st April 1752, when he was succeeded
by Mr. Harding.

INDEX

Aberdeen, 152, 198.

earl of, 130 and 7i, 152.

Abernethy, 108.

Accounts and debts of the nation, in-
quiry into, xiii, 49, 50, 53, 55.

Achencorth. See Auchencorth.

Achterarder. See Auchterarder.

Achtertyre. See Ochtertyre.

'Act of security,' 49, 53 and n, 242.

Adam, Susan, 115 n.

William, architect, 1 1 5 and 11.

Aelst, Pieter van, 129 n.

Aikman, William, of Cairny, 42 n.

portrait painter, xii, 37

42 n, Jon, 130;;, 229 71.

Ainsley, sergeant, 95.

William, chaplain to baron Clerk.

84, 85 w, 167.

Aire. See Ayr.

Aiselbee, John, 14S and n.

Aix-la-Chapelle, treaty of, 1637;, 169;;,
216 and 71, 217.

Alnwick, 69.

Amboglanna, camp of, 1 18 n.
Amesbuiy, 129 and 71, 210 n.
Amsterdam, 35.
Ancona, 24.
Anjou, duke of, 33.
Annan (Anan), 72. 154.
Annandale, marquis of, 59 71.
Anne, queen, xv, 44, 49, 53, 60, 62,

63, 67, 68, 71, 72, 79, 8i.

of Russia's ice palace, 149 71.

Antiquaries of Scotland, society of,

museum of, 133 71.

of London, society of, 122, 126.

Antwerp. 34.

Apple (aple) tea, 77.

Appleby, 141.

Arbruchill, 257.

Arbuthnot, George, clerk, 248.

Arbuthnott, Alexander, assumes the

name of Maiiland, q.v.

Robert, viscount, 71 71.

Ardoch, Roman camp at, 219 and ;/.

25S.

Areskin. Sec Erskine.

Argyle, duke of, xiii, xiv, 55 and 11,

58, 90, 92, 130, 15S, 1S1.
Armorial bearings of the Clerks, 5 >i ;

of Pennycuick of that ilk, 236.
Armstrong, captain, aide-de-camp to

the duke of Argyle, 02.
Arthur, Warwick, 6S 11.

Dr. William, S5 and ;z, 120 71.

Arthur's O'on, xxv, xxvi.
Arundel, Thomas, earl of, 129 71.
Athole, duke of, 181 and 71.
Atkinson, a surgeon, 9S 71.
Auchencorth (Achencorth), 116 and

253 and 72.
Auchterarder (Achterarder), burned by

order of the Pretender, 93 and 11.
Augsburg, 20.

Augusta, daughter of Frederick II.,

duke of Saxe-Gotha, 226 71.
Auld Claughan, 107.
Avignon, 33.
Ayr (Aire), 55.

Bairu, sir Robert, of Saughton

hall, 51 71.
Balcarres, Colin, earl of. 50 and 71.
Balmerino, lord, 20S.
Balquhidder, 216
Banff, 151.

' Bangorian controversy," So 71.
Bankton house, 185
Barcelona, 32.
Bargany, Anne, 96 ;:.

John, 96 71.

Barnet, 67.

commodore, 1 7 1, 203 and n.

Baron courts, 240-242.

Barons of exchequer in Scotland, 70-

71 and 71.
Barrel's regiment, 201 and 7:.
Bath, 76, 213.

earl of. See Pulteney, William.

Bavaria, 171-
Bawtry, 231.

Baynton, sir Edward, 156 «.
Beaton, cardinal, house of. 246.
Bedford, John, duke of, 190 and 71.

264

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Bedford, Wriothesley, duke of, 2S I

and n, 31.
Belleisie, 176.

marshal, 206 //.

Benson, chancellor of the exchequer, I

102 «.
Benwell, 1 iS and /;.
Bergen, 201.

castle, 202 ;;.

op-Zoom. 207, 20S a.

Berry, duke of, 33.
Berwick, 67, 1S5. 191.

duke of, 16S.

Bethun, Jacobus, 14 n.
Biiston burn, 115 and

park, 146.

Birritfoord, 1 1 5.
Biackfriars' Wynd, 71 n, 77.
Blair of Athole, 151, 1S0, 196.
Blair cattle, 199.

Blakeney, general, governor of Stirling

castle. 196 and n.
Blattumbulgium, 154 and n.
Boerhaave, Hermann, xi, 16 n, 17 and
_ «, 24, 35, 216. 236.
Bohemia, 169 n, 170-172.
Bolingbroke, lore, xvii, 72 n, So

102
Bologna, 24.
Bonhili,

155 £ind 171*

Borcovicus, a Roman camp at House-
steads, 1 iS n.

Boroughmuir, 6 1:.

Borrowbridge, 141.

Bothwell, Alexander, of Glencorse,
132, 141 and ;:.

Henry, of Giencorse, 141 and n.

Botta, marquis of. 206 n.

Bougton, Jessop, 6S n.

Bovd. Robert, lord. ^1 71.

— - William, 6S n. :

Boyle, lady Jane. 21S

Patrick", of Shewaiton, 146 and I

223, 255.

Richard. See Burlington, earl ;

of.

Braco, baron, of Kilbride, 151 ;;.
Bradfute, Mrs., 135.

rev. James, 135 n.

Braehead mains, 247.

Braid hills (Bred? craigs), 183, 184.

Brechin (Brichen). 152, 196,243.

Bredfoot. See Bradfute.

Brest, 168, 169.

Brett, captain, 176.

Brigantia, statue of, 138, 139 166, j

210 ;:.
Brighouse, 231.
Bristol, 76.

Brodic, Alexander, of Innes, 235.

Broughton estate, 17S

Brown, miss, 188.

Brown, a surgeon, 9S n.

Brown, Andrew, of Dolphington, 107

and ;/, 1 1 7.
Bruce, sir Michael, of Stonehouse,

xxv, xxvi.
Brughlee. See Burghlee.
Brunstane, 6 and 11, 116, 150, 253.
Brussels, 34.
Brust, 149.

Buckingham, duke of, 122 and 11.
Buckstone, the, 6.
Buldsdean burn. See Biiston burn.
Bulness, 154.
Burghlee farm, 115 and
Burgundy, duke of, 33.
Burlington, earl of, 124 and n, 125,
142.

Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury,
128 and n.

CADOGAN, lord, 160 ;;.

Cairnhill, 6 and 11, 137.

Cairnmuir, Barbara Glerk, lady, 120.

Cairny, lady, 42 and ;:.

Caithness, 199.

Callander house, 193 «.

Cambrey, 34.

Cambridge, 99.

Cameron, estate of, 155 ;;.

Donald, of Lochiel. joins the

Pretender, 177 and n.

Cameronians, character of the, 54.

Cammo, S, 78, 84, 85, 96. 9S, 99,
105, 106, in, 112, 113,116,232;
history of, 246, 247.

Campbell, Mr., teacher of mathema-
tics in Edinburgh university, 99
and 71.

lord Archibald, 56 and

Colin, 51 and

general sir James, of Lawers,

218 and 255.
sir James, of Arbruchill, 257

and 71.

James Mure, of Lawers, 218

and ;;, 255.

John, of Woodside. 51

lady Susanna, 245.

Campvere (Camphire), 13.
Cannall. See Channelkirk .
Cape Breton, evacuation of, 217 and
Caprara, monsignor, xii, 27 and
Capri, signior, mathematician, 34.
Cardney, bishop, 246.
Cardross, 155.

Carlisle (Carlyle), 76, 91, 119, 141,

M3< J49. I53> 1S7, 190, 192, 193.
Charles, earl of, 119 and w.

INDEX

c 265

Carlos III. of Spain, 172 and n.
Carmathia, 23.

Carmichael, James, W.S., 222 and »,
224.

Carnegie, lord, 107 and 112 n.

George. See Northesk, earl of.

Carnwath, Robert, earl of, joins the

rebels, 91 and n.
Carolina, 225.
Carp, breeding of, 219.
Carpenter, general George. 91 and n.
Carsewell, 253.

Carteret, lord, secretary of state, 124
and n, 156 «, 158. 160;:, 173.

Carthagena, siege of, 161, 162, 163,
203.

Cathcart, lord, 158, 159, 161 and n,

162, 218.
Caulfield's regiment, 193 n.
Caus, Solomon de, architect, 12S n.
Cavendish, William. ^-Devonshire,

duke of.

Cedrenus, George, a Byzantine writer,

130 and n.
Ceisus, Aurelius Cornelius, 220 and n,

229, 238.
Channelkirk, 185, 186.
Chaprigni, monsignor, 27.
Charles I., 129.

Charles vi., emperor of Germany, 22

and n, 163 and n.
Charles, duke of Lorraine, 22 n, 170

and «, tfi.
Charles Albert, elector of Bavaria,

163 n, 169 11, 172 and it.
Charles Emmanuel I., king of Sar-
dinia, 173 and n, 206 and it.
Charteris, colonel, of Amisfield, 155 11.
Chartres, Laurence, 140-143.
Chippenham election, 156 n.
Chiswick house, 125 and ;:.
Cholmondeley, brigadier. 193 n.
Christina, queen of Sweden, 2S n.
Church of England and the treaty of

union, 65.
Clanranald. See Macdonald.
Clarendon, Henry, earl of, 130;/.
Cleghorn, Elizabeth. 75 it.

rev. John, 75 n.

Clerk, Adam, son of baron Clerk, 146

and n, 225, 227, 229.
Ann, daughter of baron Clerk,

7S and n, 143, 229, 255.
Barbara, daughter of baron Clerk,

120 and n, 188.
father Cosimo, 24 and n, 26, 29,

3°-

Dorothea, daughter of William

Clerk, advocate. 114, 134- H4> 2 5--
Dougal, of Braleckar., 171.

Clerk, Elizabeth, daughter of baron
Clerk, 85 and 11, 145, 203, 217, 255.

George, son of baron Clerk, xix,

5 11, 96 and 11, 134, 138 and 11, 139,
143-146, 151-154, 167, 192, 204;/,
206, 209-210, 223, 229, 231, 250,
251, 253.

Henry, brother of baron Clerk,

45 and 86.
son of baron Clerk, xxviii,

45, 78 and 11, 85, 98 11, i45> 1 59,

161, 163, 170, 194, 203, 252.
Hugh, brother of baron Clerk,

222 and 11, 255.
James, 240.

brother of baron Clerk, 10 11,

in.

son of baron Clerk, xix, 7

75 and 11, 85, 86, 96 11, 117, 138,

14311, 145, 146, 154, i 6 3, 192, 195.

210, 225, 228, 229 11, 246, 255.
Tean, daughter of baron Clerk,

96 and 11, 155, 171, 174-
Jennet, daughter of baron Clerk,

133, 217, 218, '220, 222 and;*, 229.
Joanna, daughter of baron Clerk,

116, 193 and 11.

John, of Kilehuntley, 4.

merchant, 4 and n, 7, 235,

236.

father of baron Clerk, 7, 8,

97, 98 and «, 99, 108, 240. 241.

sir lohn, baron of exchequer,

list of his children, 2 ; his ancestry,
3 and 11 ; birth, 10 ; his school
days, 11; at Glasgow college ; sails
for Holland, 12 and 11 ; at^Leyden,
14-17 ; his portrait by Mieris, 16 n ;
leaves for Italy, 19 ; MS. Journal
of My Travels, 19 and 11; at
Vienna, 21-23 ; Rome, 24 ; leaves
for Florence, 29 ; visits Genoa, 31 ;
sails for France, 31 ; arrives in
Paris, 33 ; proceeds to Holland, 34;
returns to Scotland, 35 ; his acquire-
ments gained on the Continent ;
admitted advocate, 36 ; marries lady
Margaret Stuart, 38 ; her death, 39-
42 ; chosen member of parliament
for Whithorn, 46 ; one of the com-
missioners on the inquiry into the
public accounts : and his essay upon
the intended limitations, xiii, 49 : his
pamphlets on diminishing the ancient
prerogatives of the crown, 49 : re-
ceives the thanks of parliament lor
report on public accounts, 53 ;
chosen one of the commissioners for
the treaty of union, 56, 58 ; his
duties as commissioner, 61 ; private

266

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

visits to queen Anne, 62, 63 ; returns
to Scotland, 63 ; writes some con-
siderations on the articles of the
union, and an essay upon the xvth
article, xv, xxvii, 66 and ; chosen
M. P. for Scotland, 66; accompanies
the duke of Queensberry to London,
67 ; the union being accomplished
he leaves for Scotland, appointed
baron of exchequer, 70 ; his portraits
by Medina, 70-71 ; interviews with
queen Anne, 71, 72 : his favourite i
studies, 74 : his second marriage, j
75 : journey to Bath, 76 ; begins his l -
History of the Union, 84, 85 and ;
death of his son John, 98, 112;
death of his father, 10S-109; death
of his brother William, and of his
children William and Mary, 114;
builds Mavisbank house, 115 ; visits
the Roman wall, 11 7- 119; writes
an account of his trip to England, x,
119; The Country Seat: a poem,
xxii, 121 and ; elected member
of the society of antiquaries, Lon-
don, 122; in London, 123-130:
diary of what he saw or met
with in England, x, 130; appointed
trustee for manufactures in Scotland,
132 ; elected member of the Royal
So ciety, 136; his Dissertatic tie j
Monum cutis, etc., xxvii, 130 and «, i
166, 222 and n ; his journal of a I
trip to Houghton hall, x, 141 ;
destroys poems in English and Latin !
of his own composition and Ubsci-ja- \
Hons on the Prune Ministry of Joseph J
in the Reign of Pharaoh King of
Pgr ft : his De Rebus Britannicis, 147 ;
visits Roger Gale at Scruton, 14S ; 1
his Observations upon the Flight and \
Passage of Fowls, 150 n ; visits j
Duncan Forbes of Culloden, 151 ; j
Whitehaven coal works, 153 and n; j
his Account of some Roman Antiqui- \
tics observed at Fulness, etc., 154 ;/ ; '
finishes Mavisbank, 1 54-155 ; his !
Latin history De ImperioBritannico, \
160 ; his defence of the excise bill,
161 1: : death of his son Patrick, I
162; writes an Essay on the Antient '
Languages ofG reat Britain , 1 65 and :
leaves Mavisbank on account of the
rebels, 1S4; leaves for England
after the battle of Preston, 1S6 ;
returns tc Edinburgh, 191 ; death
of his son Henry confirmed, 203 ; !
state of his health in old age, 210-
213 ; his treatises on the state of the j
British nation and on trade, 214 i

and « ; ' picture of myself,' 213-215;
revises his Latin history, 223 and 11;
his death, xxix ; list of improvements
on his estates, 232; his description
of Penicuik house and grounds, 236-
240 ; his Account of how the Treaty
of Union has been received here, 244 ;
Edinburgh residence, 245 ; the re-
storation of Roslin chapel, 250 ; his
Scheme of Improvements in the
Baronie of Penicuik, 252, 254.
Clerk, John, son of baron Clerk, 85,
98,99, 105, 106. 107, 111-112 and
11, 193 and ;:.

; another son of baron Clerk

with same name (being his eighth
son), 135 and n, 203.

grandson of baron Clerk,

177 ;/ > 204 and 71.

Dr. John, 11 n, 85 and n, 86,

98 n, 165 n, 193 and n.

Mary, sister of baron Clerk, 10S,

in.

daughter of baron Clerk,

107 n, 114, 247.
Mathew, son of baron Clerk, 139,

204.

Patrick, son of baron Clerk,

xxviii, 98, 143, 14;, 14S, 1 58, 161-
163, 194, 252.

Robert, 240.

doctor in Edinburgh, 1 1

and n.

advocate, brother of baron

Clerk, 139 and n,
Sophia, sister of baron Clerk,

171 and n.
William, merchant in Montrose,

3 «. 4-

advocate, 24 n.

uncle of baron Clerk, 35

and 71.

brother of baron Clerk,

114.

son of baron Clerk, 1 14.

grandson of baron Clerk,

204 and 11.
Clerk-Maxwell, prof. James, 252.

William, 96 71.

Ciermount, 164. 210, 233.
Clery, 107,

Ciickhim or Noble hall, 253.

Coal works in Loanhead, 115, 225 ; at

Newcastle, 116, 11S; at the mill of

Penicuik. 120: at Mavisbank, 146;

at Whitehaven, 153; at Newhall

and Harlawmoor, 255.
Coats, 253.

Cochrane, lady Catherine, 230 u.

INDEX

267

Cockburn, Adam, of Ormistoun, 95

and 7i, 105 71, 146.
Coldshoulders park, 14S and 71, 233.
Coldstream, 185.
Colinton (Collington) mains, 139.
Cologne, 19.

Colquhoun, Elizabeth, 217 11.
Colquit, John, 68 71.
Coltbridge, 182 and n.
Coltness, 57

Comets in 1742-44, 164 and 71, 166
and ;;, 167, 16S ; influence of, 164
168.

Compton, Henry, bishop of London,
68 and 71.

sir Spencer, 125 and 71.

Comrie, 256.
Concraig, 253.

Condercum, a Roman ?:ation, 11S 71.
Cooking, 233, 253.

Cope, sir lohn, 179 and n, ibo-ibi,

1S4, 185, 1 87.
Corby castle, 119, 143; ! 49> l6 4>

219.

Correlli, Archangelo, xii, 28 and 71.
Corse hill, 243.

Corstorphine, James, lord, 10*.
Cosmo in., grand duke of Tuscany,

29 and ft.
Cotton, sir John Hynde, 156 71.
Council of trade, 56 and ?/.
Country Seat, the ; c poem, by baron

Clerk, 121 and ;:.
Cowper (Cooper). William, earl, 59

and 71, 60.
Craigieburn. history of, 249.
Cramond, 76, 7S.
Crauford moor, 106.
Crawford, earl of, 1947.*, 19 s -
Creichtoune, William de, 6n.
CriefT, 256, 257.

Cromarty, earl of, 199. 200 and n. 202.
Cromwell, Oliver, 90. 91 n.
Cronstrom, baron, commander in Ber-

gen-op-Zoom, 207.
Culfargie, 10S and «, 113. 247.
Culloden, battle of, 177'-% 178". T 93">

200-202 and 71, 221.
Cultness. Sec Coltness.
Cumberland, duke of. 191, 192 and »,

193, 195-197, 19S-2C2, 204, 207.
Cuningham, sir David, 51 and
Cunningham, sir Hugh, of Bonnington.

155 »■

Katherine, 155 7i.

Currie, Dr. James, 250.
Customs, 50, 52 : management of the,
in Scotland, 50. 52. 68 and n.

Dacke, Rose Mary. 177 /.*, 204 ».

Dalguise, 165 and 71.
Dalkeith, 198.

Dalrymple, George, of Dalmahoy,
baron of exchequer, 73.

sir Hugh, xii.

hon. Isabella, 51 «.

John. See Stair, viscount.

Margaret, xii.

Damhead of Penicuik, 120, 137.
Daufington. See Dolphinton.
Dearth of provisions, 159 and 71.
Defoe, Daniel, 63 and 71, 244.
Derby, 191.

Desaguiliers, Jean Theopmle, 1 26 and «.
Dettingen, 193 «.

Devonshire, William, duke of, 124

and 71, 126.
Dewar ofVogrie, 151 and 71.
Dickson, sir Robert, 6S 71,
Dingwall, 199.

Dolphinton (Daufington), 107, 135.

Doncaster, 141.

Dort, 13.

Douay, 201 71.

Douglas, colonel, 130 and

Alex., of Spynie, 235.

Archibald, duke of, kills captain

Ker, 131 and 71.

Charles, son of Charles, duke of

Queensberry, 210 and 11.

lord George, 249.

i Grizel, 249.

! lady Mary, 37 and 7:, 39.

j Susan, 139 71.

I William, of Tympandoun, 139 71.

Drumcrief, 96;?, 130 and 12, 133, 135,
138-143, 146, I49> *5 8 » 2c6 ' 2 °9>
228, 229, 249, 253.
Drumlanrig, 107, 134 and 71, 135, I37>
138, 140, 144, I45> ! 4S, I5 8 » ID 5>
j 174, 192, 206, 209, 228, 231.
! Henry, earl of, 209 and 71, 23c,

231. . • , .

j Drummelzier on Tweed, 70.
! Drummond, David. See Madertie

lord.

; Elizabeth, 7 and 71.

I George, xiv, 54.

! lord, 94 71.

' lord John, 201 and 71.

sir John, 218 71.

hon. Robert Hay, 256 71.

William, of Hawthomden, ;

and

castle. 219 and 257, 25S.

Drumselch forest, 6
Du Bart, Jean, 13 a.
Duddinsston, 1S4.
! Duff, William, of Braco, 151 and 7:.
house, 151 71.

268

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Dumbarton, 155

Dumblane, 92, 93.

Dumfries, 72, 96 77, 144, 154, 192.

Dunbar, 45, 67, 1S4, 185.

David, of Binnies, 235.

Dundas, David, 14;;.

sir Robert, of Arniston, 51 and 77.

Walter, of Dundas, 96 n.

Dundee, 93, 152, 196.

Dunkeld, 151, 196.

Dunkirk, xix, 13, 93, 16S, 169, 201.

Dunmore, Charles, earl of, 50 and a.

Dunrobin, 199 n.

Dunsire, 135.

Duntreath forest, 6.

Durand, colonel, 161 n.

Duresdeer, 206.

Durham, 67, nS-H9and n, 14S, 166,

187, 191, 192.
Dykeneuk, 158, 159, 209 and 11, 230,

253-

Eclipse of the sun, 86 and 77 ; of

Jupiter, 227 and 77.
Edgefield coal works, 1 15 and 77.

lord. 145 11.

Edgehil], battle of, 92.

Edinburgh, 180-181, 192, 193.

castle, 94-95, 1S1-1S3. 1SS-1S9,

197.

college, 99.

Edmonstone, 151 and 11.
Eglintoun, Alexander, earl of, 74;:.

countess of, 6 and n.

Elcho, David, lord, 201 and 77.
Eleonora Josepha, queen of Poland,
22 and 77.

Eleonora Theresa, wife of Leopold I.,

21 r,.
Elgine, 151.

Eiixar proprietatis, 77, 246.
Elvanfooi, 106.
Elvingstone, 8 and 11.
Enterkin, 175.

Equivalent grant, xvii, 11, 61.
Erskine (Areskine), Charles, 132 11,

David, 14.

rev. Ebenezer, 247.

Thomas, lord, 231 and 11.

Esk, the river, 78, 233, 240.
Eskfield house, 137 and 7;, 233.
Essex, George, earl of, 217 n.

William, earl of, 217 and 77.

Eton, 86, 9S.
Evan water, 206.
Ewe milk, 116.

Exchequer court in Scotland, xxvii,
70 and 71, 71 and 77 ; constituted at
Edinburgh, 73 ; exchequer court
and the forfeited estates, 258.

I Excise, 50, 52 ; articles of union re-
lating to, 66 ; management of, in
Scotland, 6S and 77.
Exeter, earl of, 129 77.

Fahills, 253.

Falkirk, 54, 196; battle of, 177, 1S6

77, 193 77, 194, 195.
Farnese, Elizabeth, 172 and 11.
Farquharson, Alex., accountant, 25.
Feligno, 24.
I Ferrara, 24.
Ferrybridge, 1S7.
Fesa-Cross, 154 77.
Fettercairn, 4 and /v.
Fiddes, Christian, 1S4 11.
Findlater, James, earl of, 62 n.
Finliston, seat of the earl of Glencairn,

54, 55, 'OS-
Fisheries of Aberdeenshire, 152 ; of

Scotland, 132 n, 133, 143, 224.
Flanders, 1 58, 205.
Fleming's regiment, 193 11.
Fletcher of Benshie, 202 n.

Andrew, of Saltoun, xiii,48and;;.

sir Robert, 48 11.

Florence, 29, 30.
Flushing, 13.
Fochabers, 151.

Fontenoy, battle of, 87 », 168 ?;, 191,
193 71, 198 218.
i Forbes, Alexander, 68 11.

■ ■ bishop of Caithness, 3

! Ann, 130 77.

i rev. Arthur, 106 11.

. sir David, of Newhall, 1 10 77.

-Duncan, of Culloden, 110 12,

: 132 77, 151 and 71, 180, 199, 200 71,
I 202.

I John, of Ardmurdo, 3 77.

! advocate, 1 10 and 77.

; — of Newhall, 255.

: Fordel, family of, 77.

I Forfeited estates, management of,

i 220, 223 and 77, 25S.

' Forres, 15 1.

: Fort Augustus, 179, 198, 204.
Fort William, 179, 199, 204, 220.
Forth and Clyde canal, 246.
Fortrose, Kenneth, lord, 178 and 77,
200.

Foster, John, his account of the death
of colonel Gardiner, 186 11.

Thomas, commander-in-chief of

the rebels, 91 and 71.

Fotheringham, David, governor of
Dundee for prince Charles, 202 71.

Foulis, Anne, 97 71,

Robert, of Leadhills, 97 n.

Franceschini, count Guido, 29 11.

INDEX

269

Francis, grand duke of Tuscany, 26,

29. 169 11.
Frankfort, 19, 163.

Fraser, Hugh, secretary to lord

Lovat, 208 11.
Robert, secretary to lord Lovat,

20S /;.

advocate, 51 and 11.

Frederick II. of Prussia, 171.

Augustus II. of Poland, 16S >:,

172 and n.
Lewis, prince of Wales, death of,

226 and «.
' Free for a blast,' 5 11, 6 11.
French promises not to be trusted,

204, 221.
Frew ford, 182 and n.
Frost, the, of 1739, 149 and ;;.

Gale. Roger, xxiv-xxvii, 121 and ;;,
12$, 126, 128 ;;, 136, 142 14S,
152, 153 n, 164 a, 165 ;;, 246. 250,
251.

Galloway. 91, 144.

Alexander, earl of, 42 ;;, 37 and

;:, 42 11, 230.
James, earl of, xii, 37 and ;;, 43,

45." 50, 54, 107, 144, 175 and 11.

house, 144 71.

Galston, 1 1 1 n.

Gardiner, colonel James, 1S1 ; killed
a: the battle of Prestonpans, 1S5
and 71.

Gariies, lord, 107 and it.

Gaskhill (Glaskils), 159 and ;;, 233.

Genoa (Genua), 31 ; siege of. 206
and 11.

George I., 81, 82, 83, 88, 92, 124 and

n, 133, i55> J 57-

n., 155, 226 it.

Gibraltar, 229, 230.
Gilles, John. 242.

Gilpin," William, of Sealesby castle,

119 and 11.
Giadsmoor, 186 and 11.
Giasertoun house, 55, 107, 144.
Glasgow, 105, 195 and 71.

"David, earl of, 146 n.

Glaskils. See Gaskhill.
Glen, James, F.S.A., 117 71.
Gienartney forest, 21S ;;, 257 ;;.
Glencairn, countess of, 105.

earl of, 43 and ;;, 54, 55, 105.

Glencoe. massacre of, 125 11.
Giencoise, I3 2 -

Glendorch, lands of, 97 and 11.
Glenelg forest, 218 and 11.
Giennnnan, 179 «, 202 71.
Glengarry. See Macdonell.
Glenshiel, battle of, 93 11, 202 206.

I Glover, a mathematician, 34 and ;;.
i Goat whey, 106, 111, 116, 166, 171,
216, 218, 253 ; goat whey cam-
paign at Laivei-s, x, 255.
Godolphin, Sidney, earl of, 53 and ;;,
56, 58, 59 11, 63 7i, 64 and ;;, 67,
72, 78, So.
Goeree, 13 ;;.
Goodtries, 57 7:.

Gordon, Alex., antiquary, 1 1 7 and ;;,
1 iS 71, 119 ;;, 139 71, 154 11.
; lady Tean. See Perth, duchess

of.

1 lord Lewis, 196 and ;;, 201.

; castle, 151.

' Gordonsburgh, 179 ;:.

! Graevius of Utrecht, 129 71.

\ Graham, David, of Duntroon, 202 ;„\

; Tames, viscount Dundee, 221.

Grant, Joannes, 14 >:.

colonel Ludovick, of Grant,

96 71.

, lady, 96 and ;.\

Gratebridge. See Greeta Bridge.
I Gray, Anne, mistress of, 5 n .

Mary, 4 and 6.

Thomas, of Brighouse, 4 71.

sir William, 4 and 71.

William, master of Gray, 5 and

! Greeta Bridge. 149.

Gregory, David, professor of mathe-
matics, xviii, 61 and 71.

James, professor of mathematics

at Edinburgh university, 99 n,
16711

Gronovius, James, professor at Leyden,
xi, 16 and

John Frederick. 16 n.

I Guest, general, 1S2 and 183 12, 1S9.

; Haddington, 35.

i Thomas, earl of, 4S and 11.

\ Hadrian, emperor. 117.

Hailles, lands of, 235.
I Haldane, John, of Gieneagles, 51 andn.
i Mungo, of Gieneagles, 51 11.

Haley. See Hawley.
j Halhouse or Halls, 6 and 253.
' Halket (Plackete), Dr. James, 40
and 11.

Halls. See Halhouse.

Halton castle, 1 iS ;:.
l Hamilton, lord Archibald, 230 11.
\ Tames, 40 and ;:.

* of Gilkerscleugh, 240.

duke of, 57 and;;, 130

and ;;.

Jean, daughter of lord Bargeny,

106.

Thomas, 14 ;.\

270

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Hamilton, sir William of Whitelaw,

1 05 n.
Hampton Court, 129.
Handyside, colonel, 14S, 162.
Hanoverian succession, 47, 52, 53,

58, 59, 65, 79, Si, 87, 88.
Ilardwick, Philip, lord, 173 and 11.
Harlaw loch, 45 11.
Harlawmuir, 233.

Harley, Robert. Sec Oxford, earl of.

Hartfoord, 67.

Harwich, 35.

1 Hasard 1 sloop, 200.

Hawley, Henry, lieutenant-general,

193 and 11.
Hearth money, 32 and n.
Henderson, Elizabeth, 7, 171 «.

Dr. Henry, 7, 8, 10 n, 245.

Thomas, 10;.'.

merchant, Edinburgh, 7 and

n, 77.

Hepburn, a surgeon, gSn.

James, Cameronian minister, 54-

rev. John, 243.

Margaret, 6 n, 235, 236.

Herberstain. 253.

Herbert, Thomas. Sec Pembroke,
earl of.

lady Winifred, wife of the earl

of Nithsdale, 91 11.
Heriot, 109 n.

Hertford, Algernon, earl of, 122 and n.

Hess, prince of, xix, 197 and n.

Hessian troops, 197, 19S, 199, 257.

Hexham, 11S.

Hicra picra, 2 1 1 and 11.

Highland armies untrustworthy, 204,

205, 221.
Hill, Abigail. Sec Masham, Mrs.
Hoadley, bishop, 86 n.
Hodges, rev. James, 244.
Hog, Tohn, proprietor of Cammo,

116, 232, 247 and 11.

sir Roger, of Harcarse, 247.

Holborn, Francis, admiral, 14S;/.
sir James, of Menstrie, 123 n,

14S and 7i, 154.

captain William, 227 and n.

Holburn, Mrs., 1S8.
Holland, 35, 20S.
Holyroodhouse, 46, 1S4, 197, 231.

lord, 141 and n.

Home, Charies, earl of, 141 n.

William, earl of, 185.

Homer, bronze head of, 129 11, 130.
Hope, a surgeon, 98 n.

lady Charlotte, 231 11.

John, earl of. 210 ».

sir John, of Hopetoun, 97 n.

Hopetoun, Charles, earl of, 97 and n.

Hopetoun house, 115 //.
' Houghton hall, 141 and n, 142.

Housesteads, Roman remains at, 11S

and
Houston, 103.

Anne, wife of Adam Cockburn of

Ormiston, 105.

Jean. 96 ;/.

sir John, 103.

sir Patrick, 75, 96 11, 103 11.

Howard, Charles. See Carlisle, earl
! of.

sir Francis, 119

William, of Corby castle, 1 19 and

», 149.
; Howgate, 230 and 11.

Howland, Elizabeth, 2S 12.

John, of Streatham, 28 n.

Hubertsburg, the peace of, 22S

Hume, David, 165 n.
■ Hungary, 169

Hunnum, a Roman station, 118
j Hunter of Burnside, 202 n.

of Polmood, 1 7S 11.

j Hurley cave, 164 and «, 165, 233,
236.

; pond, 210, 219, 221.

j Hurricane at Penicuik in 1739, 150.
i Husk, general, 193 and n.

Hyde, lady Catherine, 130 11.
\ Hyndford, earl of, 37, 222 and n.
J Hyrapicra. Sec Hiera picra.

j Idle, John, baron of exchequer, 133

11, 166, 247
I Ignatius, son of Leopold I., 22 and n.

Indian and African company, 69.

Inglis, sir James, of Cramond, 73 11.

Janet. 14S 11.

of Cramond, second wife of

baron Clerk, xviii, 75 and n, 148 n.
John, 1 48

sir John, of Cramond, 76 n, 103 ;;,

247.

Innerpeftray, library of, 256 n.
Innes, lady, 6 11.

sir Robert, of Innes, 235.

Innocent XII., 29 n.
I Inveraray, 171, 217, 220.
Inveresk, 10S ;;.
Inverkeithing, 124 it.
Inverlochy, 179 and n.
Inverness, 151, 180, 198, 202.
Inverurie, 196 n.
Irvine, 55.

Isaacson, James, 68 n.
Isat, sir Edward, 98 n.
Islay (Illay), earl of, 130.

I Jacobites, 47, 63, Si, S3, SS.

INDEX

271

Jamaica, 145, 161, 163, 171.
fames VII., 52, 57 "•
Jedburgh, 91.

Jesuitc barie, a preventive of morti-
fication, 9S.
John VI. of Portugal, 22 n.
Johnston, Archibald, of Girthland,

135. 2 50.

sir Archibald, 125 n.

George, 9 a.

James, of Twickenham, 125 and 11.

Maurice, xxvi, 250,

William, 250.

lieut. -col. William, 250.

Jones, Inigo, 12S and ;:. 329.

Joseph 1., son of Leopold I., 22 and //.

11., elected king of the Romans.

22S and 11.
Justinian's palace, Constantinople, 130.

Keith, lady Ann, 107 n.

George. See Marischal, earl.

Kelso, 91, 117, 14S, 190.
Kendal, 91.

Kenmore, William, viscount, joins the

rebels, 91 and n.
Kennedy, sir Archibald, 74

Susanna, xxii. 74 n.

Kensington, 62, 63, 72.
Ker, captain John, killed by the duke
of Douglas, 131 and //.

lord Mark, governor of Edinburgh

castle, 189 and ;;.
Kerr, Andrew, and the restoration of

Roslin chapel, 251.
Helen, 9 //.

Kilbride cave, 179 /.'.

Kilehuntley, in Badenoch, 4.

Kilieerew. captain James, 169 11.

Killichimy, 19S and 11.

Killiecrankie, battle of, 205, 221.

Kilmarnock, counters of, 193 n.

lor.b 202, 20S.

Kilpatrick, 105.

Christian, 9, 10 n.

Tames, 9 and v.

Kilsyth, 105.

Kilwinning, 41 //.

Kinardie, 61 n.

Kingstone, lohn de. constable of Edin-
burgh, 235.

duke of, 190 and //.

Kingussie, 1 99 n -
Kinloch, Franciscus, 14 /.'.

Moidart, 177 and «.

Kinnaird, 1 52.
Kirkcudbright, 72, 144.
Kirkland, 154 n.
Kirkwood. Joannes. 14;.'.
Knibloc. James, 12 n.

Knight, Samuel, D.D., 152 and 11.
Knights' Law, 134 and //, 216, 220

and n, 224, 233, 254.
Konigsmarke, Aurora, countess of,

16S 11.

Lagos bay, 12 /;.

Langton, Walter de, lord treasurer of
England, 235.

Lant, Matthew, baron of exchequer,
I 73 and //, 133, 139, 166.
! Lasswade, S and ,:, 1 1 3, 1 1 5> T 46 ;
i court book of the barony of, 240.
; Lauder, a surgeon, cS a.

sir John, of Fottntainhall,5l and//.

; Lauderdale, duke of, S, 4S //.

1 John, earl of, 76 and n.

; Laufeldt, battle of, 16S //. 207 //, 20S //.
\ Law, John, projector of the Mississippi
! scheme, xix, 100 and //.

j William, professor of moral philo-

■ sophy, S n.
! La'.veis, 255.

\ Lawhead, lands or", 132, 134, 137,
253.

1 Lawson, John, o; Ca:rnniuir, 120 //.

' Leadhills, 45, ;4, c- and n.

\ Lead mines at Waniockhead, 165, 174.

I Leblanc, major, 7c, 134.

I Leg, captain of a man-of-war, 229.

; Leghorn, 30.

Leith, S9, 90, 197. 19S, 226.
; Leopold I., empercr of Germany, xii,

21 // : as a musician, 23 and //.
I Lesley, John, schoolmaster at Hadding-
] ton, 252.
I Lestock, admiral. 170.
I Lethalier, Sman, 125.
I Leuendale. See Lowendal.
: Lexington, Robert, lord, xi, 21 and //.
j Leyden, xi, xxi. 12, 14-19, 139, 141,

i * 45 -

j ' Liberty of the plantations, 242.
j Library of Innerpeffray, 256 //.
I Ligonier, sir John, 192//.
Lille, 163 and

Limitations on the crown, 49, 53.
Lin, captain, 161.
Lincoln, 141.

Linen manufacture of Scotland, 132 //,
143 and ;:, 25':. 257: ai Dumfries,
90 // ; at Loch Earn, 218.

Linlithgow, 1S2, 193 ;:, 195. 196.

Lintz, 20.
! Lisbon, 159. 210 >:, 226.
! Listonshiels. 1 1 ::.
! Lithgow. Sec Linlithgow.
I Little, of Libert on, 171 //.
j Sarah. 1 7 1.

Liverpool, QS.

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Livingstons yards, Edinburgh, 189
and 71.

Loanhead, 35, 113, 115, 146; colliery,
225 ; improvements at, 233.

court book of the barony of, 240.

Loanstone, 8, 253.
Loch Earn, 218, 257.
Lochiel. Sec Cameron.
Loch Lomond, 217.
Lochmaben, 72, 91 n.
Loch Skeen, 217.
Tay, 257.

Lockhart, Richard, of Lee, 96 11.
Logan, rev. George, 255 and n.
London, 58, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71,

76, passim.
Longtoun, 91.
Loretto, 24.

Lorraine, Francis, duke of, 169 n.

Louder. See Lowther.

Loudon, Hugh, earl of, secretary of

state for Scotland, 59 and n, 63.

James, earl of, 199 and 11, 202.

Louis xiv., 33, 93.

xv., 172. 216.

Lovat, lord, xviii, 205, 208 and w, 209.
Lowendal, count, 207, 208.
Lowndes, William, 260.
Lowther, school at, 138 and n, 139,

143-

sir James, 153 and 154^.

Lukenhouses. 253.
Luss, 171, 216, 217.
Lyon, Jean, 247.

rev. William, of Ogil, 247.

Lyons (Lions), 33.
gulf of, 32.

Macdonald, sir Alexander, of

Sleat, 178 and n, 199-200.
Donald, of Kinloch Moidart, 177

and 11.
Flora, 179 ft.

- Ranald, of Clanranald, 177 and n.

Macdonell, jEneas, 177 11.

Alastair Dubh, 1 77 n.

John, of Glengarry, joins the

Pretender, 177 and n.
Macgeorge, rev. William, minister at

Penicuik, 109.
Macgie, Mr., 230 and n.
Macintosh, brigadier, of Borlum, 90

and 7i.

Mackaile, Matthew, apothecary in

Edinburgh. 100 71.
Mackay, Donald, son of lord Reay,

200 and 7!.
colonel Hugh, of Bighouse, son

of lord Reay, 200 and n.

Mackenzie, Colin, 240.
Mackenzie, Kenneth. See Fortrose,
lord.

■ sir Robert, of Preston ha'l, 246.

Mackerstone. See Makerston.
Maclaurin, professor Colin, 165 «,
167 71.

Macleod, John, lord, 199 71, 200 and 11.
Macmoran, bailie, residence of. 246.
MacNought, kills colonel Gardiner at

Preston, 1S6 «.
Madertie, David, lord, founder of

Innerpeffray library, 256
Maestricht, 207.

Magliabechi (Maiizabechi), Antonio,

30 and 7i.
Magna, camp of, 1 18 ;z.
Maitland, lord, picture of, at Kinnaird,

152 and 71.
Alexander,- of Pitritchie, baron of

exchequer, 71 and 71.

lady Anne, 4S «.

sir Charles, 71 71.

Jane, 71 71.

Makerston, 184 and n.
Malaga, 161 71.

Malpas, George, viscount, 125 and n.

Malplaquet, battle of, 55 71.

Manners, lord George, 21 71.

Manufactures in Scotland, 132 71, 133.

Mar, John, earl of, secretary of state
for Scotland, xviii, 59 76 ; stirs
up rebellion in the north, and
marches with an army to Perth, 87,
88, 89 ; defeated by Argyle at
Sheriftmuir, 92 ; retires to Perth ;
sails for France, 93.

Maratti, Carlo, 152.

Marchwell, lands of, 132 and ;:.

Maria-Amelia, 16372.

Maria Theresa, 22 ft, 163 71, 169 and
71, 170, 171, 180 n, 206 71.

Marischal, George Keith, earl, 93
and n.

William, earl, 107 71.

Marlborough, duke of, 53, 55 ;:, 56 71,

79, 80, 92 7i, 94 71, 163 it.
' Marrow controversy,' 108 n,
Marseilles, 31.

Mary Anne, daughter of Leopold I.,
22 n.

Mar}' Elizabeth, daughter of Leopold

I., 22 71.

Mary Magdalen, 22 71.

Masham, Mrs., So and 71.

Matthews, admiral, 169, 170.

Mavisbank, 113, 115, 116, 119, 123,

I3 2 > 134, 135. 137, 13S, 140, 146,

148, 150, 152, 153, 154, 161, 171,

1 75, 176, 184, 205, 206, 20c, 223,

INDEX

273

225, 232 ; history and description
of, 24S.

■Maxwell, Agnes, 114, 134, 251.

John, 114, 251.

Robert, lord, 251. See also

Clerk-Maxwell.
May, isle of, 89.
Mayence (Mayance), 19.
Mead, Dr. Richard, 129 and
Medina, sir John, 70-71.
Medina Coeli, duke de, 29.
Meldrtim, rev. George, 40 and n.
Melville barony, 115, 146.
Menzies, John, of Cuiterallers, 246.

Robert, of Glassie, 240.

sir William, of Gladstanes, 240.

Mercer, Graeme, 248.

Meyder, a Dutchman, 24.

Michael Viesnovitsky, king of Poland,

22 21.

Middlebie, 134, 13S, 166; history of

the estate, 251.
Middleton, earl of, 50
Midleburg, 13.

Mieris, Francis, Dutch painter, 1 6 and ;.*.

William, xi, 16;;.

Military state of the country previous
to the rebellion of 1745, J Sl.

Militia, and the rebellion of 1715, S9.

Miller, Margrat, 242.

Milton, lord, 132 n,

Minick water, 1 75.

Minigaff, 175 and

Mississippi company, xix, 100-101.

Mitchelson. James, jeweller in Edin-
burgh, 240.

Moffat, 63, 76. 100 and 119, 133,
138, 141, 190.

Mohun, Charles, lord. 57 ;/.

Moncrieff, rev. Alex., minister at
Scoonie, 247.

rev. Alex., of Culfargie, 10 ?;,

108, ill, 113, 247.

Matthew, of Culfargie, 247.

Money, scarcity of, 54.

Monkstadt, 179 ,7.

Monro, Dr. Alex., 16^ 12.

sir Robert, of J-'oulis, killed at

the battle of Falkirk, 194 and

Mons, 34.

Montagu, duke of, 92 «.
Monteith, 106, m.
Montesina's cave. 45 and n, 160. 233.
239-

Montgomery, sir James, of Skelmorly,

50 u. 57 «.
John, 6S ;;.

iady Margaret, daughter of the

earl ofEglintoun, 17S;;.
Montreuil, 196

Montrose, 3 n, 4, 93, 196, 201 ;;.

duke of, 4S and 22, 56, 9S, 130,

221.
Monzie, 257.

Patrick, lord, 256 and n.

Moratti, Carolo. See Maratti.
Moray firth, 199.
Morpeth, 117, 14S, 160, 1S7.
Morton, James, earl of, 1 30 22.
earl of, president of the

philosophical society of Edinburgh,

165 ft.

Mossman, widow, 245.

Mountlothian, 253.

Mowbray, John, of Cammo, 246.

Mull, isle of, 204.

Munich, 172.

Munigaff. See Minigaff.

Mure, Elizabeth, marriage of, to

Robert 11., 255.
Murray, sir David, of Stanhope, 17S;;.

lord George, 199 and 11, 201.

— John, 249.

of Brouguton, secretary to

the Pretender, 17S and 22, 201, 205,
20S.

sir Patrick, of Ochtertyre, 257

and 22.

Robert. 250.

Murrowe, Johannes, 14 12.

Musgrave, sir Christopher, of Eden-
hall, 247 n.

Music in Holland, 15 ; in Vienna, 21-
23 : in Rome, 2S.

Musselburgh. 1S2, 19S.

Muthlow, lands of, 21S 22.

Myrton, sir Andrew, 73 12.

Euphame, 73 22

Nairn, 151, 200.

Napier, William, of Wrightshouses,

_ 7 n, 240.
Narni, 24.

National gallery of Scotland, 133
Newbigging, 6 and

Newborough, John, head-master at

Eton. 86 it.
Newcastle, 67, 92 ;:, 116-11S, 14S,

154, 166. 1S7, 190. 191, 193.

Thomas, duke of, 173 and 22.

Newhall estate, 235. 236.

Nicolson, sir John, of Lasswade, 241.

Nimeguen, 19.

Nisbet, Alex., of Craigentinny, 243.
Emila, 243.

Nithsdale, William, earl of, 91 and
Norham castle, 119.
Norman, Lionel, 6S 2:.
N orris, admiral sir John, 169 and n,
170;:.

274

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

North Berwick, 57 n.

Northesk, David, earl of, 50 and n.

George, earl of, 170 and 203.

Nudre, John de, 246.
Nuremberg, 19.

Oak trees under the Roman wall, I

119, 120 «.
Ochtertyre, 256, 257.
Ogilvie, lord, 202 n,
Ogilvius, Johannes, 14 11.
Old Sarum, 129.
Oliphant, captain, 145.
Orford, earl of. See Walpole, sir

Robert.

lord. See Russell, Edward.

Orleans, duke of, 34, 93 and n, 101.

house, Twickenham, 125 11.

Ormiston, lord. See Cockburn, Adam.
Ormonde, James, duke of, 80 and n.
Osborne, Thomas, bookseller, 82 n.
Osnabruck, 133.
Ostend, 201.

Ottoboni, cardinal Pietro, 28 «.
Oudenard, battle of, 55 tt.
Oxford, 76, 99.

earl of, xviii, 72 u, S0-S3, 94,

102 n.

Oyley-well, Liberton, 100 tt.

Padua, 24.
Panniore, 152.

Panmure, lord, 226 and 227.
Paris, 33.

Parliament, riding of the Scottish, !

46 and 11 ; factions of, 47-49.

house, 46-47.

of Great Britain, 69.

of Paris and the Mississippi |

company, 101.
Pasquini, Bernardo, xii, 28 and n.
Passau, 20.

Paterson, Andrew, of Kirktoun, 245.

William, founder of the bank of j

England, xviii, 61 and 11.
Pausilipo, grotto of, 165 and 11, 221.
Peebles, 190.

Pelham, Henry, 173 and 11.
Pelham- Holies. See Newcastle, duke
of.

Elizabeth, 141 11.

Pembroke, earl of, 122 and n, 123,

126, 127, 129.
Penicuik, 2 and «, 5, 10, 115, passim. \

of Newhall. 236.

Alex., of that ilk, 235.

Dr. Alexander, 11472, 235, 236.

Andrew, 6 tt.

sir David de, 6tt.

house, 26, 28, 30, 31, 54, 63, 72, :

98, 99, 108, 109, III, 112, passim;
plantations, 74, S3, 85, 96, 99, 106,
136, 209, 210, 254; history of the
barony, 235 ; description of house
and estate, 236 ; improvement
scheme, 253.

Penicuik kirk, 85, 159 and n, 233.

Penpont, 107.

Penrith, 91, 139, 141, 149.

Pentland hills, 236.

Perizonius, Jacobus, professor at Ley-
den, 16 and tt.

Perth, 89, 93, 96, 151, 196-198.

duchess of, taken prisoner by the

duke of Cumberland, 197 and

earl of, 10 n.

estates and the rebellion of 1745,

257 and 71.
Pesaro, 24.
Peterhead, 93.

Philiphaugh, battle of, 205, 221.
Philosophical society of Edinburgh,

165 and «.
Pictures at Houghton hall, 141 ; at

Penicuik, 23S ; at Wilton house, 128 ;

at Kinnaird castle, 152.
Pierce Bridge, 14S and ;z,
Pisa, 30.

Plantations, liberty of the, 53 and ti,
242.

Poll money, 52 and tt.

Poltney. See Pulteney.

Pomathorn, 8, 253.

Pond at Pennicuik house, 137 and 11.

Porteous Act, 248.

Porto Bello, 161 n.

Portsmouth, 168.

Powton, 144, 175.

Powys, William, marquis, 91 n.

Prcecolitium, a Roman station in the

north of England, 118 and n.
Prague, surrender of, 172.
' Prerogatives of the crown,' xiii, 49.
Presburg, 169 11.
Presbyterian government, 66.
Preston, 91, 94, 192/2, 173 w.

general, 183 and 189.

Prestonpans, battle of, 1S4 tt, 185, I95>
Prestoun, John, of Fentonbarns, 235,

245-246.

sir Michael, of Fentonbarns,

245-246.
Primrose, sir Archibald, 10 tt.
Pringle, John, of Haining, 130 and tt.
Robert, advocate, 85 n, 145 and

n, 217.

sir Robert, of Stitchel, 145 11.

Pulteney, William, created earl of

Bath, 1 56 and n.
Puttingstane Law, 253.

INDEX

275

Queen SB erry, Charles, third duke \
of, 129, 130;;, 131, 134, 144, I4 6 > j
158, 160, 161 and n, 206, 210, 230. j

■ duchess of, 160, 161 and 71, 210,

230.

James, second duke of, commis-
sioner to the Scottish parliament,
xii, 3S and n, 43-47, 53, 56, 58, 62,
63, 66, 67, 70-72, 76 ; his death, 77.

'William, first duke of, 3S.

Rae. See Rcay.

Ramsay, Allan, 229 and n, 252.

George, lord. 9 ».

Robert, of Biackcraig, 240.

Ranken, Gabriel, of Orchardhead,
I 7 I 11.

Raphael's cartoons at Hampton Court,

129 and 77.
Ratisbone, 20.
Ravenshaugh, 233.

Ravensneuk, 6 and ;.', 121 and 137, j
229 71, 253 and

Raynham hall, 141 //.

Reay, lord, sons of, take the earl of
Cromarty prisoner, 200 and

Rebellion of 1715, xix, 87; rebels
march to Penh : and take Leith
citadel, 89 ; march to Seaton house,
00 ; Kelso and Jedburgh. 91 ; march
into England, and taken prisoners :
at Preston, 91, 92 : battle of Sheriff- |
muir, 92 ; rebel prisoners carried to ;
London, 94 ; attack on Edinburgh ■
castle, 95.

of 1745, xix: arrival of the Pre- :

tender in Scotland, 177 ; gathering j
of the clans, 17S; the rebels take I
action near Lochness, 179 and 11 ; I
march towards Edinburgh, 1S0, 181 ; !
battle of Prestcnpans, 185 ; panic in
England, 187 ; proceedings of the i
rebels in Edinburgh, 1S8; they >
march into England, 190 ; retreat \
to Scotland, 192 ; battle of Falkirk, ;
194-195 : siege of Stirling castle,
196; rebel army pursued by the j
duke of Cumberland. 197-198; battle
of Culloden, 200-202 ; es'imate of
the number of persons concerned in
the rebellion, 200 201 11 ; money
and arms from France landed near
Mull, 204 and : management of
forfeited estates, 220, 223 and 71,
258.

' Regiment of Albany, 177 7/.
Rhodes, 253.
Ricard, Mary, 7 7:.
Ricardi, marquise de, 30.

Richmond, 149.

Riddell's court, Edinburgh, 246.
Riding exercise, beneficial results of,

76, 77, 96, 132, 136.
'Riding' of the Scottish parliament,

46 and 77.
Ridpath, George, 244.
Rigby, sir Alexander, 6S 12.
Rimini, 24.
Ripon, 148-149.
Rivan. See Ruthven.
Roads in the Plighlancls, 217 and 77,

220.

Robertson, rev. James, 2167;.

rev. John, 217 11.

Rogers, rev. Andrew, of Galston, 9 77,
in and 71.

Rogerson, Dr. John, 250.

Rollo, John Rogerson, 250.

Roman antiquities at Penicuik house,
13S, 139 and 222 ; Roman camp
at Ardoch, 219 and 77, 25S ; at
Mavisbank, 249 ; Roman remains
in the north of England. 117. 118,
119, 1 38, 139 71 : Roman inscription
in Drummond castle. 25S : Roman
wall, xxv, 117, ilS, 119, 120 ;:, 154
and 77.

Rome, xii, 24-29, 94.

Rooke, sir George, 12 ;:, 169 77.

'Rooms' of the barony of Penicuik,
253 and n.

Rose castle, 177 77.

Rosemary at Mavisbank, 151.

Rosiin chapel, restoration of. xxv :
and date of its foundation, 250,
251.

linn, 115.

Ross, David, 68 77.

Jacobus, 14 77.

Jean. 6 77, 234.

William, lord, 1 1 5 and ;;.

Rothes, John, earl of. 4S and <"•'.

Rotterdam, 12, 13, 35.

Roxburgh, duke of, 4S and 77. 56, 130,
160 and 71.

' Royal hunters,' 192.

infirmary, Edinburgh, 1 1 5.

Scots regiment. 201 77.

society of Edinburgh. 165 ti.

Royslon, lord, 132 ;:.

Ruddiman, Thomas, 255.

Run-rig lands, 136 and ;:.

Rupert, prince, at Edgehill, 92.

Rushout, sir John, 156 ;:.

Russell. Admiral Edward, lord Orford,
29 and 71.

lohn. See Bedford, duke of.

Ruthven in Badenoch, 151, 199 and ;/.

Ryswick, treaty of, 12 ;;, 21 7:, 122.

276

SIR JOHN CLERK'S MEMOIRS

Salisbury, 128.

Sandys, chancellor of the exchequer,
156 n.

Sanguerdus, professor, 214.
Sanquhar, 55, 72, 175, 243, 244.
Sarnbuchius, a teacher in Leyden, 14

and n, 15 11.
Satir's Syke, 253.
Savonia, 31.

Saxe, marshal, 16S and it , 177 71, 201

71, 207, 20S.
Scobey well at Penicuik, 215 and n,

239-
Scoon, 93.

Scott, sir John, of Ancrum, 178 11.

Margaret, 178 «.

countess of Eglintoune,

2 35-

Scottish national portrait gallery, 133
11.

Scrope, John, baron of exchequer, 71

and ;/, 76, 227 and 11, 259.
Scruton, 121 11, 122 «, 14S, 149, 250.
Seafield, earl of, 47 and 11, 48 it, 59,

62 and 7i, 71, 73.
Seaforth, Kenneth, earl of, 10 11.
Seaton. See Seton.
Seelby castle, 119.
Selkirk, Charles, earl of. 160 71.
Sempill close, Edinburgh, 246.
Seneca : s advice against old age, 210,

22 1 .

Setun, sir Alexander, 51 71.

Margaret, 51 n.

William, yr. of Pkmedden. 51

and it.

house, 90 and 71.

Severus, emperor, 117, 119, 154.

Sewell, John, 68 «.

Seymour, Algernon. See Hertford,

earl of.

Shaftoe, Robert, of Benwell Tower,

118 and 11.
Shaw, sir John, xii.
Sheerness, 193 n.

Sherift'muir, battle of, 55 71, 56 71, 92,

93- l 3 l "> !5 8 "» !93 205.
Short's telescope, 167 11.
Shovel, sir Cloudesley, 169 n.
Shrewsberry, Charles Talbot, earl of,

Si and «.
Silesia, 1 7 1 , 172.
Silverburn, 253.

Sinclair, Mr., of Roslin, 6 it, 137.

lady Elizabeth, 21S 71.

William, earl of Orkney, 250,

251.
Skipmyre, 61
Skye, isle of, 177, 202.
Sloane, sir Hans, 126 and 11.

Small -pox, 18 and 72, 24, 35> 204*
Smibert, John, 29 it.
Smith, Egidia, 5 it.

James, baron of exchequer, 71

and 11, 73, 113.
sir John, of Grothill, provost of

Edinburgh, 5 it.
Smollett, George, of Inglestone, 155 11.
■ James, of Bonhill, 96, 155 and 11,

171.

Tobias, 155 n.

| Snap, Dr. Andrew, head-master at

Eton, 86 and 11.
\ Sobieski, John, king of Poland, 21 n.
j Sohvay firth, 154.

Sophia, princess, 79 and 11.

Sorbie, 107, 144.

Southesk, earl of, 5 «, 107 and n.
South Sea company, 100, 104. 148 11.
Spain, war with, 155, 157, 158.
Spanheim, Frederick, 16 and n.
Spanish expedition, 93 71.
Speculum hiimancz salvatio7iis, 127
and ii.

Spittal, James, of Leuchat, 123 and ;;.

lands of, 1 1

Spoletti, 24.

Spy, the, 158, 159 and 11, 209.

'Squadron volante,' 47, 48, 56, 57.

Stair, earl of, 34, 50 and n, 73 it.

Stamford, T42 11.
! Stanmore, 141.
j Steel, Patrick, 245.

Stewart, Isabel, 177 11.

j ■ Robert, of Appin, 177 n. See

also Stuart.
I Stilton, 142 11.
i Stirling, 197.

bridge, 92.

castle, 181, 196. 243.

St. John, Henry. See Bolingbroke.

St. Leger, sir Anthony, 21 it.

Mary, 21 11.

St. Nazaire, 176.

St. Ninian, church of, blown up by

rebels, 196 and it.
Stonehenge, 128.
Stragaeth camp, 25S it.
Straten, Samuel, 14 it.
Strathallan, William, lord, 256.
Strathearn, 218.
Strathneven, 199.
Strathspey, 152.

Strauchan, Alexander, teacher at

Penicuik, 10.
Strouan, 256.

Stuart, lieut. -colonel, deputy-governor
of Edinburgh castle. 95 and «.

Archibald, provost of Edinburgh,

180 and 11, 183 it, 184 11.

INDEX

277

uart, Charles Edward. 16S, 176 ;
arrives in Scotland, 177 ; marches to
Edinburgh, 1S1 ; proclaimed at the
Cross, 1S4 ; defeated at Culloden,
201 ; on the surrender of Cape
Breton, 217

Dougal, advocate, 51 and n.

lady Henretta, 42 and n, 54.

Henry, 176.

James, son of the earl of Gal-
loway, 87 and 11.

Tames Francis Edward, the Pre-
tender, So, Si, 82, 8S, 93, 94, 1 78;/.

brigadier-general John, of Sorbie,

40 and 43. 87, 107, 175.

lady Margaret, xii, 37 and

39-41. 74, 107 and n.

lady Mary, 178 n.

Studley park, 148, 1S7.

Stukeley, Dr.. 122 and n, 128, 142 n.

Styria (Stiria), 23.

Succession to the crown, 47, 52, 53,

65, 79-
Sutherland, 199.

Sutton, Robert. See Lexington.

Talbot, Chari.es. See Shrewsbury,

earl of.
Tarni, 24.

Taylor, a shoemaker, an active rebel

at the siege of Edinburgh castle,

1S9 and 11.
Terregles tower, 220 n, 224.
Theorbo, the, 22 and n.
Thirlewall castle, 11S and n.
Thomas the rhymer, 1S6.
Tod, Archibald, 250.
Thomas, minister at Duresdeer,

135 and n, 250.
Tor di Specchi, convent of, 25 and n.
Toulon (Thulon), 32.
Tourville, admiral, 12 n, 29 n.
Townshend, lord, 141 and «, 160 n.
Trees destroyed by the hurricane of

1739, 150-'
Treves, 19.

Trustees' academy, 133 n.
Tuliibardine, Wiiliam, marquis of,

179 ;/, 202 and
Tweeddale, John, marquis of, xiii, 48

and 52, 56, 157 11, 160 and ti,

181.

Tyne, the river, 1 16, 1 17.
Tynemouth, 1 17.
Tyninghame, 48 n.
Tyrol, 20.

Union between England and Scot-
land, 44, 47, 53, 56, 87, 88 ; com-
missioners appointed for a treaty of

union between England and Scot-
land, 44 ; feeling in Scotland against
the union, xiv, 5S, 64-65 ; description
of the meetings of the commis-
sioners, 60 ; the treaty signed and

! sealed, 62; the union accomplished,
6S-69 ; History of the Union, by
baron Clerk, 84, S5 and ;;, 106.
Urie, Robert, writer, 240.

j Utershill, S, 113 and n, 253.

' Utrecht, 19 ; treaty of, 88, 94 and 11,
102 and u, 163 n.

\ Utricoli, 24.

i Val. Sec Laufeldt.

Valenciennes, 34.
. Vandevelde, William, 123

Vandyck's portrait of the Pembroke
family, 1 28 and

Veitch, a surgeon, 9S

Venice, 20, 24.

Vere in Zealand, 20S

Vernon, Edward, admiral, 161 and n,
163.

"\ ersailles, 33, 34.
Vienna, xi, 20-23.
Villa Franca, 32.

Vindobala, a Roman station, 118 n.
Vitriarius, Philippus Reinhardus, 14

and n, 15, 142.
Voet, John, professor of civil law,

Leyden, 15 and 11.

Wade, George, field-marshal, 151,
i 187 and n, 190, 193.
Wager, sir Charles, 203 n.
Walker, rev. William, of Makerston,
184 and 71.

] Wallace, rev. Robert, minister of

, Moffat, 100

! Wallstone, 253.

' Walpole, Dorothy, 141

Horace, 140 and n, 142, 144.

Mary, 125

' sir Robert, 125 n, 140, 141, 142,

i 155, 156, 157 and 15S, 173.

Wanlockhead lead-mines, 165, 174.
' Watson, Charles, of Saughton, 247.
! James, of Saughton, 247.

Webb, John, architect, 129 n.

Wedderburn, James, 252.
j Wentworth, Thomas, brigadier-
general, 161 and «, 163.
I West, lieutenant, 186 n.
\ Wetham, general, 92
\ Wetherburn. Alexander, 6S
\ Wetherby, 1S7, 191.

Whale fishery, 224 and //.

Whiteford, Dr., bishop of Brechin,
100 11.

278

Slit JOHN CLEIIK'S MEMOIRS

Whiteford, Rachel, discoverer of Moffat
spa, ioo

Whitehaven, coal workings at, x, 153,

'Whithorn, xiii, 46, 55, 144.

Whitney, lieut.-col., 1S6;;.

Whittham, John, 6S«.

Wight, isle of, 15S.

Wilcox, John, bookseller, 117

Wilkie, William, merchant in Edin-
burgh, 246.

Wilkinsone. Mr., master of Lowther
school, 13S.

William of Orange, elected stadt-
holder, 20S and ;/, 216; death of,
226.

Williamson, David, 9.

rev. David, Edinburgh, 10S n.

rev. John, minister at Inveresk,

10S and n.
Wills, general, 91, 92 n.

Wilmington, earl of, 142, 156;?.
Wilson, James, tenant of Cooking,
2 53-

Wilton house, 127 and ;;, 12S n, 129.

Window tax, 206.

Windsor, 76.

Wissing, William, 123;/.

Wodrouw, Alexander, 14

Woodward, John, M.D., 127 and v.

Wool manufacturers of Scotland, 143 n.

Wooler Houghhead, 148 and 71, 166.

Woolerton house, Norfolk, 140 and 77,
141, 142.

Wright, sir Nathan, 59 n.

Wrightshouses, Edinburgh, 7 n ; pro-
prietors of, 240.

York, 187, 191.

Yorke, Philip. See Hardwick, lord.
Zealand, 13.

Printed by T. and A. Constable, Printers to Her Majesty,
at the Edinburgh University Press.

S>cottist) ffiBtatp §>oaetp*

LIST OF MEMBERS.
1891-92.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Abernethy, James, 11 Prince of Wales Terrace, Kensington,

London, W.
Adam, Sir Charles E., Bart., Blair-Adam.
Adam, Robert, Brae-Moray, Gillsland Road, Edinburgh.
Adam, Thomas, Hazelbank, Uddingston.
Adams, William, 28 Ashton Terrace, Hillhead, Glasgow.
A<mew, Alex., Procurator-Fiscal, Court-House Buildings.

Dundee.

Aikman, Andrew, 27 Buckingham Terrace, Edinburgh.

Airy, Osmund, The Laurels, Solihull, Birmingham.

Aitken, Dr. A. P., 57 Great King Street, Edinburgh.
10 Aitken, James H., GartcoAvs, Falkirk.

Alexander. William, M.D., Dundonald, Kilmarnock.

Allan, A. G., Blackfriars Haugh, Elgin.

Allan, George. Advocate, 56 Castle Street, Aberdeen.

Allen, Ladv Henrietta, Tusculum House, North Berwick.

Anderson. Archibald, 30 Oxford Square, London, W.

Anderson, Arthur, M.D., C.B., Sunny-Brae, Pitlochry.

Anderson, John, jun., Atlantic Mills, Bridgeton, Glasgow.

Andrew, Thomas, Doune, Perthshire.

Armstrong, Robert Bruce, 6 Randolph Cliff, Edinburgh.
20 Arnot, James, M.A., 57 Leamington Terrace, Edinburgh.

Arrol, William A., 11 Lynedoch Place, Glasgow.

Baird, J. G. A., Wellwood, Muirkirk.

Balfour, Right Hon. J. B., Q.C., G Rothesay Terrace, Edinburgh.
Ballingall, Hugh, Ardarroch. Dundee.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Barclay, George, 17 Coates Crescent, Edinburgh.
Barron, Rev. Douglas Gordon, Dunnottar Manse, Stonehaven.
Begg, Ferdinand Faithfull, 13 Earl's Court Square, London
S.W.

Bell, A. Beatson, Advocate, 2 Eglinton Crescent, Edinburgh.

Bell, Joseph, F.R.C.S., 2 Melville Crescent, Edinburgh.
30 Bell, Robert Fitzroy, Advocate, 7 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh.

Bell, Russell, Advocate, Kildalloig, Campbeltown.

Beveridge, Erskine, St. Leonard's Hill, Dunfermline.

Black, James Tait, S3 Palace Court, Bayswater Hill, London, W

Black, Rev. John S., 6 Oxford Terrace, Edinburgh.

Blaikie, Walter B., 11 Thistle Street, Edinburgh.

Blair, Patrick, Advocate, 4 Ardross Terrace, Inverness.

Bonar, Horatius, W.S., 15 Strathearn Place, Edinburgh.

Boyd, Sir Thomas J., 41 Moray Place, Edinburgh.

Brodie, Sir T. D., W.S., 5 Thistle Street, Edinburgh.
40 Brookman, James, W.S.. l6 Ravelston Park, Edinburgh.

Broun-Morison, J. B., of Finderlie, The Old House, Harrow
on-the-Hill.

Brown, Professor Alex. Cram, S Belgrave Crescent, Edinburgh
Brown, J. A. Harvie, Dunipace House, Larbert, Stirlingshire.
Brown, P. Hume, 25 Gillespie Crescent, Edinburgh.
Brown, Robert, Underwood Park, Paisley.
Brown, William, 26 Princes Street, Edinburgh.
Brownlie, James R., 10 Brandon PI., West George St., Glasgow
Bruce, Alex., Clyne House, Sutherland Avenue, Pollokshields.
Bruce, James, W.S., 23 St. Bernard's Crescent, Edinburgh.
50 Bruce, Hon. R. Preston. Broom Hall, Dunfermline.
Bryce, James, M.P., 54 Portland Place, London, W.
Bryce, William Moir, 5 Dick Place, Edinburgh.
Buchanan, A. W. Gray, Parkhill, Polmont, N.B.
Buchanan, T. D., M.D., 2 4 Westminster Terrace. West, Glasgow
Burns, George Stewart, D.D., 3 Westbourne Terrace, Glasgow
Burns, John William, Kilmahew, Cardross.
Burns, Rev. Thomas, 2 St. Margaret's Road, Edinburgh.
Bute, The Marquis of, Moantstuart, Isle of Bute.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Caldwell, James, Craigielea Place, Paisley.
60 Cameron, Dr. J. A., Elgin.

Cameron, Richard, 1 South St. David Street, Edinburgh.
Campbell, Rev. James, D.D., the Manse, Balmerino, Dundee.
Campbell, James A., Stracathro, Brechin.

Carne-Ross, Joseph, M.D., Parsonage Nook, Withington. Man
chester.

Carrick, J. Stewart, 58 Renfield Street, Glasgow.
Chambers, W. & R., 339 High Street, Edinburgh.
Chiene, Professor, 26 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh.
Christie, J., Breadalbane Estate Office, Ken more, Aberfeldy.
Christie, Thomas Craig, of Bedlay, Chryston, Glasgow.
70 Clark, G. Bennet, W.S., 57 Queen Street, Edinburgh.
Clark, George T., Talygarn, Llantrissant.

Clark, James, Advocate, 4 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh.
Clark, James T., Crear Villa, Ferry Road. Edinburgh.
Clark, Robert, 42 Hanover Street. Edinburgh.
Clark. Sir Thomas. Bart., 1] Melville Crescent, Edinburgh.
Clouston. T. S., M.D., Tipperlinn House, Morningside Place
Edinburgh.

Cochran-Patrick. R. W., LL.D.. of Woodside, Beith, Ayrshire.

Coldstream, John P..W.S.,6 Buckingham Terrace. Edinburgl

Constable, Archibald, 1 Nelson Street. Edinburgh.
80 Cowan, George, 1 Gillsland Road, Edinburgh.

Cowan, Hugh. St. Leonards. Ayr.

Cowan, J. J., 38 West Register Street. Edinburgh.

Cowan, John, W.S., St. Roque. Grange Loan. Edinburgh.

Cowan, John, Beeslack, Mid-Lothian.

Cowan, William, 2 Montpelier, Edinburgh.

Cox. Edward, Lyndhurst, Dundee.

Craik, James, W.S., 9 Eglinton Crescent, Edinburgh.

Crawford, Donald, M.P., 60 Pali Mall. London.

Crole, Gerard L.. Advocate. 1 Royal Circus. Edinburgh.
90 Cunningham, Geo. Miller, C.E.. 2 Ainslie Place. Edinburgh.

Cunvnghame. R. J. Blair, M.D.. IS Rothesay Place. Edinburgl

Currie, James, 16 Bernard Street. Leith.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Currie, Walter Thomson, Rankeillour, by Cupar-Fife.
Currie, W. R., 28 Holyrood Quadrant, Glasgow.
Cuthbert, Alex. A., 14 Newton Terrace, Glasgow.

Dalgleish, John* J., of Ardnamurchan, 8 Atholl Cres., Edin.
Dalrymple, Hon. Hew, Lochinch, Castle Kennedy, Wigtown-
shire.

Davidson, Hugh, Braedale, Lanark.

Davidson, J., Solicitor, Kirriemuir.
100 Davidson, Thomas, 339 High Street, Edinburgh.

Davies, J. Mair, C.A., Sheiling, Pollokshields, Glasgow.

Dickson, Thomas, LL.D., Register House, Edinburgh.

Dickson, Dr. Walter G. W., 3 Royal Circus, Edinburgh.

Dickson, William K., Advocate, 19 Dundas Street, Edinburgh.

Dickson, Wm. Traquair, W.S., 11 Hill Street, Edinburgh.

Dixon, John H., Inveran, Poolewe, by Dingwall.

Doak, Rev. Andrew, M.A., 15 Queen's Road, Aberdeen.

Dodds, Rev. James, D.D., The Manse, Corstorphine.

Dods, Colonel P., United Service Club, Edinburgh.
110 Donald, C. D., 172 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.

Donaldson, James, LL.D., Principal, St. Andrews University.

Donaldson, James, Sunnyside, Formby, Liverpool.

Douglas, Hon. and Right Rev. A. G., Bishop of Aberdeen and
Orkney, Aberdeen.

Douglas, David, 9 Castle Street, Edinburgh.

Dowden, Right Rev. John, D.D., Bishop of Edinburgh, Lynn
House, Gillsland Road, Edinburgh.

Duff, T. Gordon, Drummuir, Keith.

Duncan, James Barker, W.S., 6 Hill Street, Edinburgh.
Duncan, John, National Bank, Haymarket, Edinburgh.
Dundas, Ralph, C.S., 28 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh.
120 Dunn, Robert Hunter, Belgian Consulate, Glasgow.

Easton, Walter, 125 Buchanan Street, Glasgow.
Ewart, Prof. Cossar, 2 Belford Park, Edinburgh.

Faulds, A. Wilson, Knockbuckle, Beith, Ayrshire.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Ferguson, James, Advocate, 10 Wemyss Place, Edinburgh.
Ferguson, John, Town Clerk, Linlithgow.
Ferguson, Rev. John, Manse, Aberdalgie, Perth.
Findlay, J. Ritchie, 3 Rothesay Terrace, Edinburgh.
Findlay, Rev. Win,, The Manse, Saline, Fife.
Firth, Charles Harding, 33 Norham Road, Oxford.
130 Fleming, D. Hay, lC North Bell Street, St. Andrews.
Fleming, J. S., 16 Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh.
Flint, Prof , D.D., LL.D., Johnstone Lodge, Craigmillar Park,
Edinburgh.

Forrest, James R. P., 32 Broughton Place, Edinburgh.

Forrester, John, 29 Windsor Street, Edinburgh.

Foulis, James, M.D., 34 Heriot Row, Edinburgh.

Fraser, Professor A. Campbell, D.C.L., LL.D., Gorton

House, Hawthornden.
Fraser, W. N., S.S.C., 41 Albany Street, Edinburgh.

Gairdxer, Charles, Broom, Newton-Mearns, Glasgow.

Galletly, Edwin G., 7 St. Ninian's Terrace, Edinburgh.
140 Gardner, Alexander, 7 Gilmour Street, Paisley.

Gartshore, Miss Murray, Ravelston, Blackball, Edinburgh.

Geikie, Sir Archibald, LL.D., Geological Survey, 28 Jermyn
Street, London, S.W.

Geikie, Prof. James, LL.D., 31 Merchiston Avenue,Edinburgh.

Gemmill, William, 62 Bath Street, Glasgow.

Gibson, Andrew, 3 Morrison Street, Govan.

Gibson, James T., LL.B., W.S., 28 St. Andrew Sq., Edinburgh.

Giles, Arthur. 107 Princes Street, Edinburgh.

Gillies, Walter, M.A., The Academy, Perth.

Gordon, Rev. Robert, Mayfield Gardens, Edinburgh.
150 Goudie, Gilbert, F.S.A. Scot., 39 Northumberland Street,
Edinburgh.

Goudie, James Tulloch, Oakleigh Park, Nithsdale Drive,

Pollokshields.
Goudie, Robert, Commissary Clerk of Ayrshire. Ayr.
Gourlay, Robert, Bank of Scotland. Glasgow.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Gow, Leonard, Hayston, Kelvinside, Glasgow.
Graeme, Lieut-Col., Naval and Military Club, 94 Piccadilly,
London.

Grahame, James, 93 Hope Street, Glasgow.
Grant, William G. L., Woodside, East Newport, Fife.
Gray, George, Clerk of the Peace, Glasgow.
Greig, Andrew, 36 Belmont Gardens, Hillhead, Glasgow.
160 Gunning, His Excellency Robert Haliday, M.D., 12 Addison
Crescent, Kensington, London, W.
Guthrie, Charles J., Advocate, 13 Royal Circus, Edinburgh.
Guy, Robert, 120 West Regent Street, Glasgow.

Halkett, Miss Katherine E., 2 Edinburgh Terrace,. Kensing-
ton, London, W.
Hall, David, Elmbank House, Kilmarnock.
Hallen, Rev. A. W. Cornelius, The Parsonage, Alloa.
Hamilton, Hubert, Advocate, 55 Manor Place, Edinburgh.
Hamilton, Lord, of Dalzell, Motherwell.
Hamilton-Ogilvy, Henry T. N, Prestonkirk.
Harrison, John, 36 North Bridge, Edinburgh.
170 Hedderwick, A. W. H., 79 St. George's Place, Gl asgow.
Henderson, J. G. B., Nether Parkley, Linlithgow.
H enderson, Joseph, 11 Blythswood Square, Glasgow.
Henry, David, 2 Lockhart Place, St. Andrews, Fife.
Hewison, Rev. J. King, The Manse, Rothesay.
Hill, William H., LL.D., Barlanark, Shettleston, Glasgow.
Hislop, Robert, Solicitor, Auchterarder.
Hogg, John, 66 Chancery Street, Boston, U.S.
Honeyman, John, A.R.S.A., 140 Bath Street, Glasgow.
Howden, Charles R. A., Advocate, 25 Melville Street, Edin-
burgh.

180 Hunt, John, Fingarry, Milton of Campsie, Glasgow.
Hunter, Colonel, F.R.S., of Plas Coch, Anglesea.
Hutcheson, Alexander, Herschel House, Broughty Ferry.
Hutchison, John, D.D., Afton Lodge, Bonnington.
Hyslop, J. M., M.D., 22 Palmerston Place, Edinburgh.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Imrie, Rev. T. Nairxe, Dunfermline.

Jameson, J. H., W.S., 3 Northumberland Street, Edinburgh.
Jamieson, George AuldjOj C.A., 37 Drumsheugh Gardens,
Edinburgh.

Jamieson, J. Auldjo, W.S., 14 Buckingham Ter., Edinburgh.
Japp, William, Solicitor, Alyth.
190 Johnston, David, 2-i Huntly Gardens, Kelvinside, Glasgow.
Johnston, George Harvey, 6 Osborne Terrace, Edinburgh.
Johnston, George P., 33 George Street. Edinburgh.
Johnston, T. Morton, Eskhill, Roslin.

Johnstone, James F. Kellas, 3 Broad Street Buildings. Liver-
pool Street, London.
Jonas, Alfred Charles, Poundfald, Penclawdd, Swansea.

Kemp, D. William. Ivy Lodge, Trinity. Edinburgh.
Kennedy, David H. C, 69 St. George s Place, Glasgow.
Kermack, John. W.S., 10 Atholl Crescent, Edinburgh.
Kincairnev, The Hon. Lord, 6 Heriot Row, Edinburgh.
200 Kinnear, The Plon. Lord, 2 Moray Place, Edinburgh.

Kirkpatrick, Prof. John, LL.B., Advocate, 24- Alva Street,
Edinburgh.

Kirkpatrick, Robert, 1 Queen Square. Strathbungo, Glasgow.

Laidlaw.David, jun. , 6 Marlborough Ter., Kelvinside, Glasgow.

Laing, Alex.. Norfolk House, St. Leonards, Sussex.

Lang, James. 9 Crown Gardens, Dowanhill. Glasgow.

Langwill. Robert B., Manse. Currie.

Laurie, Professor S. S., Nairne Lodge. Duddingston.

Law, James F. . Seaview, Monineth.

Law. Thomas Graves, Signet Library, Edinburgh, Secretary.
210 Leadbetter, Thomas, 122 George Street, Edinburgh.
Leslie, Lieut.-Colonel, Cameron Highlanders, Malta.
Livingston, E. B., 9 Gracechurch Street, London, E.C.
Lorimer, George, 2 Abbotsford Crescent, Edinburgh.

Macadam. W. Ivi>ox. Slioeh.Lady Road. Newington, Edinburgh.
Macandrew, Sir Henry C, Aisthorpe, Midmills Road, Inverness.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Macbrayne, David, Jun., 17 Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow.
M'Call, James, F.S.A., 6 St. John's Ter., Hillhead, Glasgow.
M-'Candlish, John M., W.S. 27 Drumsheugh Gar., Edinburgh.
M'Cosh, J. M v Cl)'desdale Bank, Dairy, Ayrshire.
220 Macdonald, James, W.S., 4 Greenhill Park, Edinburgh.
Macdonald, W. Rae, 1 Forres Street, Edinburgh.
Macdougall, James Patten, Advocate, l6 Lynedoch Place,
Edinburgh.

M'Ewen, W. C, W.S., 2 Rothesay Place, Edinburgh.
Macfarlane, George L., Advocate, 14 Moray Place, Edinburgh.
Macgeorge, B. B., 19 Woodside Crescent, Glasgow.
Macgregor, John, W.S., 10 Dundas Street, Edinburgh.
M'Grigor, Alexander, 172 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Macintyre, P. M., Advocate, 12 India Street, Edinburgh.
Mackay, .Eneas J. G., LL.D., 7 Albyn Place, Edinburgh.
230 Mackay, Rev. G. S., M.A., Free Church Manse, Doune.
Mackay, James F., W.S., Whitehouse, Cramond.
Mackay, James R., 37 St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh.
Mackay, John.

Mackay, Thomas, 14 Wetherby Place, South Kensington,

London, S.W.
Mackay, Thomas A., 14 Henderson Row, Edinburgh.
Mackay, William, Solicitor, Inverness.
Mackenzie, A., St. Catherines, Paisley.
Mackenzie, David J., Sheriff-Substitute, Wick.
Mackenzie, Thomas, M.A., Sheriff-Substitute of Ross, Old

Bank, Golspie.

240 Mackinlay, David, 6 Great Western Terrace, Glasgow.
Mackinnon, Professor, 1 Merchiston Place, Edinburgh.
Mackinnon, Sir W., Bart., 203 West George Street, Glasgow.
Mackinnon, William, 115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.
Mackintosh, Charles Fraser, 5 Clarges Street, London, W.
Mackintosh, W. F., 27 Commerce Street, Arbroath.
Maclachan, John, W.S., 12 Abercromby Place, Edinburgh.
Maclagan, Prof. Sir Douglas, M.D., 28 Heriot Row, Edinburgh.
Maclagan, Robert Craig, M.D. . .■"> Coates Crescent. Edinburgh.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Maclauchlan, John, Albert Institute, Dundee.
50 Maclean, Sir Andrew, Viewfield House, Balshagray, Partick,
Glasgow.

Maclean, William C, F.R.G.S., 31 Camperdown Place, Great
Yarmouth.

Maclehose, James J., 6l St. Vincent Street. Glasgow.

Macleod, Rev. Walter, 112 Thirlestane Road, Edinburgh.

Macniven, John, 138 Princes Street, Edinburgh.

M'Phee, Donald, Oakfield, Fort William.

Macray, Rev. W. D., Bodleian Library, Oxford.

Macritchie, David, 4 Archibald Place, Edinburgh.

Main, W. D.j 128 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow.

Makellar, Rev. William, S Charlotte Square, Edinburgh.
60 Marshall, John, Caldergrove. Newton, Lanarkshire.

Martin, John, W.S., 19 Chester Street, Edinburgh.

Marwick, Sir J. D., LL.D., Killermont Ho., Maryhill, Glasgow.

Masson, Professor David, LL.D., 58 Gt. King St., Edinburgh.

Mathieson, Thomas A., 3 Grosvenor Terrace, Glasgow.

Maxwell, W. J., M.P.j Terraughtie, Dumfries.

Millar. Alexander H., Rosslyn House, Clepington Rd., Dundee.

Miller, P., 8 Bellevue Terrace, Edinburgh.

Milligan, John, W.S., 10 Carlton Terrace, Edinburgh.

Milne, A. & R., Union Street, Aberdeen.
!70 Mitchell, Rev. Professor Alexander, D.D., University, St.
Andrews.

Mitchell, Sir Arthur, K.C.B., M.D., LL.D., 34- Drummond

Place. Edinburgh.
Mitchell, James, 24-0 Darnley Street, Pollokshields, Glasgow.
Moncrieff, W. G. Scott, Advocate, Weedingshall Ho., Polmont.
Moffatt, Alexander, 23 Abercromby Place, Edinburgh.
Moffatt, Alexander, jun.. LL.B., Advocate, 45 Northumberland

Street, Edinburgh.
Morice, Arthur D., Fonthill Road. Aberdeen.
Morison, John, 11 Burnbank Gardens. Glasgow.
Morries-Stirling, J. M., Gogar House, Stirling.
Morrison, Hew, 7 Hermitage Terrace. Morningside.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

280 Morton, Charles, W.S., 11 Palmerston Road, Edinburgh.
Muir, James, 27 Huntly Gardens, Dowanhill, Glasgow.
Muirhead, James, 10 Doune Gardens, Kelvinside, Glasgow.
Murdoch,, Rev. A. D., All Saints'' Parsonage, Edinburgh.
Murdoch, J. B., of Capelrig, Mearns, Renfrewshire.
Murray, Rev. Allan F., M.A., Free Church Manse, Tor-

phichen, Bathgate.
Murray, David, 1 69 West George Street, Glasgow.

Norfor, Robert T., C.A., 30 South Morningside Drive, Edin-
burgh.

Oliver, James, Thornwood, Hav.ick.

Orrock, Archibald, 17 St. Catherine's Place. Edinburgh.

290 Panton, George A., F.R.S.E., 73 Westfield Road, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.

Paton, Allan Park, Greenock Library, Watt Monument,
Greenock.

Paton, Henry, M.A., 15 Myrtle Terrace, Edinburgh.

Patrick, David, 339 High Street. Edinburgh.

Paul. J. Balfour, Advocate, Lyon King of Arms, 32 Great

King Street. Edinburgh.
Paul, Rev. Robert, F.S.A. Scot., Dollar.

Pearson, David Ritchie, M.D., 23 Upper Phillimore Place,

Phillimore Gardens, London. W.
Pillans, Hugh H., 12 Dryden Place, Edinburgh.
Pollock, Hugh, 25 Carlton Place. Glasgow.
Prentice, A. R., IS Kilblain Street, Greenock.
300 Pullar, Robert, Tayside, Perth.

Purves, A. P., W.S., Esk Tower. Lasswade.

Rampini, Charles, LL.D., Advocate, Springfield House, Elgin.
Rankin e, John, Advocate, Professor of Scots Law, 23 Ainslie

Place, Edinburgh.
Reichel, H. R., University College, Bangor, North Wales.
Reid, Alexander George, Solicitor. Auchterarder.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Reid, H. G., 11 Cromwell Cres., S. Kensington, London, S.W.
Reid, John Alexander, Advocate, 11 Royal Circus, Edinburgh.
Renwick, Robert, Depute Town-Clerk, City Chambers, Glasgow.
Richardson, Ralph, W.S., Commissary Office, 2 Parliament
Square, Edinburgh.
10 Ritchie, David, Hopeville. Dowanhill Gardens, Glasgow.
Ritchie, R. Peel, M.D., 1 Melville Crescent, Edinburgh.
Roberton, James D., 1 Park Terrace East, Glasgow,
Robertson, D. Argyll, M.D., IS Charlotte Square, Edinburgh.
Robertson, J. Stewart, W.S., Edradynate, Ballinluig.
Robertson, John, Elmslea, Dundee.

Robson, William, Marchholm, Gillsland Road, Edinburgh.
Rogerson, John J., LEB., Merchiston Castle, Edinburgh.
Rosebery, The Earl of, E.G., Dalmeny Park, Linlithgowshire.
Ross, T. S.j Balgillo Terrace, Broughty Ferry.
520 Ross, Rev. William, LL.D., 7 Grange Terrace, Edinburgh.
Ross, Rev. William, The Manse, Polmont.
Roy, William G., S.S.C., 2S Broughton Place, Edinburgh.
Russell, John, 7 Seton Place, Edinburgh.

Scott, Rev. Archibald, D.D., 10 Rothesay Place, Edinburgh.
Scott, John, C.B., Seafield, Greenock.
Shaw, David, W.S., 1 Thistle Court, Edinburgh.
Shaw, Rev. R. D., B.D., 21 Lauder Road, Edinburgh.
Shaw, Thomas, M. P., Advocate, 1 7 Abercromby PI., Edinburgh.
Shiell, John, 5 Bank Street, Dundee.
330 Shiells, Robert, National Bank of Neenah, Neenah, Wisconsin.
Simpson, Prof. A. R., 5i! Queen Street, Edinburgh.
Simpson, Sir W. G., Bart., Stoneshiel Hall, Reston. Berwick-
shire.

Simson, D. J.. Advocate, 3 Glennnlas Street, Edinburgh.
Sinclair, Alexander, Glasgow Herald Office, Glasgow.
Skelton, John, Advocate, C.B.. LL.D., the Hermitage of

Braid, Edinburgh.
Skene, W. F., D.C.L., LL.D., 27 Inverleith Row, Edinburgh.
Skinner, William, W.S., 35 George Square, Edinburgh.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Smart, William, M.A., Nunholm, Dowanhill, Glasgow.
Smith, G. Gregory, M.A., 9 Warrender Park Cres., Edinburgh.
340 Smith, Rev. G. Mure, 6 Clarendon Place, Stirling.

Smith, Rev. R. Nimmo, Manse of the First Charge, Haddington.
Smith, Robert, 24 Meadowside, Dundee.
Smythe, David M., Methven Castle, Perth.
Sprott, Rev. Dr., The Manse, North Berwick.
Stair, Earl of, Oxenfoord Castle, Dalkeith.
Steele, W. Cunninghame, Advocate, 21 Drummond Place,
Edinburgh.

Stevenson, J. H., Advocate, 10 Albyn Place, Edinburgh.

Stevenson, Rev. Robert, M.A., The Abbey, Dunfermline.

Stevenson, T. G., 22 Frederick Street, Edinburgh.
350 Stevenson. William. Towerbank. Lenzie, by Glasgow.

Stewart, Major-General Shaw. 6 1 Lancaster Gate, London, W.

Stewart, James R., 31 George Square, Edinburgh.

Stewart, R. K., Murdostoun Castle, Xewmains, Lanarkshire.

Stewart, Prof. T. Grainger, M.D., lp Charlotte Sq., Edinburgh.

Stirling, Major C. C. Graham, Craigbarnet, Haughhead of
Campsie, Glasgow.

Strathallan, Lord, Carlton Club, Pall Mall, London, S.W.

Strathern. Robert, W.S., 12 South Charlotte St., Edinburgh.

Strathmore, Earl of. Glamis Castle, Glamis.

Stuart, Surgeon-Major G. B., 7 Carlton Street, Edinburgh.
360 Sturrock. James S., W.S., 110 George Street, Edinburgh.

Sutherland, James B.. S.S.C., 10 Windsor Street, Edinburgh.

Tavlor, Benjamin. 10 Derby Crescent. Kelvinside, Glasgow.
Taylor, Rev. Malcolm C, D.D., Professor of Church History,

6 Greenhill Park, Edinburgh.
Telford, Rev. W. H., Free Church Manse, Reston, Berwickshire.
Tennant. Sir Charles, Bart., The Glen, Innerleithen.
Thorns, George H. M., Advocate, 13 Charlotte Sq., Edinburgh.
Thomson, John Comrie, Advocate, 30 Mora)' Place, Edinburgh.
Thomson. Rev. John Henderson, Free Church Manse,

Hiirhtae. bv Lockerbie.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Thomson, John Maitland, Advocate, 10 Wemyss PL, Edinburgh.
370 Thomson, Lockhart, S.S.C., 114 George Street, Edinburgh.
Thorbum, Robert Macfie, Uddevalla, Sweden.
Trail, John A., W.S., 30 Drummond Place, Edinburgh.
Trayner, The Hon. Lord, 27 Moray Place, Edinburgh.
Tuke, John Batty, M.D., 20 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh.
Tweedale, Mrs., Milton Hall, Milton, Cambridge.
Tweeddale, Marquis of, Yester, Gifford, Haddington.

Underhill, Charles E., M.D., S Coates Crescent, Edinburgh.

Veitch, Professor, LL.D., 4 The College, Glasgow.

Waddel, Alexander, Royal Bank, Calton, Glasgow.
380 Walker, Alexander, 64 Hamilton Place, Aberdeen.

Walker, James, Hanley Lodge, Corstorphine.

Walker, Louson, Westhorpe, Greenock.

Walker, Robert, M.A., University Library, Aberdeen.

Wannop, Rev. Canon, Parsonage, Haddington.

Watson, D., Hillside Cottage, Hawick.

Watson, James, Myskyns, Ticehurst, Hawkhurst.

Waugh, Alexander, National Bank, Newton-Stewart, N.B.

Weld-French, A. D., Union Club, Boston, U.S.

Will, J. C. Ogilvie, M.D., 379 Union Street, Aberdeen.
390 Wilson, Rev. J. Skinner, 4 Duke Street, Edinburgh.

Wilson, John J., Clydesdale Bank, Penicuik.

Wilson, Robert, Procurator-Fiscal, County Buildings, Hamilton.

Wood, Mrs. Christina S., Woodburn, Gahishiels.

Wood, Prof. J. P., W.S., 16 Buckingham Terrace, Edinburgh.

Wood, W. A., C.A., 11 Clarendon Crescent, Edinburgh.

Wordie, John, 49 West Nile Street, Glasgow.

Young, David, Town Clerk, Paisley.

Young, A. J., Advocate, 60 Great King Street, Edinburgh.
Young, J. W., W.S., 22 Royal Circus, Edinburgh.
400 Young, William Laurence, Solicitor. Auchterarder.

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

PUBLIC LIBRARIES.

Aberdeen Free Public Library.
Aberdeen University Library.
All Souls' College, Oxford.
Antiquaries, Society of, Edinburgh.

Baillie's Institution Free Library, -iS Miller St., Glasgow.

Berlin Royal Library.

Bodleian Library, Oxford.

Boston Athenaeum.

Boston Public Library.
10 British Museum.

Cambridge University Library.

Copenhagen (Bibliotheque Royale).

Dollar Institution.

Dundee Free Library.

Edinburgh Public Library.

Edinburgh University Library.

Free Church College Library, Edinburgh.

Free Church College Library, Glasgow.

Glasgow University Library.
20 Gray's Inn, Hon. Society of, London.

Harvard College Library, Cambridge, Mass.

Leeds Subscription Library.

London Corporation Library, Guildhall.

London Library, 12 St. James Square.

Manchester Public Free Library.

Mitchell Library, Glasgow.

National Liberal Club, London.

National Library of Ireland.

Nottingham Free Public Library.
SO Ottawa Parliamentary Library.

Paisley Philosophical Institution.

Philosophical Institution. Edinburgh.

Procurators, Faculty of. Glasgow.

Royal College of Physicians. Edinburgh.

St. Andrews University Library.

Sheffield Free Public Library.

Signet Library. Edinburgh.

Solicitors. Society of. before the Supreme Court, Edinburgh.
Speculative Society, Edinburgh.
40 Stonyhurst College, Blackburn, Lancashire.
Sydney Free Library.
Vienna. Library of the R. I. University.

REPORT OF THE FIFTH ANNUAL
MEETING OF THE
SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY

The Fifth Axxual Meeting of the Society was held on
Tuesday, October 27, 1891, at DowelPs Rooms, George Street,
Edinburgh, — Sheriff" Mackay in the Chair.

The Secretary read the lleport of the Council as follows : —
The Council regrets that Majors History of Greater Britain,
and two other volumes now due to Members, are not yet ready
for issue. The annotations to Majors book have demanded
considerable care, and have involved researches which could
not be hurried. All, however, but a few pages of the text, and
all of the introduction, are in type, and it may confidently be
stated that the volume, extending to over 500 pages, will be
in the hands of Members within a month from this date.

The first volume of the Minutes of 'the Commission of the
General Assem bly (1646-1662), edited by Professor Mitchell
and Dr. Christie, only awaits the completion of the Index and
Professor Mitchell's Preface. It is hoped it will be issued with
Major s History.

Owing to a variety of causes Mr. J. M. Gray has been
unable to fulfil his promise to edit the Diary of Sir John Cleric
of Penicuik for this year. It will, however, form one of the
Society's publications for next year. Meanwhile, to take its

place, the Rev. D. G. Barron has pushed forward the prepara-
tion of the Court Book of the Barony of Uric. A portion of
this work is already in type, and the whole will be published in
a few months, when all the arrears of the Society will be
cleared off.

Another book of importance not hitherto brought before
the notice of the General Meeting is ready for press, and will
form the first publication belonging to the issue of 1891-92.
It will be entitled The Jacobite Rising" of 1719, which rising
ended in the battle of Glenshiel, in Ross-shire. It lias
hitherto been an obscure episode in Scottish history, and the
correspondence in the forthcoming volume will, it is believed,
throw fresh light upon it. The correspondence, which is
partly in French and partly in English, consists of letters
written by James, second Duke of Ormonde, with regard to the
projected Spanish invasion of Great Britain in the interest of
the Stuarts in 1719. The existence of these letters was only
made known to the public by their description in an auction
catalogue of Messrs. Sothebv, in which the volume containing
them, entitled " The Alberoni MS.,' was offered for sale, and
eventually was acquired by the British Museum. The Council
took steps, with the kind co-operation of the authorities of
the Museum, to have the letters transcribed at once, and Mr.
John Russell undertook to prepare them for publication.

In view of its historical importance it was thought that
this work should take precedence of the other projected publi-
cations of the Society. The volume contains 199 letters
addressed to the Chevalier James, to Cardinal Alberoni, the
Duke of Mar, and others, by the Duke of Ormonde, between
November 4, 1718, and September 27. 1719. written mostly
from various towns in Spain, or from on board the Spanish
Fleet. A few of the letters refer to the project of Charles xn.
of Sweden, who had arranged with Alberoni to land in
Britain at the head of 10.000 Swedish troops.

.'3

Mr. A. G. Ileid of Auchterarder will shortly have ready
for the press his Diary of Andrew Hay of Craigncthan Castle,
1659-60, for which the introduction and most of the notes
are already written.

Fresh matter offered for publication by the Society is under
the consideration of the Council. The Rev. Robert Paul pro-
poses to edit a collection of letters of the Honourable Sir
Charles Erskine of Alva, written from London chiefly to his
wife, the daughter of the Lord Advocate, Sir Thomas Hope of
Craighall, in the years 1644-47, when Sir Charles was concerned
with the business of the Commissioners to the Westminster
Assembly of Divines.

Colonel H. W. Feilden of Wells, Norfolk, also offers a por-
tion of the Correspondence of the Earl of Albemarle during
the month of August 1746, containing some interesting parti-
culars regarding the suppression of the Jacobite rising of that
date.

The publications of the Society continue to be highly prized.

There have been intimated during the year eight vacancies
by death or resignation, and when these have been filled up there
remain about twenty candidates still waiting for admission.

A vacancy in the Council occurs through the death of Mr.
T. G. Murray, and two Members retire, viz., Mr. J. R. Findlay
and Dr. Dickson.

The Council proposes to the Society that the vacant places
should be filled by the re-election of Mr. J. R. Findlay, and by
the appointment of Mr. F. Hume Brown and Mr. Gregory
Smith.

In the absence of Mr. Ralph Richardson, Mr. John
Milligan, W.S., has kindly consented to act as auditor along
with Mr. Traquair Dickson.

The accompanying Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts
shows that the income for 1890-91 has been J?490, 13s. 7d.,
and the expenditure i°410, 10s. 2d., leaving a balance for the

year in favour of the Society of £80, 3s. 5d. The Reserve
Fund of .~{?;300 remains intact.

The Cir.UKMA.Y, in moving the adoption of the Report, sug-
gested that new matter for publication might be found if
search were made in the archives of the chief towns of the
Continent for documents relating to Scottish history, and that
valuable memorials might exist in the Colonies, in the shape
of journals of early Scottish settlers.

The Report having been adopted, Mr. J. Balfour Paul,
Lyon King of Arms, moved ' That the Council of the Scottish
History Society would respectfully represent to the University
Commissioners the importance of recognising the special claims
of historical study, and particularly the study of the history of
the Briti>h Islands, in the arrangements they may make for
future teaching and graduation in the Scottish Universities.'
Professor KikkpAtiuck, in seconding the resolution, dwelt on
the impossibility of any one man teaching more than one
branch of what he (the Professor) considered the greatest of
all educational subjects. He contrasted the high place given
to historical study in the universities of Germanv and Italy
with the little attention paid to it in this country, and expressed
his hope that the Commissioners would see their way to found-
ing a more complete Chair of History in the Universities.

The Resolution was agreed to, and it was further decided to
send copies of it to all the University Councils of Scotland.

ABSTRACT OF HON. TREASURER'S
ACCOUNTS

For Year to 22c/ October 1891.

I. — Charge.

Balance from last year, .
19 Subscriptions in arrear for 1SS9-90, .
400 Subscriptions for 1890-91 at

£l, Is., £420 0 0

Less 26 in arrear for IS 90-91, • • • 27 6 0

38 Libraries at £l, Is.,

Copies of previous issues sold to new Members,
Interest on Bank Account, . . £0 17 1
„ Deposit Receipts, . 13 13 0

Sum of Charge, . £629 19 9

£139 6 2
19 19 0

592 14 0
39 IS 0
23 12 6

14 10

II. — Discharge.

I. Incidental Expenses —

Printing Circulars and Cards, . £6 15 6
„ Annual Report of Council, I 6 G
„ List of Subscribers, . . 1 10 0

Stationery, . . . • .-10

Carry forward,

£11 13 0

ulUUi^lll 1 U 1 >> ell W ,

-Pi i

1 Q
1 o

1 O

o
O

Postages of Secretary and Treasurer

, 4

Clerical work

Charges on Cheques,

Hire of Ptoom for Meeting, 1889

and 1890, .

. Index to List of Rebels —

Composition, Presswork, and

Paper, ....

£12

Proofs and Corrections,

Binding, .....

Addressing Labels for Post,

III. Major's History, Expenses to Date —
Composition, Presswork, and

Paper, £s6 11 (i

Proofs and Corrections, . . 36 12 0
Transcribing, . . . . 15 0

IV. Acts and Proceedings of General
Assembly, Expenses to Date —
Composition, Presswork, and

Paper,

. £116

Proofs and Corrections,

Transcribing,

V. Court Bool: of Barony of Uric —
Expenses to date, .

VI. Glamis Papers —
Outlays by Editor,

VII. Craig's De Unione —

Transcribing, ....

VIII. Ormonde Letters —

Transcribing. ....

£36 3 10

15 16 10

124 S 6

193 13 0

6 2 0

14 6 0
5 0 0

15 0 0

Carry forward, £410 10 2

Brought forward,

£410 10 2

IX. Balance to next Account —

Sum due by Bank of Scotland as

at 22d October 1891, .
Less 3 Subscriptions for ISO 1-92

paid in advance,

£222 12 7

3 0

210 9 7

Sum of Discharge,

£629 19 9

Edinburgh, %9th October 1891. — Having examined the Accounts
of the Treasurer of the Scottish History Society for year to 22d
October 1891, we have found the same correctly stated and
sufficiently vouched, and that the balance in Bank at the close of
the Account amounts to Two hundred and twenty-two pounds,
twelve shillings, and seven pence stg., whereof Three guineas

represent subscriptions paid in advance.

WM. TRAQUAIR DICKSON, Auditor.
J. MILLIGAN, Auditor.

g>totttst) tytstovy t>octetp-

THE EXECUTIVE.

President.
The Earl of Rosebery, K.G.

Chairman of Council.

David Massox, LL.D., Professor of English Literature,
Edinburgh University.

Council.

J. Balfour Paul, Esq., Lyon King of Arras.

A. H. Millar, Esq., Dundee.

J. Pi. Fixdlav, Esq.

P. Hume Brown, M.A.

G. Gregory Smith, M.A.

J. Fergusox, Esq., Advocate.

Right Rev. Jonx Dowdex. D.D., Bishop of Edinburgh.
./Eneas J. G. Mackay, LL.D., Sheriff of Fife.
John Russell, Esq.

Sir Arthur Mitchell, K.C.B., M.D., LL.D.
Rev. Geo. W. Sprott, D.D.
Piev. A. W. Cornelius Hallex.

Corresponding Members of the Council.

Osmund Airy, Esq., Birmingham ; Rev. W. D. Macray, Oxford ;
Professor A. F. Mitchell, D.D., St. Andrews ; Professor
J. Veitch, LL.D., Glasgow ; C. H. Firtii, Esq., Oxford.

Hon. Treasurer.
J. T. Clark, Keeper of the Advocates' Library.

Hon. Secretwy.
T. G. Law, Librarian, Signet Library.

RULES

1. The object of the Society is the discovery and printing, under
selected editorship, of unpublished documents illustrative of the civil,
religious, and social history of Scotland. The Society will also under-
take, in exceptional cases, to issue translations of printed works of a
similar nature, which have not hitherto been accessible in English.

2. The number of Members of the Society shall be limited to 400.

3. The affairs of the Society shall be managed by a Council, consisting
of a Chairman, Treasurer, Secretary, and twelve elected Members, five
to make a quorum. Three of the twelve elected Members shall retire
annually by ballot, but they shall be eligible for re-election.

•i. The Annual Subscription to the Society shall be One Guinea. The
publications of the Society shall not be delivered to any Member whose
Subscription is in arrear, and no Member shall be permitted to receive
more than one copy of the Society's publications.

5. The Society will undertake the issue of its own publications, i.e.
without the intervention of a publisher or any other paid airent.

(I. The Society will issue yearly two octavo volumes of about 320 paces
each.

7. An Annual General Meeting of the Society shall be held on the
last Tuesday in October.

8. Two stated Meetings of the Council shall be held each year, one on
the last Tuesday of May, the other on the Tuesday preceding the day
upon which the Annual General Meeting shall be held. The Secretary,
on the request of three Members of the Council, shall call a special
meeting of the Council.

9. Editors shall receive 20 copies of each volume they edit for the
Society.

10. The owners of Manuscripts published by the Society will also be
presented with a certain number of copies.

11. The Annual Balance-Sheet. Rules, and List of Members shall be
printed.

12. No alteration shall be made in these Rules except at a General
Meeting of the Society. A fortnight's notice of any alteration to be
proposed shall be given to the Members of the Council.

PUBLIC A T IONS

For the year 1886-1887.
Bishop Pococke's Tours in Scotland, 1747-17(30. Edited by
D. W. Kemp. (Oct. 1SS7.)

Diary of and General Expenditure Book of William
Cunningham of Craigends, l673 7 l680. Edited by the Rev.
James Dodds, D.D. (Oct. 1SS7.)

For the year 1887-1888.

PANURGl PHILO-CABALLI SCOTI GRAMEIDOS L1BRI SEX. ThE

Grameid : an heroic poem descriptive of the Campaign of
Viscount Dundee in 1689, by James Philip of Almerieclose.
Translated and Edited by the Rev. A. D. Murdoch.

(Oct. 1SS8.)

The Register of the Kirk-Sessicn of St. Andrews. Part i.
1559-1582. Edited by D. Hay Fleming. (Feb. 1889.)

For the year 1888-1889.

Diary of the Rev. John Mill. Minister of Dunrossness, Sand-
wiek, and CumTingsburgh, in Shetland, 1740-1803. Edited
by Gilbert Goudie, F.S.A. Scot. (June 1889.)

Narrative of Mr. James Ximmo, a Covenanter, 16.54-1709.
Edited by W. G. Scott-Moncrieff, Advocate. (June 18S9.)

The Register of the Kirk-Session of St. Andrews. Part n.
15SS-1G00. Edited by D. Hay Fleming. (Aug. K c :p0.)

For the year 1889-1890.

A List of Person- concerned in the Rebellion (1745). With
a Preface by the Earl of Rosebery and Annotations by the
Rev. Walter Macleod. (Sept. 1S90.)

Presented to the Society ly the Earl of Rosebery.

Glamis Papers: The ' Book of Record,' a Diary written by
Patrick, first Earl of Stratiimore, and other documents
relating to Glamis Castle (1684-89). Edited by A. H.
Millar, F.S.A. Scot. (Sept. 1S90.)

. John Major's History of Greater Britain (1521). Trans-
lated and Edited by Archibald Con-table, with a Life of the
author by -Eneas J. G. Mackay, Advocate. (Feb. 1S92.)

PUBLICATIONS

For the year 1890-1891.

11. The Records of the Commissions of the General Assemblies,

164*6-47. Edited by the Rev. Professor Mitchell, D.D., and
the Rev. James Christie, D. D., with an Introduction by the
former. (May 1892:)

12. Court-Book of the Barony of Urie, 1604-1747. Edited
by the Rev. D. G. Barron, from a ms. in possession of Mr. R.
Barclay of Dorking. (October 1892.J

Fur the year 1891-1892.

13. Memoirs of the Life of Sir John Clerk of Penicuik,
Baronet, Baron of the Exchequer, Commissioner of the Union,
etc. Extracted by himself from his own Journals, 1 676-1755.
Edited from the original ms. in Penicuik House by John M.
Gray, F.S.A. Scot. (December 1 892.)

The Jacobite Rising of 1719- Letter Book of James, Second
Duke of Ormonde, Nov. 4, 1718 — Sept. 27, 1719- Edited
by John Russell. {In active progress.)

To be issued for the year 1892-1893.

Diary of Col. the Hon. John Erskine of Carnock, 16S3-16S7.
From a ms. in possession of Henry David Erskine, Esq.. of
Cardross. Edited by the Rev. Walter Macleod.

The Diaries or Account Books of Sir John Foulis of Ravelston,
(1679-1707), and the Account Book of Dame Hannah Erskine
(1675-1699). Edited by the Rev. A. W. Cornelius Hallen.

In preparation.

The Diary of Andrew Hay of Stone, near Biggar, afterwards

of Craignethax Castle. 1659-60. Edited by A. G. Reid.

F.S.A. Scot., from a manuscript in his possession.
Sir Thomas Craig's De Unione Regnorum Britanni.e. Edited.

with an English Translation, from the unpublished manuscript

in the Advocates' Library.
Papers relating to the Military Government of Scotland, and

the Correspondence or Robert Lilburne and General Monk.

from 1653 to 1658. Edited by C. H. Firth.
A Selection of the Forfeited Estate Papers preserved in H.M.

General Register House.
Continuation of the Record- of the Commissions of the General

GETTY CENTER LIBRARY

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